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232211- সরকাির অথব ব া (Public Finance) Chapter-1, Lecture

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232211- সরকাির অথব ব া (Public Finance) Chapter-1, Lecture- 1

1.0 সরকাির অথব ব া (Public Finance) কী?

সরকােরর সকল কার আয়-ব য় নীিত ও প িত বুঝায়।

What does Public Finance mean?Public financeis a study of income and expenditure or receipt and payment of government.

Prof. H. Dalton এেক সরকাির আয় ও ব য় এবং এেদর সম য় সাধেনর িবষয় বেলন িক এই সং া স ীন।কারণ এেত সরকাির ঋণ ও িবিনেয়াগ স েক িকছুই বলা হয়িন।

According to prof. Dalton,

“Public finance is one of those subjects that lie on the borderline between economics and politics. It is concerned with the income and expenditure of public authorities and with the mutual adjustment of one another. The principal of public finance are the general principles, which may be laid down with regard to these matters.”

According to Adam Smith,

“Public finance is an investigation into the nature and principles of the state revenue and expenditure.”

Prof. C. F. Bastable এর মেত, “সরকাির অথব ব া বলেত সরকাির আয় ও ব য় নীিত এবং আিথক শাসন ও িনয় ণ বুঝায়।”

Professor Bastable, an English economist defines public finance as“a subject that deals with the expenditure and income of the public authorities of the state. Both the aspects (income and expenditure) relate to the states financial administration and control.”

Prof. R. A Musgrave বেলন, “ য সব সমস া সরকােরর আয়-ব য় ি য়ার সােথ জিড়ত তােক চিলত অেথ সরকাির অথব ব া বলা হয়।”

According to R.A. Musgrave says,

“The complex problems that center on the revenue-expenditure process of government is traditionally known as public finance.”

So public finance means income and expenditure of the public authorities and adjustment of one to the other.

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1.1 সরকাির অথব ব ার শাখাসমুহ (Braches of Public Finance)

Prof. R. A. Musgrave এর মেত সরকার িনে া িতনিট শাখার মাধ েম তার যাবতীয় কাযাবলী পিরচালনা কের থােকন।

A. Resource Allocation Branch (স দ ব ন শাখা)◌ঃ

(a) tax revenue (কর রাজ )

(b) non- tax revenue (কর বিহভূত রাজ ) (c) internal borrowings (অভ রীণ ঋণ) (d) external borrowings (বািহ ক ঋণ)

(e) surplus of state owned enterprises (রা ায় িত ােনর উ ৃ ) (f) creation of new money (নতুন মু া সৃি )

B.The Income Distribution Branch (আয় ব ন শাখা)◌ঃ

িকভােব সমােজর উ আেয়র মানুেষর িনকট হেত কেরর মাধ েম আয় কেট িনেয় গরীব মানুেষর িনকট সমভােব ব ন করা যায় তার ব ব া করা।

C. The Stabilization Branch (ি িতশীলকরণ শাখা)◌ঃ

(a) government income (সরকাির আয়) (b) government expenditure (সরকাির ব য়) (c) government borrowings (সরকাির ঋণ) (d) financial management ( আিথক ব ব াপনা)

(e) tax structure and distribution of tax burden (কর কাঠােমা ও কর ভাড় ব ন) (f) fiscal management (রাজ ব ব াপনা)

1.2 Objectives of Public Finance (সরকাির অথব ব ার উে শ )◌ঃ

(a) Attaining Maximum Social Advantages (সেবা সামািজক সুিবধা অজন),

(b) Improvements in production and consumption (উৎপাদন ও ভাগে ে উ য়ন), (c) Reduction in the inequality of income distribution (ব ন ে বষম াস), (d) Achieving full employment(পূন িনেয়াগ অজন),

(e) Maintaining economic stability (অথৈনিতক ি িতশীলতা বজায় রাখা), (f) Removing externalities (বািহ কতা দূর করা),

(g) Maximization of social welfare (সামািজক কল াণ সেবা করণ), (h) Formation of capital (মূলধন গঠন) এবং

(i) Poverty alleviation (দাির িবেমাচন).

Any query, you can be reached at: [email protected]

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