CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
4.2 Yield contributing parameters and yield .1 Number of pods plant -1
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Table 3. Dry weight plant-1 of blackgram as influenced by bio-fertilizer and different combination of nitrogen and phosphorus
Treatments Dry weight plant-1 (g)
15 DAS 30 DAS 45 DAS At harvest
B0F0 0.19 0.81 g 3.07 g 4.27 f B0F1 0.25 0.95 e 3.50 f 4.96 e B0F2 0.31 1.08 c 4.27 d 5.68 c B0F3 0.31 1.07 c 4.38 cd 5.87 b B0F4 0.31 1.10 c 4.40 cd 5.60 cd B0F5 0.30 0.94 e 4.27 d 5.43 d B1F0 0.22 0.87 f 3.88 e 4.89 e B1F1 0.29 0.97 de 4.34 cd 5.50 d B1F2 0.33 1.23 b 4.79 b 6.55 a B1F3 0.35 1.29 a 4.95 a 6.68 a B1F4 0.32 1.27 ab 4.72 b 6.61 a B1F5 0.29 1.01 d 4.44 c 5.93 b
LSD(0.05) NS 0.054 0.143 0.179
CV (%) 9.34 8.19 9.67 12.84
B0 = Control (without Bio-fertilizer), B1 = Bio-fertilizer
F0 = Control (without fertilizer), F1 = 40% lower than recommended doses of N+P, F2 = 20%
lower than recommended doses of N+P, F3 = Recommended dose of N+P, F4 =20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P, F5 =40% Higher than recommended doses of N+P
4.2 Yield contributing parameters and yield
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Effect of N+P
Significant variation was remarked on number of pod plant-1 as influenced due to different N+P treatments in blackgram (Table 4 and Appendix IX). Results indicate that the number of pods plant-1 increased gradually with the increases of N+P level and the highest increase was recorded with F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) treatment, after that the production of pods plant-1 reduced gradually up to the highest dose of N+P fertilizer (F5). It was found that the highest number of pods plant-1 (37.03) was obtained from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically similar with F2 (20%
lower than recommended doses of N+P) whereas the lowest number of pods plant-1 (27.52) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer).
The results obtained from the present study were similar with the findings of Rathore et al. (2010), Choudhary and Yadav (2011) and Jha et al. (2015) which supported the present study.
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
Significant influence was recorded on number of pods plant-1 due to combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P in blackgram (Table 4 and Appendix IX).
Results showed that the highest number of pods plant-1 (38.52) was obtained from the treatment combination of B1F3 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B1F2 and B1F4. The lowest number of pods plant-1 (25.77) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was significantly different from other treatments.
4.2.2 Pod length (cm) Effect of bio-fertilizer
Non-significant variation was recorded on pod length of blackgram affected by different bio-fertilizer treatment (Table 4 and Appendix IX). However, the maximum pod length (3.93 cm) was obtained from the treatment B1 (with bio-
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fertilizer) whereas the minimum pod length (3.70 cm) was obtained from the control treatment B0 (without bio-fertilizer).
Effect of N+P
Significant influence was observed on pod length of blackgram due to different levels N+P treatments (Table 4 and Appendix IX). It was observed that the highest pod length (4.09 cm) was achieved from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically similar with F1 (40%
lower than recommended doses of N+P), F2 (20% lower than recommended doses of N+P) and F4 (20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P). The lowest pod length (3.40 cm) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer) which was statistically similar with F5 (40% Higher than recommended doses of N+P).
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
Pod length of blackgram was affected significantly due to combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P (Table 4 and Appendix IX). It was observed that the treatment combination of B1F3 gave the highest pod length (4.22 cm) which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B1F2. The lowest pod length (3.23 cm) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was significantly different from all other treatment combinations.
4.2.3 Number of seeds pod-1 Effect of bio-fertilizer
Number of seeds pod-1 was significant with the application of different bio- fertilizer treatment in blackgram (Table 4 and Appendix IX). Results represented in the table showed that the higher number of seeds pod-1 (5.95) was obtained from the treatment B1 (with bio-fertilizer) whereas the lower number of seeds pod-1 (5.46) was obtained from the control treatment B0 (without bio-fertilizer). Hussain et al. (2011) and Choudhary et al. (2017) also found similar result with the present study.
