Cha ter4
4.4 Dry matter content of stem
Table 3. Effect of sowing time and fertilizer management on dry matter content of stem at different days after sowing
Treatment (S) Dry matter content (%) of stem at different days after sowing
1st (30 DAS) 2nd (45 DAS) I 3rd (60 DAS) 4th (75 DAS)
Sowing time
2.32 c 3.81 4.03 b 3.99 b
3.14 a 4.02 5.14 a 5.00 a
3.11a 4.87 5.04a 4.121,
LSD( o 051 0.531 0.912 0.634 0.457
Level of significance ** NS * *
CV(%) 7.23 5.45 6.49 7.51
Fertilizer management
F0 [ 2.72 c 3.85 3.96 c 4.09 c
F1 324 b 4.14 4.19 b 4.29 bc
F2 3.93 b 4.19 4.30 b 4.46b
4.25 a 4.50 4.77 a 4.97 it
LSD 005) 0.241 0.516 0.222 0.361
Level of significance J NS ** **
CV(%) 7.12 8.15 6.96 15.51
In a column means having similar letler(s) are statistically similar and those having dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly as per 0.05 level ofprobabiliiy S1 : Sowing on 16 March F0 : No fertilizer (control)
S, Sowing 01131 March F1 : Cowdung: (15 vlla) Sowing on 15 April F2 : Poultry manure: (7 cita)
Inorganic fertilizer (Urea: 200 kg/ha + TSP: LOU kg/ha - NIP: 100 kg'ha)
Table 4. Combined effect of sowing time and fertilizer management on fresh weight and dry matter content of stem at different days alter sowing of Gimakalmi
Treatment Fresh weight (g) of stem at different days afler sowing I Dry matter content (%) of stein at different days after sowing Combination 1st (30 DAS) 2nd (45 DAS) 1 3rd (9DAS) 4th (75 DAS) I 1st (30 DAS) i 2nd (45 DAS) 3rd (60 DAS) 4th (75 DAS)
SF 10.82 fg 17.62 e 1 20.20 Ig 15.90 fg 2.52 3.83 be 3.99 c 4.04
S1 F1 11.42 def 19.35d 21.444 17.43 del 3.08 3.97 b 4.11 be 4.14
S1 F2 11.72 cdef 19.81 cd 21.76 defg 17.58 dcl 3.12 4.00ah 4.16bc 4.22
S1 F3 12.83 be 20.09 bed 22.80 cdef 18.93 bed 3.28 4.15 ab 4,40 ab 4.48
S2 F0 10.18g 17.44e 19.16g 14.16g 2.93 3.93 It 4.55ab 4.54
S41 12.45 bede 21.33 abc 24.48 be 18.99 bed 3.49 4.08 ab 4.66 a 4.64
SF2 13.19 ab 21.71 ab 26.64 ab 20.92 abc 3.53 4.10 ab 4.72 a 4.73
S2F 14.27 a 21.88 a T_27.25 a 21.69 a 3.69 4.26 ab 4.95 a 4.98
S3F0 11.49 cdef 19.24 d 20.71 efg 16.32 ef 2.91 4.36 ab 4.50 a 4.10
S5F1 11.28 efg 20.03 ed 23.02 cde 18.51 cde 3.47 4.50 ab 4.61 a 4.20
S3F3 11.89 cdef 21.01 ed 25.02 abe 20.87 ab 3.52 4.53 ab 4.67 a 4.29
S1F 12.49 bed 21.29 bed 24.24 bcd 20.74 abc 3.68 4.68 a 4.90 a 4.54
LSD(OMS) 1.103 I 1.533 2.361 2.052 1.425 0.729 0.527 1.82
Level of significance ** ** ** NS a * NS
CV(o) 5.42 12.57 1_6.05 5.98 6.03 7.19 8.06 9.26
lit a column means having similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those havine dissimilar letter(s) differ signiticantly as per 0.05 level of probability S1 : Sowing on 16 March 1:0 No fertilizer (control)
Sowin2 on 31 March F1 : Cowdung: (IS vha) Sowing on IS April F : Poultry manure: (7 t/ha)
F3 : Inorganic fertilizer (Urea: 200 kg/ha + TSP: 100 kgjha . NIP: 100 kg/ha)
30
which was statistically similar (3.11%) to S3 and treatment Si had the lowest (2.32%) dry matter of stem at 30 DAS. At 45 DAS the maximum (4.87%) dry matter content of stem was found from 53 and treatment S had the lowest (3.8 1%) dry matter of stem. The maximum (5.14%) dry matter content of stem was found from S
7which was statistically similar (5.04%) to 83 and treatment S1 gave the lowest (4.03%) dry matter of stem at 60 DAS. At 75 DAS the maximum (5.00%) dry matter content of stem was found from S
2which was closely lol towed by
53(4.12%) and treatment
S1gave the lowest (3.99%) dry matter of stem.
