Variability Studies

REVIEW OF LITEI4ATLi 141

2.13 Variability Studies

A logical way to start any breeding prograllilne is to survey any variation in the avzulat,je materials.

_Muuiy

orks

11;Ivt' hceii dime In Jmiriv

researchers, some of the important ones are given below:

Shaukat el al.

(2002) studied a set of' 20 elite lines of chickpea to estimate the genetic variability for diflërcnt quantitative traits: days to (lowering, days to (lower initiation, (lay's to maturity, plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant. total weight of plant. pods per plant and seed yield per plant. The results revealed that secondary branches per plant, total weight of plant, pods per plant and seed yield per plant reflected good response to selection. Genotype diflerences were found to he significant for all the parameters studied.

Nagaraj ci aL (2002) attempted hiparental mating in the F 2 of ICCV-10 x BG-

256 cross of chickpea (('ice ar/el/flu/n). The biparen;al population (BIP) had

better mean performance than the F3 sell's for all the characters under study.

The lower limit

01

the range was, in general. smaller for almost all the

characters in the 131 P. I he tipper Ii mi

I

had also increased in the desired

direction for all the C 'liaraders Sn Ilicient ly' high genetic variation was

maintained in the 131 P poptiial ion for most of 11w characters except for

secondary branches. BIP also exhibited improved estimates of heritability and

genetic advance. The utility of biparcntal mating in early segregating generations in chickpea is emphasized.

Chauhan and Singh

(2000)

measured the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability and genetic advance kw dillereiit characters in 13 chickpea elite lines, the highest variability was noted For seeds per pod.

Yadav and Sharma

(1998)

study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. Plant selection for number of branches per plant. 1000-seed weight and seed yield are recontinended based on (lie results.

Moussa et at (1997) evaluated RAPE) as a source ol' markers in chickpea using 196 primers to analyze an 1:6 population of $0 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross

CA2139 N JG62.

About 40 loci were scored, and RAPDs detected consistent polymorphisms segregating in Mendelian ratios. Genome length of chickpea was estimated to be roughly 1500 eM.

Singh et at (1997) studied thirty genotypes of chickpea

(('icer ciriednurn L.)

for variability and characters association. The highest level of variability was observed (hr grains per plant. pods per plant, leaf area. harvest index (HI).

Chavan ci at (1994) evaluated seventy chickpea gcnotypcs [or 8 yield-related

traits and slated Genetic variability was greatest for pod weight per plant, pods

per plant and brandies per plant.

Bhatia ex at (1993) observed high levels of variability 11w pods per plant, branches per plant. I 00-seed weight, biological yield and seeds per pod.

Number of pod-hearing nodes had (lie highest Variai)i lii ol' the nodal characteristics. Seed yield was positively correlated with b:ological yield and harvest index.

Vijaykumar et a,'. ( 1991 ) studied 104 chickpea gcrmplasuis of diverse origin Data were collected (1w II gro' th and yield charact cis. Significantly high variation was tound beiweeri genotypes and genoi.%pc X environment interaction for all characters and between cnvironme:I[s br all characters except days to mattirity. Iii bortna( ion den 'ed lhnil (lie lieki data is given lbr genetic variance, heritability and genetic gain, train which it is suggested that seed weight. harvest index and et'bbctive pods/plant could be further improved by breeding and sclec ion.

Arora (1991) observed 40 genetically diverse genotypes Analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotype were sigtiiiicanl (or all characters.

with little difference in plienotypic and aenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and CCV), suggesting the presence of suflicient genetic variability to allow selection for individual traits. I ugh I'CV and (XV values for pods per plant. 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant, and moderately high values for plant height, canopy spread. length of pod-bearing branches, primary and secondary branches per plant, seeds per pod and harvest index indicated

relatively little cnvronrneiihil influence, suggesting that selection for these characters could he ciThetive.

Abdul ci at. (1 999) found the phenotypic and genotyptc correlation of seed vicld with number of pods per plant. number of secondaty branches, days to maturity. plant height and I 00-seed weight in 10 kabuli chickpea varieties sown in

^1985.

Genotypic differences for all the characters were highly significant.

A considerable range

^of

variability was observed by Sadhu and Mandal (1989) Ibr plant height. pod number. seed number, seed weight and seed yield in 48 diverse chickpea lines.

Chandra

(1968)

while working with chickpea linmnd wide range of variability for the elniracrer of days to flowering html Islam ci

id. (1 984)

in a study of kabuli chickpea tètind mirrow range of variability tor (his trait. Kumar c/ at.

1984) worked with 329 entries of chickpea and Ot)SeEVed variation for the character. Indu (1985) also supported the findings of Kumar ci at

⁽¹⁹⁸⁴⁾

while working with dcsi and kabuli chickpea crosses.

Islam ci at.

⁽¹⁹⁹⁴⁾

and Islam and Begum (1985) reported low variation among

the entries, for Ihe trait of days to maturity on the contrary Indu (1985) reported

high variation for this trait in chickpea.

Chandra (1968) and Siiigh clot (1974) mentioned wide range olvariability for 11w character ol plant hei.,ht in their study etnnprisiIIg 55 and 20 strains of chickpea respectivcJ'.

Joshi (1972) reported higher degrees of variation in the trait

of Primary branches per plant comprising 20 varieties of grams. Kijmar ci at (1984) with their tindings SupporLed (Ii is observation.

In chickpea variability for pods per plant were observed by Joshi (1972). Islam and lcguin (I 985) stmrwIv xIIppor:Ll the Tin(linss willi Illeir ebservation:

Gupta ci at (1972) conducted an experiment with 46 LlraI)) cultivars and obscr'ed highest variability for the character of 100-seed weight. Joshi (1972) and Singh ci ol. (1974) a iso reported wide range ol variability tor this trait in chickpea. in a trial cii (lesi ;ciid Kabul i cli ickpca crosses I tutu ( 1985) observed high variation ibr the character.

Itao (1986). in a study of role of harvest index in the breeding of grain legumes. Ibund substantial genetic variability for the trait.

Chandra (1968) obser'ed wide range of variation for the character

or

yield per plant while working with 20 indigenous and exotic types of grain. Singh ci al.

(1974) reported variability of the character from his experiments comprising 55 strains of chickpea. Lal ( 1976) working with 14 chickpea cultivars obtained

similar type of results and supported the previous findings. In the year 1984 Islam ci ^a!, while vork in with 140 '. ;uiiel ies of' kabti Ii chickpea Iuind n ide range of' variability for grain yield.