With respect, I would like to inform you that my project report on "Breakfast consumption pattern and body mass index among daffodil international university students" has been done. Under your important guidance, I have done my best to concentrate the project report for compliance with the top standard. I want to assure you that the Project Report I have written is not a clone of any previous project report written by other students.
I also give my sincere assurance that the said project report has never been used to fulfill any other requirement of the course and will not be submitted to any other authority in future. I would like to begin by expressing my gratitude to Almighty Allah for giving me the courage and peace I needed to complete the project report. Nizam Uddin, Associate Professor and Responsible Head of the Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, for incorporating such a wide range of practical knowledge into the curriculum and providing crucial assistance in my work.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
- LITERATURE REVIEW
- OBJECTIVES
A poor diet is one of the main contributors to poor academic performance, and in the worst cases, it can even lead to premature death in adults as a result of a variety of metabolic problems.[12] Avoiding unhealthy foods and drinks, such as soda and alcohol, should be a top priority for college students. Eating breakfast every morning is one of the preventive techniques indicated to minimize the prevalence of overweight and obesity, which is a major public health problem.[26] Despite the fact that they consumed more calories per day, people who ate breakfast had a lower risk of being overweight.[5] However, it should be noted that not all research found a link between skipping breakfast and obesity.[23] Since then, a number of studies have been released to the public.
One of the most important signs of a healthy lifestyle is eating breakfast regularly. According to the United States Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service (2013), it should provide an adequate amount. On the other hand, the influence of ghrelin is related to the antagonism of the inhibitory effect of leptin on the production of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus.[17]
Lack of time, loss of appetite in the morning, exhaustion or sleepiness, or individual behaviors were some of the factors that contributed to this. People trying to lose weight and dieters are two of the most common groups of people who skip breakfast.[19] Some studies found that eating breakfast regularly was associated with an increase in the amount of energy expended during breakfast.
Other studies have found that skipping breakfast led to a compensatory increase in the amount of energy consumed the next day. Both types of studies described that frequent breakfast consumption is related to an increase in the amount of energy consumed during the morning from breakfast [4].
CHAPTER TWO METHODOLOGY
- DESIGN OF THE STUDY
- STUDY POPULATION
- DATA COLLECTION PERIOD
- STUDY PERIOD
- SAMPLING STRATEGY
- SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION Sample size = 𝑧
- DATA COLLECTION METHOD
- DATA ANALYSIS PLAN
- ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
To collect quantitative and qualitative data, the research will take an approach that combines the use of different methodologies. To obtain quantitative data for various research purposes, we will conduct a cross-sectional survey among one hundred adults currently studying at university; or we can say that university students are our target group. Students (Male & Female) aged 21-25 are currently studying at Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Ashulia, Dhaka.
The research device, a questionnaire designed by our team, is used to investigate the parameters of the study through the survey approach. Students at DIU are the subjects of this study, as the implication of the study's title says they should be. The population of DIU students is used as a source for the research sample, which has a calculated size.
Each participant was given information about the purpose of the study as well as their presence before giving their signed consent to participate in the research.
CHAPTER THREE
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS & RESULT
- SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION .1 GENDER
- MARITAL STATUS
- MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME
- ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT .1 BMI (BODY MASS INDEX)
- WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE The following table shows the frequency
- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY .1 Regular exercise
- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- BREAKFAST HISTORY .1 BREAKFAST PLACE
- BREAKFAST TIME
- EATING BREAKFAST OUTSIDE The following bar chart represents
- BREAKFAST LAST WEEK The following bar chart represents
- FOOD INTAKE TRENDS The following table
- REASONS FOR SKIPPING BREAKFAST The following pie
15% of the population falls into the waist circumference of 24-29 inches, 81% of the population has a waist circumference of 30-39 inches and 4% of the population has. 74% of the population exercises and rests regularly. 26% of the population does not exercise regularly. 6% of the population had never had breakfast last week, 7% had breakfast twice last week, 13%.
89% of the population do not eat fruit at breakfast and 11% of them. 91% of the population do not eat jam at breakfast and 9% do. 12% of residents do not like to have breakfast, 10% of residents were not hungry/had no appetite. 13% of residents skip breakfast due to a busy schedule/lack of time, 8% of residents do not feel hungry because they eat late at night.