Significant differences were obtained due to application of fertilizer management ('Fable 3). The highest (4.25%) dry matter was recorded from F
3while the lowest (2.72%) was obtained from control condition at 30 DAS. At 45 DAS the highest (4.50%) dry matter was recorded from F while the lowest (3.85%) was obtained from control condition. The highest (4.77%) dry matter was recorded from F
3while the lowest (196%) was obtained from control condition at 60 DAS. At 75 DAS the highest (4.97%) dry matter was recorded from F; while the lowest (4.09%) was obtained from control condition. From the observation it was Ibund that the highest result showed in F
3(inorganic fertilizer). Thepossible reason regarding high dry matter of stem is that proper dose of inorganic fertilizer uptake other nutrient in balance condition 'which accumulated more plant nutrient that gave more dry matter in stem.
Conthined effect of sowing time and fertilizer manage showed significant differences at
30. 45. 60 and 75 DAS (fable 4). At 30 DAS, the maximum (3.69%) dry matter was
obtained front the treatment combination of 5
2173and the minimum (2.52%) was found
from S,F0 . The maximum (4.68%) dry matter was obtained from the treatment
combination of S
3F3and the minimum (3.83%) was found from S
1F0 at 45 DAS. At 60DAS. the maximum (4.95%) dry matter was obtained from the treatment combination of S2F1 and the minimum (3.99%) was found from S1F0. The maximum (4.98%) thy matter was obtained from the treatment combination of S21-'3 and the minimum (4.04%) was
found from 51F0 at 75 DAS.
4.5 Fresh weight of leaves per plant
Sowing time showed significant differences in respect to fresh weight of leaves per plant at different days after sowing in different harvest (Fable 5). During 1 harvest at 30 DAS the highest (39.25 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from 52 (sowing on 31 March) and the lowest (35.69 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was Ibund from Si (sowing on 16 March) which was statistically similar (37.06 g) with 53 (sowing on 15 April). The highest (63.75 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was obtained from 52 and the lowest (60.12 g) was recorded from 53 which was statistically similar (60.60 g) to Si at 45 DAS at I harvest. At 60 DAS in 3rd harvest the highest (84.44 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was obtained from 52 and the lowest (79.40 g) was found from Si which was closely tbllowed (82.02 g) by S3. The highest (76.00 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from 53 which was statistically similar (74.47 g) to S2. while S gave the lowest (71.86 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant at 75 DAS during 4th harvest. From the observation it was found that [lie highest fresh weight of leaves per plant obtained from S2 at 60 DAS it might be caused due to availed favorable environment.
Application of Different fertilizer showed sigsifieant influence in respect to fresh weight of leaves per plant at 30. 45, 60 and 75 DAS (Table 5). At 1st harvest at 30 DAS the highest (41.77 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from F3 (200 kg/ha Urea + 100 kg/ha TSP and 100 kg/ha MP), while the lowest (32.63 g) was recorded from control condition i.e. no fertilizer. The highest (66.43 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was
32
recorded from F3 which was statistically similar (64.17 g) to F2 and the lowest (52.82 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from control condition i.e. no fertilizer at 45 DAS during 2nd harvest. During 3 harvest at 60 DAS the highest (88.34 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from F3 which was statistically similar (86.37 g) to F2 and the lowest (69.32 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from control condition i.e. no fertilizer. The highest (80.31 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from F3 which was statistically similar (78.70 g) to F2. while the lowest (62.24 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from control condition. It was appeared that the height fresh weight of leaves was found from F3 (Inorganic fertilizer). The possible reason regarding high fresh weight of leaves is the proper dose of inorganic fertilizer uptake other nutrient in balance condition which accumulated more plant nutrient that gave more fresh weight of leaves. Awal (1989) reported that the fresh weight of leaves per plant increase by increasing fertilizer dose.
