CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
4.3 Yield parameters .1 Seed yield
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that bio-fertilizer treated plot showed 6.79% heavier seed than bio-fertilizer untreated plot.
Effect of N+P
Significant influence was noted on 1000-seed weight of blackgram due to different N+P level treatments (Table 4 and Appendix IX). The data showed a gradual increase in trend with the increases of higher doses. The highest 1000- seed weight was found with F3 (Recommended dose of N+P)treatment after that it was reduced markedly with the further higher doses. The highest 1000- seed weight (42.78 g) was obtained from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically identical with F4 (20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P) whereas the lowest 1000-seed weight (38.08 g) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer).
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
Significant variation was observed on 1000-seed weight of blackgram due to combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P levels (Table 4 and Appendix IX).
Results showed that the highest 1000-seed weight (44.05 g) was obtained from the treatment combination of B1F3 which was statistically identical with the treatment combination of B1F2 and B1F4. The lowest 1000-seed weight (36.67 g) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was significantly different from other treatment combinations.
4.3 Yield parameters
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yield (1.36 t ha-1) was obtained from the control treatment B0 (without bio- fertilizer). The result on seed yield obtained from the present study was similar with findings of Thakur et al. (2018), Lal and Khan (2014) and Hussain et al.
(2011) which supported the present study.
Effect of N+P
Variation on seed yield ha-1 was noted as significant due to different N+P level treatments (Table 5 and Appendix X). The data on seed yield demonstrated a gradual increase in trend with the increases of higher doses and F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) treatment showed highest seed yield and after that it was reduced with the higher doses. However, the highest seed yield (1.64 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically similar with F2 (20% lower than recommended doses of N+P) whereas the lowest seed yield (1.28 t ha-1) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer) which was significantly different from other treatments. Jha et al. (2015), Choudhary and Yadav (2011), Rathore et al.
(2010) and Mathur et al. (2007) found similar results on seed yield with the present study.
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
The recorded data on seed yield was affected significantly by combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P level (Table 5 and Appendix X). It was observed that the highest seed yield (1.76 t ha-1) was achieved from the treatment combination of B1F3 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B1F2 and B1F4. Similarly, the lowest seed yield (1.12 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B0F5.
4.3.2 Stover yield (t ha-1) Effect of bio-fertilizer
Different bio-fertilizer treatment showed significant variation on stover yield of blackgram (Table 5 and Appendix X). Results revealed that the higher stover
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yield (3.18 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment B1 (with bio-fertilizer) whereas the lower stover yield (2.84 t ha-1) was obtained from the control treatment B0 (without bio-fertilizer). Similar result was also observed by Patil (2002) and Mahala (1999).
Effect of N+P
Different levels N+P treatments indicated significant influence on stover yield of blackgram (Table 5 and Appendix X). It was observed that comparatively both higher and lower doses of nutrients showed lower stover yield. However, the highest stover yield (3.22 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically similar with F2 (20%
lower than recommended doses of N+P) and F4 (20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P). Likewise, the lowest stover yield (2.79 t ha-1) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer) which was statistically at per with F5 (40% Higher than recommended doses of N+P). The results obtained from the present study was similar with the findings of Mathur et al. (2007), Rathore et al. (2010), Jha et al. (2015), Choudhary and Yadav (2011) which supported the present study.
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P treatment showed distinct variation on stover yield of blackgram (Table 5 and Appendix X). Results revealed that the highest stover yield (3.40 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of B1F3 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B1F2 and B1F4. The lowest stover yield (2.50 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was significantly different from other treatment combinations.
4.3.3 Biological yield (t ha-1) Effect of bio-fertilizer
Biological yield of blackgram was significantly affected with the application of different bio-fertilizer treatment (Table 5 and Appendix X). Results revealed
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that the higher biological yield (4.79 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment B1 (with bio-fertilizer) whereas the lower biological yield (4.20 t ha-1) was obtained from the control treatment B0 (without bio-fertilizer). Kumawat et al.
(2013) also found similar result with the present study.