15% of the population miss breakfast due to waking up late from sleep, 5% skip it because they want to lose weight, &.
CHAPTER FOUR DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
According to the findings of the statistical analysis, the participants in this research project were 47 female and 53 male students. Most of the respondents were over the age of 22, which is the age range for students in their first year of college. According to the findings of the analysis, a total of 85% of the respondents were single, while the remaining 15% were married.
The fact that only half of the respondents were classified as having a decent nutritional status was another troubling piece of information. However, it was discovered that only 14% (14) of the respondents made it a habit to eat breakfast daily. Aside from eating out, snacking, and eating fast food, one of the most common unhealthy eating practices among young adults is skipping meals, especially breakfast.
According to the results of the analysis, the vast majority of respondents (46%) choose to eat their breakfast at home, followed by the DIU canteen (31%) and the hostel (23%) for the remaining respondents. In addition, it was discovered that only 22% of respondents eat their breakfast before 9, while the majority, consisting of 57% of respondents, eat their breakfast. It was also discovered that the majority of respondents, which constituted 34% of the population, had consumed their breakfast every single day in the past week.
This is followed by 6% of respondents who never had breakfast in the previous week, 7% of respondents who had breakfast twice in the previous week, 13% of respondents who had breakfast for three days, 18% of respondents who had breakfast for four days, 7% of respondents who had breakfast for five days, and 9% of respondents who had breakfast for six days. In addition, it was found that among the respondents' top two food choices were bread and vegetables, with respective percentages of 42% and 41%.
LIMITATIONS
Tea and ruti were voted as the second and third favorite drinks of respondents by 39% and 31% of respondents respectively. Another possible explanation for the preference for bread and ruti is that they are easier to obtain and consume than other foods. Moreover, another possible explanation for this discovery is that the price of ruti and bread is not particularly high.
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
A constant discrepancy between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended is the root cause of obesity. It is hypothesized that obesity as a child or adolescent may lead to obesity later in life as an adult. In addition, obesity has long been associated with an increased chance of developing serious health problems such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and insulin resistance.
On the other hand, an increase in the risk of becoming overweight or obese is associated with low levels of physical activity and poor eating habits. In addition to this, skipping breakfast is another important factor in the development of obesity. The growing prevalence of obesity among adults, which is associated with increased risk of disease and mortality in the short and long term, is a major public health concern.
Research suggesting a correlation between eating breakfast on a regular basis and body weight is accumulating, but the mechanisms that explain why this association exists are not well understood. A pattern of skipping breakfast and eating foods with a higher energy content may be associated with obesity; however, the findings of previous studies are still unclear in this regard. Although the link between skipping breakfast and obesity has been the subject of a considerable amount of research, very little is known about the link in our particular context.
As a result, the aim of the current study was to determine whether the habit of eating breakfast and the frequency of snack consumption were associated with body mass index (BMI) among adult students enrolled in higher education. Among university students, more emphasis should be placed on the necessity of eating breakfast.
Universal school meals and associations with student participation, attendance, academic achievement, diet quality, food security and body mass index: a systematic review. The effect of frequent breakfast on body mass index in 9- to 10-year-old Czech children. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among urban school children and adolescents in Bangladesh: a case-control study.
Fast food consumption and obesity among Bangladeshi school-going adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Association between health behaviors and body mass index in the adult population of Serbia: data from the National Health Survey 2013. Effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).
Breakfast, food consumption pattern and nutritional status among private university students in Shah Alam, Malaysia. The association of breakfast consumption habits, snacking behavior and body mass index among university students. Infrequent breakfast consumption is associated with higher body fat and abdominal obesity in Malaysian school-aged adolescents.
Breakfast consumption pattern and its association with overweight and obesity among college students: a population-based study. Association between dietary habits and high body mass index among college freshmen: a cross-sectional study.
ANNEXURE
Breakfast Consumption Pattern and Body Mass Index among Daffodil International University Students
ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY i. Height inch
BREAKFAST HISTORY