The Significant differences were recorded due to the combined efiCet of sowing time and fertilizer management in erms of fresh weight of leaves per plant at different days after sowing (Table 6). At 30 DAS during 1st harvest the highest (45.61 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was obtained from S2 F3 (Sowing on 31 March and 200 kg/ha tirca F 100 kg/ha TSP and 100 kg/ha MP) which was statistically similar (42.08 g) to S21-2 and the lowest (30. 13 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from S2 F0 (Sowing on 31 March and no fertilizer). The highest (71.02 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from S2F3 which was similar to 821:2 (68.73 g) while the lowest (48.77 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was lound from S2F0 at 45 DAS during 2nd harvest. At 60 DAS in 3rd harvest the highest (93.82 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded from
S21--3 which was statistically similar (91.54 g) to S2172 and the lowest (65.34 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was found from The highest (84.89 g) fresh weight of leaves per
TableS. Effect of sowing time and fertilizer management on fresh weight of leaves and dt' matter content of leaves of Gimakalmi
Treatment(s) Fresh weight of leaves at different days after sowing I Dry matter content of leaves (%)at different days after sowing 1st (30 DAS) I 2nd (45 DAS) 3rd (60 DAS) I 4th (75 DAS) 1st (30 DAS) I 2nd (45 DAS) 3rd (60 DAS) I 4th (75 DAS) Sowing time
1 60.12 b 79.40c 71.86h 16.10 b 7.29 b 19.03 b 9.41
S2 39.2511 63.75 a 84.44 a 76.00 a 6.81 a 7.91 a 9.64 a 10.13 a
S1 37.06 b 60.60 b 82.02 b 74.47 a 5.86 h 7.18 b 8.96 b 9.36 b
1.890 2.588 2.061 2.544 0.394 0.591 0.536 0.607
Level of significance * * * 4* ** ** ** **
CV(%) 5.98 I4.97 1 10.97 8.06 7.43 9.35 6.86 7.44
Fertilizer management
F0 32.63 c 52.82 c 69.32 c 62.24 c 5.27 c 5.97 c 7.86 c 7.91 c
F1 36.70 b 62.53 b 83.78 b 75.18 b 6.19 h 7.27 b 9.05 b 9.57 b
F2 38.23 b 64.17 ab 86.37 a 78.70 a 6.58 ab 8.11 a 9.76 a 10.36 a
F1 41.77 a 66.43 a 88.34 a 80.31 a 6.98a 8.50 a 10.17 a 10.69 a
2.182 2.988 2.379 2.938 0.454 0.682 0.618 0.701
Level of significance ** 4* *4 _4* *4 ** ** *4
CV(%) 5.98 4.97 10.97 8.06 7.43 9.35 6.86 J7.44
In a column means having s3nhiIar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly as per 0.05 level of probability Sowing on 16 March F : No fertilizer (control)
S2 Sowing on 31 March F 1 : Cowdung: IS t/ha Sowing on IS April F: Poultry manure: 7 tlia
F;: Inorganic fertilizer (Urea: 200 kg:ba TSP: 100 kgha NIP: 100 kg/ha)
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Table 6. Combined effect of sowing time and fertilizer management on fresh weight of leaves and dry matter content of leaves ofCimakalmi
Treatment Fresh weight of leaves (g) at different days after sowing Dr matter content of leaves (%) at different days after sowing Combination 1st (30 DAS) 2nd (45 DAS) 3rd (6ODAS) 4th (75 DAS) 1st (30 DAS) I 2nd (45 DAS) 3rd (60 DAS) 4th (75 DAS)
32.30ef 51.95 f 7031 e 64.19d 5.37d 6.02ef 7.94 a 830d
S1 F1 35.65 de 61.78 ede 80.97 d 73.99 e 5.93 bed 6.49 ede 8.91 ede 9.56 bed
S1F1 36.01 de 62.91 ede 81.72 cd 77.36 e 6.40 be 7.97 bed 9.57 bed 9.82 be
S1 F 39.24 bed 64.88 bed 84.91 bed 76.36 be 6.71 b 8.23 be 9.70 be 9.89 be
S21.-0 30.13 f 48.77 f
S2F1 39.18 bed 66.47 abe
65.34 f 59.83 d 87.27 b 76.95 be
5.13 d 5.11 f 6.73 b 7.81 bed
6.75 1
9.78 be
6.65 a 10.25 h
S2F2 42.08 ab 68.73
a
91.54 a 82.48 a 7.60 it 9.01 ab 10.70 ab 11.75 aS7F1 45.61 a 71.02 a 93.82 a 84.89 a 7.77 a 9.72 a 11.32 a 11.88 a
S1F(, 35.59 de 57.74 e 72.29 e 62.90 d 5.32 d 6.86 de 9.05 ede 8.78 cd
S3F1 1 35.77 de 59.96 de 83.73 bed 74.80 be 5.91 bed 6.99 ada 8.45 de 8.91 bed
SF1 36.73 ad 61.33 ede 85.85 be 80.41 ab 5.76 cd 7.49ed 9.10 We 9.49 bed
SF1 40.45 be 63.38 bede 86.86 b 79.87 ab 6.44bc 7.61 cd 9.50 cd 10.24 b
LSD WQc ) 3.780 5.176 4.121 5.089 0.787 1.182 1.071 1.214
Level olsigiiificancc * *4 4* * *4 * * 4
CV(%) 1 5.98 4.97 10.97 8.06 7.43 9.35 16.86
In a column means having similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly as per 0.05 level of probability Sowina on 16 March 1.-0 : No fertilizer (control)
5: : Sowing on 31 March F1 : Cowdung: (IS t/ha) Sowing on 15 April F2 : Poultry manure: (7 i/ha)
Inorganic fertilizer (Urea: 200 kg'ha 4 TSP: 100 kgha + NIP: 100 kg:lia)
35
plant was recorded from S 2F 3 which was similar to S2F2 (82.48 g), S3172 (80.41 g) and S.ih (79.87 g) while the lowest (59.73 g) fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded 1mm S2F0 at 75 DAS during 4th harvest.