Table 5. Yield and harvest index of blackgram as influenced by biofertilizer, different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus and their combinations Treatments
Yield and harvest index Seed yield
(t ha-1)
Stover yield (t ha-1)
Biological yield (t ha-1)
Harvest index (%)
Effect of bio-fertilizer
B0 1.36 b 2.84 b 4.20 b 32.18 b
B1 1.61 a 3.18 a 4.79 a 33.57 a
LSD0.05 0.034 0.046 0.041 0.277
CV(%) 5.76 6.21 6.36 4.33
Effect of N+P levels
F0 1.28 e 2.79 c 4.07 c 31.35 d
F1 1.45 c 2.99 b 4.45 b 32.57 b F2 1.61 ab 3.13 ab 4.74 a 33.94 a F3 1.64 a 3.22 a 4.86 a 33.74 a F4 1.57 b 3.11 ab 4.68 a 33.61 a F5 1.35 d 2.84 c 4.19 c 32.05 c
LSD(0.05) 0.066 0.143 0.232 0.508
CV (%) 4.06 7.37 8.06 5.25
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P levels
B0F0 1.12 f 2.50 g 3.62 h 30.94 e B0F1 1.30 e 2.85 ef 4.15 f 31.33 de B0F2 1.50 cd 2.97 c-e 4.47 e 33.60 c B0F3 1.52 cd 3.04 cd 4.56 de 33.35 c B0F4 1.49 d 2.95 de 4.44 e 33.52 c B0F5 1.20 ef 2.75 f 3.87 g 31.00 e B1F0 1.43 d 3.08 cd 4.51 e 31.76 d B1F1 1.60 bc 3.14 bc 4.74 cd 33.82 a-c B1F2 1.72 a 3.29 ab 5.01 ab 34.28 a B1F3 1.76 a 3.40 a 5.16 a 34.14 ab B1F4 1.66 ab 3.26 ab 4.92 bc 33.70 bc B1F5 1.49 d 2.93 de 4.42 e 33.73 bc
LSD(0.05) 0.108 0.179 0.187 0.4757
CV (%) 4.06 7.37 8.06 5.25
B0 = Control (without Bio-fertilizer), B1 = Bio-fertilizer
F0 = Control (without fertilizer), F1 = 40% lower than recommended doses of N+P, F2 = 20%
lower than recommended doses of N+P, F3 = Recommended dose of N+P, F4 =20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P, F5 =40% Higher than recommended doses of N+P
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Effect of N+P
Variation on biological yield of blackgram was significant due to different N+P level treatments (Table 5 and Appendix X). It was found that the highest biological yield (4.86 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) which was statistically identical with F2 (20%
lower than recommended doses of N+P) and F4 (20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P) whereas the lowest biological yield (4.07 t ha-1) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer) which was statistically identical with F5 (40% Higher than recommended doses of N+P).
Jha et al. (2015) and Choudhary and Yadav (2011) also found similar result which supported the present study.
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
The recorded data on biological yield was affected significantly by combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P level (Table 5 and Appendix X). Results showed that the highest biological yield (5.16 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of B1F3 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B1F2. The lowest biological yield (3.62 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was significantly different from other treatment combinations.
4.3.4 Harvest index (%) Effect of bio-fertilizer
Harvest index was significantly affected due to application of different bio- fertilizer treatment in blackgram (Table 5 and Appendix X). The higher harvest index (33.57%) was obtained from the treatment B1 (with bio-fertilizer) whereas the lower harvest index (32.18%) was obtained from the control treatment B0 (without bio-fertilizer).
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Effect of N+P
Variation on harvest index was found significant due to different N+P treatments in blackgram (Table 5 and Appendix X). The highest harvest index (33.94%) was obtained from the treatment F2 (20% lower than recommended doses of N+P) which was statistically at per with F3 (Recommended dose of N+P) and F4 (20% Higher than recommended doses of N+P). The lowest harvest index (31.35%) was obtained from the control treatment F0 (without fertilizer) which was significantly different from other treatments. Similar result was also observed by Jha et al. (2015) which was conformity of the present study.
Combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P
The recorded data on harvest index was affected significantly by combined effect of bio-fertilizer and N+P levels in blackgram (Table 5 and Appendix X).
The highest harvest index (34.28%) was obtained from the treatment combination of B1F2 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B1F1 and B1F3. The lowest harvest index (30.94%) was obtained from the treatment combination of B0F0 which was statistically similar with the treatment combination of B0F1and B1F0.
4.4 Seed quality parameters