NME-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION PAPER-1
SUBJECT CODE : 18BPA5EL
PREPARED BY : Dr.S. SUNDARARAJAN Asst professor
DEPARTMENT : PG and Research Department Of Public Administration CONTACT NO : 9952337047
Material prepared according to textbook and reference books given in the syllabus.
SYLLABUS
Unit 3: Types of Organization Executive: Definition, Functions and Types of Executive
The second but most powerful organ of the government is the Executive. It is that organ which implements the laws passed by the legislature and the policies of the government. The rise of welfare state has tremendously increased the functions of the state, and in reality of the executive. In common usage people tend to identify the executive with the government. In contemporary times, there has taken place a big increase in the power and role of the executive in every state.
The term ‘Executive’ has been defined both in its broad and narrow forms. In its broad form, it is taken to mean all the functionaries, political power-holders (Political Executive) and permanent civil servants who undertake the execution of laws and policies and run the administration of state.
Executive: Definition: “In a broad and collective sense, the executive organ embraces the aggregate or totality of all the functionaries and agencies which are concerned with the execution of the will of the state as that will has been formulated and expressed in terms of law.” Garner
Line Staff Auxiliary:
Chief Executive is the person or body of persons at the head of administrative system of a country. To carry out his onerous administrative responsibilities, he is assisted by numerous agencies and organizations. These agencies are divided into three categories namely (I) Line Agencies (II) Staff Agencies, and (III) Auxiliary Agencies, depending on the nature of work performed by them
Subject Code: 18BPA5EL
SUBJECT TITLE: NME :Public Administration For Competitive exams
Departments :
The line agency in its traditional form exists as departments. Departments are the fundamental unit of administrative organizations and carries out all the
functions. There are different shortcoming and problems associated with this structure as well but before we dwell into that, we shall make an attempt to understand the basic principles on which the organization of departments is based.
The organization of departments is based on four principles:
▪ The Financial Principle: When the administrative business if organized on the basis of the nature of function or the purpose of the work, then it is known as the financial principle. A simple example to elaborate that would be the creation of a Department of Commerce to regulate the trade and commerce within the country.
▪ The Process Principle: When the organization of business is done on the basis of the process of the nature of nature of activity. This principle is also called the Professional Principle, basically the business transactions are carried out based on the target profession, like the Law Department or the Health Department for legal and medical activities of the government.
▪ Clientele or Commodity Principle: In this case the business of organization is based on the set of people for whom its services are meant for, or its clients.
For e.g. the Department of Scheduled Casts and Tribes.
▪ Geographical Principle: As the name suggests, it has the geographical area as its basis to determine the organization of business
Public Corporations:
"Public corporation" means an entity that is created by the state to carry out public missions and services. In order to carry out these public missions and services, a public corporation participates in activities or provides services that are also provided by private enterprise. A public corporation is granted increased operating flexibility in order to best ensure its success, while retaining principles of public accountability and fundamental public policy. The board of directors of a public corporation is appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate but is otherwise delegated the authority to set policy and manage the operations of the public corporation.
Boards and commissions:
As against single headship there is plural or Board or Commission type headship.
In this system headship is not vested in one single individual but in a board or commission. Each board or commission is however, headed by a chairman.
This type of headship is both useful and advantageous in organisations where policies and techniques have to be put on sound footings and where discussions and new techniques are to be developed.
The system is very useful for the organisations where collective interests are to be reconciled. Even this system is a good check on the use of discretionary powers.
Collective decisions usually have maturity and give benefit of knowledge. In this type of headship, there is psychological satisfaction that all the decisions will be taken impartially. It is believed that partial attitude of one head will be countered by the other.
Headquarters and Field relationships:
Concept
• significant tension between the two
• working as a team in the pursuit of common goals
• support each other
Relations between the Headquarters and the Field Organization
• Three principal problems
•
o The issue of administrative vs. functional control from the headquarters
o The administrative unit engaged in planning, co-ordination, control, and direction.
o The functional officer or unit is concerned with one specialized function like finance, accounting, engineering, statistics etc.
• Techniques and methods of headquarters’ control
• Six types of control
• o o o o o
right to receive information from the field administrative codes and manuals
budget of the agency inspection
investigation
o uniform plan of organization
• The problem of relations between the various levels of the field hierarchy
• Interchange between the headquarters and field personnel at regular intervals Independent regulatory commissions
Independent regulatory commission are peculiar to the constitutional setup of United States of America.
There are 6 functions for the independent regulatory commissions 1. Interstate commerce commission
2. The securities and exchange 3. The United States Maritime 4. Federal trade commission
5. Federal communications commission 6. Federal power commission
Interstate commerce commission
The main functions are to develop, coordinate and preserve a transport system by rail, water and other means. It has to promote safe, adequate and efficient transport service and to fix reasonable charge.
Securities and exchange commission
To protect the interest of the investment against malpractices in securities and financial markets.
The United States Maritime commission
Temperature the development and maintenance of a merchant Marine for commerce and defence.
The federal trade commission
It has the duty to prevent and for letters of competition in trade, control false advertisement of food, drug, etc…
Federal communications commission
It regulates interstate and foreign wireless radio and TV communication
Federal Power commission
It licences hydroelectric project, transmission and sale of electric energy and natural gas
