CHAPTER THREE Data and Methodology
3.15 Sampling Design of the Study
Our study area is Jhinaidah Dsitrict of Bangladesh. One of the six Upazilas of Jhenaidah district is selected at random at the first stage. The selected Upazila is Moheshpur. We have collected data in two phase using separate sampling design and separate target population to serve separate objectives. The second phase sampling design is described first because it is inclusive in the first phase. There are 151 Govt. and associated primary schools, 24 Ebtedayee Madrassa and 38 Kindergarten schools in Moheshpur Upazila. In total, 213 primary institutions in Moheshpur Upazila. List of three categories of primary institutions are given in appendix – VII. Each of the three categories of primary institutions forms a stratum because each category follows a definite curriculum. Schools within a stratum do not differ with respect to curriculum.
It is observed that largest stratum size (no. of schools) is too large in comparison to the smallest stratum. We have no money to study a large number of schools.
So, we have decided to cover all the three stratums, taking one school from the smallest stratum and proportional number of schools from the others two stratums.
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Accordingly, we decided to study on 9 schools in total, six from first stratum, one from second stratum and two from the third stratum.
Distribution of number of schools by category (stratum) is shown in table
# 3.03.
Table # 3.03: Sampling design (Phase – II)
Category of schools No. of schools in the population
No. of schools in the sample
Govt. and associated primary schools 151 6
Ebtedayee Madrassa 24 1
Kindergarten 38 2
Total number of schools 213 9
Our target population is the students of class V. Students of same stratum follow the same curriculum. But numbers of students vary from school to school and students themselves vary from one another in respect of performance. So, we have used PPS sampling considering number of students in class V as the weight.
Cumulative density method due to Hansen-Hurwitz (1943) is used to select the school(s) from each stratum. Cambridge Elementary Statistical Tables (Random Number Table) by D.V. Lindley and J.C.P. Miller (1966), page-12 is used for selecting schools (cluster) from each category (stratum). Thus, our sampling design is a mixed one - Two stage stratified PPS cluster sampling. The selected schools under this sampling design are given in table # 3.04 – 3.06.
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Table # 3.04: Stratum I: Govt. and associated Primary Schools
Serial no. of selected schools
Name of selected schools Number of teachers
Students of class V
60 Jalilpur Model Govt. Primary school. 6 74(77)
116 Kochurpota Reg. Non-Govt. Primary school.
4 27(30)
38 Chandratonpur Govt. Primary school. 4 45(47)
65 Bir Shreshtho Hamidur Rahman Govt.
Primary school.
4 31(34)
34 Paschim Purandarpur Reg. Non-Govt.
Primary school.
3 19(22)
14 Purandarpur Govt. Primary school. 4 47(50)
Figures in the parenthesis indicate total students of class V.
Table # 3.05: Stratum II: Ebtedayee Madrassa
Serial no. of selected Madrassa
Name of selected Madrassa Number of teachers
Students of class V
6 Samonta Dakhil Madrassa 4 58(63)
Figures in the parenthesis indicate total students of class V.
Table # 3.06: Stratum III: Kindergarten Schools
Serial no. of selected schools
Name of selected Kindergarten Number of teachers
Students of class V
21 Hazi Eman Ali Pre-Cadet,Jadoppur. 7 22(24)
20 Ideal Pre-Cadet school, Khalishpur. 5 18(19)
Figures in the parenthesis indicate total students of class V.
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Apart from 213 primary institutions, there are 35 high schools, 24 senior Madrassa and 9 colleges in Moheshpur upazila. List of higher institutions is given in appendix-VIII. List of the elected public representatives (168) is given in appendix-IX. It was not possible to prepare a frame for guardians/parents of students because name and address of guardians/parents available in school register was incomplete and not up to date. Rather we have selected 10% students (270) at random from the register of selected primary institutions. Of the selected (270) students, two had same parent/guardian in 58 cases. Thus, number of guardians/parents reduces to (270 – 58) = 212 who are considered as selected guardians in the survey. All the teachers of selected primary institutions (41), all the teachers of randomly selected approx. 10% higher institutions (112) and all available public representatives (158) constitute the respondents (523) of the first phase sampling results a mixed sampling design. The selected higher institutions (Fisher & Yates, 1957) under phase-II sampling are given below in table # 3.07.
Table # 3.07: List of selected higher (high school, senior madrassa and college) institutions
Serial no.
Institution serial no.
Name of (high school, senior madrassa and college) institution
No. of teachers
1 25 Bakashpota high school, Napa. 12
2 3 Natima- Kuripol high school, Natima. 14
3 10 M. P. B high school, Shambazar. 11
4 16 Mandarbaria high school, Mandarbaria. 10
5 6 Samonta Dakhil Madrassa, Samonta. 14
6 16 Khalishpur Dakhil Madrassa, Khalishpur. 17
7 4 Shahid Ziaur Rahman degree college, Fatepur. 34
* Publication of individual names of respondents of any survey is not permissible by local law.
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91 3.16 Data Collection
Two sets of data are collected for this dissertation. One set to study the factor responsible for Universal Primary education in Bangladesh. The other set of data to study the reliability and validity of the proposed universal model followed by the study of relative efficiency of the existing multi-channel primary education in relation to the proposed universal and unified primary education in Bangladesh. For first set of data, teachers of the selected Primary institutions, Senior Madrassa, Kindergarten, High schools and Colleges of the study area, all elected public representative of the study area and student guardians of selected primary institutions are the respondents. In total, there are 523 respondents students guardians (Fisher & Yates, l.c) 212, Primary teachers 41, Senior Madrassa teachers 31, High schools teachers 47, College teachers 34 and elected representatives 158.
Information on 20 personal covariates (given details in chapter four) of the respondents including demands for universal primary education and preferred terminal competencies to be included in the syllabus of primary education from among the 48 uncommon terminal competencies of the three form of existing primary education. This survey is repeated twice with an interval of one month to study validity of the responses on the selection of terminal competencies by the respondents. Informations collected through these surveys constitute the first phase of data for this study.
The second phase of the data of this study is collected from selected primary school students of class V using multi-channel primary education terminal competency based on questionnaire and the other set of proposed universal and unified primary education terminal competency based on
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questionnaire. The examination was conducted separately in a gap of one month. Scores obtained by the students in each separate examination is considered as a measure of performance of students under the separate models and forms the data base for the Sixth chapter- A curriculum Based Universal Primary Education Model for Bangladesh and Seventh chapter- Efficiency of Primary Education in Bangladesh.
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