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Table 4. Yield contributing parameters of blackgram as influenced by biofertilizer, different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus and their combinations
Treatments
Yield contributing parameters Number of
pods plant-1
Pod length (cm)
Number of seeds pod-1
1000-seed weight (g) Effect of bio-fertilizer
B0 31.54 b 3.70 5.46 b 39.59 b
B1 34.89 a 3.93 5.95 a 42.28 a
LSD0.05 0.627 NS 0.056 1.053
CV(%) 6.22 5.39 6.71 5.75
Effect of N+P levels
F0 27.52 d 3.40 c 5.05 c 38.08 d
F1 31.15 c 3.82 ab 5.34 bc 39.49 c
F2 36.40 ab 4.03 a 6.05 a 41.67 b
F3 37.03 a 4.09 a 6.17 a 42.78 a
F4 35.87 b 3.95 a 6.09 a 42.42 a
F5 31.32 c 3.60 bc 5.53 b 41.18 b
LSD(0.05) 0.931 0.282 0.347 0.664
CV (%) 5.71 6.13 8.82 6.69
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P levels
B0F0 25.77 g 3.23 f 4.92 e 36.67 f
B0F1 28.43 f 3.73 d 5.27 cd 37.83 e
B0F2 34.87 bc 3.90 c 5.70 b 39.77 d
B0F3 35.53 b 3.95 bc 5.83 b 41.50 b
B0F4 34.17 c 3.87 c 5.78 b 41.45 b
B0F5 30.47 e 3.50 e 5.23 cd 40.33 cd
B1F0 29.27 ef 3.57 e 5.17 d 39.50 d
B1F1 33.87 c 3.90 c 5.40 c 41.15 bc
B1F2 37.92 a 4.15 a 6.40 a 43.57 a
B1F3 38.52 a 4.22 a 6.50 a 44.05 a
B1F4 37.57 a 4.03 b 6.40 a 43.40 a
B1F5 32.17 d 3.70 d 5.83 b 42.03 b
LSD(0.05) 1.317 0.093 0.187 0.9391
CV (%) 5.71 6.13 8.82 6.69
B0 = Control (without Bio-fertilizer), B1 = Bio-fertilizer
F0 = Control (without fertilizer), F1 = 40% lower than recommended doses of N+P, F2 = 20%
lower than recommended doses of N+P, F3 = Recommended dose of N+P, F4 =20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P, F5 = 40% Higher than recommended doses of N+P
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Effect of N+P
Variation on number of seeds pod-1 was found significant due to different N+P treatments in blackgram (Table 4 and Appendix IX). The data indicated that number of seeds pod-1 increased gradually with increased N+P levels and the highest increase was found with F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) level, after that seeds pod-1 reduced gradually with the higher dose. However, the highest number of seeds pod-1 (6.17) was obtained from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically similar with F2 (20%
lower than recommended doses of N+P) and F4 (20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P). The lowest number of seeds pod-1 (5.05) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer) which was statistically similar with F1 (40% lower than recommended doses of N+P). The result obtained from the present study was similar with the findings of Jha et al.
(2015) and Choudhary and Yadav (2011) which supported the present study.
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
The recorded data on number of seeds pod-1 was significant affected by combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P levels in blackgram (Table 4 and Appendix IX). The highest number of seeds pod-1 (6.50) was obtained from the treatment combination of B1F3 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B1F2 and B1F4 whereas the lowest number of seeds pod-1 (4.92) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was significantly different from all other treatment combinations.
4.2.4 Weight of 1000-seeds (g) Effect of bio-fertilizer
Significant variation was found on 1000-seed weight of blackgram due to different bio-fertilizer treatment (Table 4 and Appendix IX). Results showed that the higher 1000-seed weight (42.28 g) was obtained from the treatment B1 (with bio-fertilizer) whereas the lower 1000-seed weight (39.59 g) was obtained from the control treatment B0 (without bio-fertilizer) which indicated
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that bio-fertilizer treated plot showed 6.79% heavier seed than bio-fertilizer untreated plot.
Effect of N+P
Significant influence was noted on 1000-seed weight of blackgram due to different N+P level treatments (Table 4 and Appendix IX). The data showed a gradual increase in trend with the increases of higher doses. The highest 1000- seed weight was found with F3 (Recommended dose of N+P)treatment after that it was reduced markedly with the further higher doses. The highest 1000- seed weight (42.78 g) was obtained from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically identical with F4 (20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P) whereas the lowest 1000-seed weight (38.08 g) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer).
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
Significant variation was observed on 1000-seed weight of blackgram due to combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P levels (Table 4 and Appendix IX).
Results showed that the highest 1000-seed weight (44.05 g) was obtained from the treatment combination of B1F3 which was statistically identical with the treatment combination of B1F2 and B1F4. The lowest 1000-seed weight (36.67 g) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was significantly different from other treatment combinations.
4.3 Yield parameters