4.6 Dry matter content of leaves
There had a variation of dry matter content of leaves among three sowing time at different days aller sowing (Table 5).During I" harvest at 30 DAS the highest (6.8 1%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded form 52 (sowing on 31 March) and treatment 5T showed the lowest (5.86%) dry matter which was statistically similar (6.10%) to 53 (sowing on 15 April). The highest (7.9 1%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from Sz and the lowest (7.18%) was obtained from S3 which was statistically similar (7.29%) with S1 at 45 DAS during the 2 harvest. At 60 DAS during the 3" harvest the highest (9.64%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from 52 and the lowest (8.961/o) was recorded from S3 which was closely followed (9.03%) by S3. The highest (10.13%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from 53, while S1 gave the lowest (9.36%) dry matter content of leaves which was statistically similar (9.41%) to S2 at 75 DAS during 4th
harvest. It was revealed that the highest dry matter content of leaves was found from S3 as 75 DAS. It might be caused due to availed favorable environment.
Application of Different fertilizer showed signi licant differences with respect to dry matter content of leaves at 30. 45. 60 and 75 DAS (Table 5). I)uring the JSI harvest at 30 DAS the highest (6.98%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from F.; (200 kg/ha Urea + 100 kg/ha TSP and 100 kg/ha MP) which statistically similar (6.58%) with F2 (Poultry manure:
7 tlha), while the lowest (5.27%) was obtained from control condition i.e. no fertilizer. The highest (8.50%) dry matter content of leaves was found from F3 which was statistically similar (8.11%) to F2 and the lowest (5.97%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded
36
from control condition i.e. no fertilizer at 45 DAS during the 2nd harvest. l)uring the 3"
harvest at 60 DAS the highest (10.17%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from F3 which was statistically similar (9.76%) to F2 and the lowest (7.86%) dry matter content of leaves was obtained from control condition i.e. no fertilizer. The highest (10.69%) dry matter content of leaves was found from F3 which was statistically similar (10.36%) to F2, while the lowest (7.91%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from control condition i.e. no fertilizer during 4th harvest at 75 DAS. From the observation it was Iinmd that highest dry matter content of leaves obtained from inorganic fertilizer it might be caused that in organic fertilizer increases dry matter content of leaves.
The variation was found due to the combined eficet of sowing time and fertilizer management in ternis of dry matter content of leaves at different days at Icr sowing (Table 6). At 30 DAS during the I harvest, the highest (7.77%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from S21"3 (Sowing on 31 March and 200 kg/ha Urea + 100 kg/ha 1SP and 100 kg/ha MP) which was similar (7.60%) to S2F2 and the lowest (5.13%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from S21"0 (Sowing on 31 March and no fertilizer). The highest (9.72%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from S21:3 which was similar (9.10%) to 821'2 and the lowest (5.11%) dry matter content of leaves was found from S21:0 at 45 DAS during the 201 harvest. At 60 DAS during the 3"' harvest the highest (11.32%) dry matter content of leaves was obtained from S21"3. which was statistically similar (10.701/14) to S7F2 while the lowest (6.75%) dry matter content of leaves was recorded from S21-'0. The highest (11.88%) dry matter content ot leaves was recorded from S2F3, which was similar (11.75%) to S21:2 while the lowest (6.65%) dry matter content of leaves was found from S2F() at 75 DAS during the 4th harvest. From the result it was revealed that both sowing time and inorganic fertilizer favored growth of Gima kalmi.