This is to certify that this thesis titled "AN OVERVIEW OF SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND IT FEASIBILITY IN BANGLADESH" has been done by the following students under my direct supervision. The thesis entitled "OVERVIEW OF SMART GRIDTECHNOLOGY AND IT FEASIBILITY IN BANGLADESH" submitted by Shafayat Hossen Kaowchar, ID Kazi Eshita, ID Session: Spring 2019 has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in December 2022.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Conventional grid system
- Generation
- Transmission
- Distribution
- Consumption
- Weaknesses of Conventional Grid System
But there is an urgent concern about affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy. As a result, a significant number of inefficient power plants have appeared. Most such power plants are fueled by natural gas. There are multiple generators or alternators in a generating station and they can use multiple fuel sources. Most of such power plants are located far from load centers. They are commonly known as "Power Hub".
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- Introduction
- Capabilities of a modern smart grid system
- Objectives of the study
- Conventional Grid System vs Smart Grid System
- Need for Smart Grid System .1 Power Quality
- Peak Demand Reduction
- Integration of Renewable Energy
- Technological Development
To determine the advantages and disadvantages of a smart grid over a conventional grid from the point of view of Bangladesh. The main focus of this thesis is to find the necessity of Smart Grid system in Bangladesh.
SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY
- Definition of smart grid
- SMART GRID CONCEPT
- Key features of smart grid
- Smart Grid Networks
- Conceptual Model of Smart Grid Network Power
- Major components of smart gird and the function of smart grid
- SCADA
- WAMS
- DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
- SMART DSM SYSTEM
- Types of Demand side management system
- Common Smart DSM implementation strategies
- Advantages of Smart DSM
- Reasons for using PMU
- Advance Metering Infrastructure
- Smart Home System
Motivate customers in real time to adjust their demands according to the situation and prevent power outages and ensure power quality. It monitors system activity, which helps provide a clear picture of the overall system health. Since the entire network status of the system can be understood within seconds, the daily load demand can be determined according to.
PMU data is like an MRI scan of the network, while SCADA is like an X-ray. Demand-Side Management (DSM) is the process of changing, reducing or managing the load instead of the generation of the power plant in order to balance the supply of electricity in the grid with the electrical load. As costs and demand increase, so will the price of electricity.
CHAPTER4
PROSPECT OF SMART GRID IN BANGLADESH
Present Power System scenario in Bangladesh
- Power Generation in Bangladesh
- Power Generation Units (Fuel Type Wise)
- Power Transmission in Bangladesh
- Transmission Infrastructure Information at a glance .1 Transmission Line
- Power Distribution System of Bangladesh
Currently, PGCB operates the national grid through 400 kV, 230 kV and 132 kV transmission lines to transfer power from the power station to the distribution utility. Another utility which is waiting to be commissioned is the South Zone Power Distribution Company Limited (SZPDCL). They purchase the electricity from the power generation company as a single buyer and sell this electricity to the distribution utility as per the rate of Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC).
But after the establishment of PGCB, the distribution loss has started decreasing as metering infrastructure is in place on the generation, transmission and distribution side.
Feasibility of smart grid technology in Bangladesh
- Current scenario for smart grid implementation in Bangladesh
- Generation Infrastructure
- Transmission Infrastructure
For the implementation of the smart grid, we need a number of rolling reserves to integrate more renewable energy into the grid network. The net energy recorded on the meter, i.e. the total energy drawn from the grid minus the total energy supplied to the grid for the given billing period is used to determine the customer's tariff. According to SREDA's solar E-service desk, there are 1,702 net metering systems.
Bangladesh has the most advanced transmission system among the three systems (generation, transmission and distribution).
4.2.1.2.1 Features of the NLDC-
PGCB has the largest fiber optic communication network, which is essential for the smart grid system. The substation operator and NLDC operator can easily operate and monitor the system with the help of the substation automation system and can perform the operation without making any mistake thanks to the intelligent SAS locking system. As soon as the operator tries to perform an incorrect command, the SAS system can identify the error and reject the operation suggesting a possible solution.
Here the consolidated statement of Substation performance and the consolidated statement of Transmission line performance are shown below-.
4.2.1.2.2 Consolidated statement of Sub-Station performance
The transmission system's performance has improved along with the infrastructure's updating and adoption of new technology.
4.2.1.2.3 Consolidated statement of Transmission Line’s performance
Distribution infrastructure
DESCO and DPDC will incorporate smart grid technologies in several distribution areas on the distribution side. All equipment will be monitored and managed by this SCADA system up to 132kV, 33kV and 11kV levels. The generation and transmission system is up to par with smart grid technology.
The main thing that needs to be done is that the distribution system needs updating to adopt smart grid technology and Bangladesh is far from automation in the sector without DPDC and DESCO.
Others Infrastructure
It is planned to support 69 stations, 2 control centers and about 70,000 DB points, with 50% of the planned capacity allocated for expansion up to 2041. At DESCO substations, supply, installation and upgrading of the SCADA system, including RTUs and SAS Gateway servers are also provided. In this project their smart grid will have some interface like - GIS, SCADA, AMI etc.
On the other hand, many homes in Bangladesh now have access to power thanks to the Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board.
4.2.1.4.2 Metering System-
Advantages of smart grid technology in Bangladesh
- Reducing system loss by using smart grid components
- Others Advantages
It runs on electricity and can be a distributed storage, while dynamic prices appear. Power plants can be decentralized by implementing smart grid technology from the perspective of Bangladesh. This may arise from the single buyer policy as BPDB is the sole buyer of the bulk flow.
If once smart grid can be implemented, a regulated market can be established there and it will increase the customer participation and satisfaction.
Disadvantages of smart grid technology in Bangladesh
Because everything can be monitored and controlled through electrical energy, the system will be clear, the system performance can be improved, and also ensure the responsibility of the system-related manpower.
Challenges to implement Smart Grid system in Bangladesh
- Technological Challenge
4.2.4.1.1 Coverage of communication in distribution grid network
4.2.4.1.2 Security of Information
4.2.4.1.3 Integration of Distributed Energy Resources
Improved transmission efficiency, implementation of demand response and energy storage are a few examples of these controls. The development of acceptable load modeling and forecasting is necessary for the integration to take place. For example, long-term wind patterns can be analyzed to determine the time of day when a wind farm will be available and how much electricity it will be able to produce. Forecasts of future needs are necessary for smart grids to function properly. in order to prepare the flexible systems for the right behavior. The inability to dispatch the renewable energy production in the usual sense can make it difficult for the conventional system to function.
One of the most important steps in deploying a smart grid is using accurate renewable energy forecasting.
4.2.4.1.4 Automation of Distribution
Economical and Business Challenge
For smart grid ideas to be successfully implemented in the real world, the business case for a smart grid must be built. Grid operators, potential energy retailers and start-ups such as demand and generation aggregators are the main entities in the smart grid space that are investigating making business cases. The main business problem facing the utility industry is justifying the high initial capital cost of a fully implemented Smart Grid with benefits that can be seen at specific sites. In addition, the electricity sector must comply with macro-level policy criteria that include resource conservation, environmental protection, climate change adaptation and confirmation of a sustainable environment. The cost-benefit ratio for each application in an integrated system will be more accurate for a full scale-up beyond the pilot phase if the costs of the shared infrastructure are split between the benefits generated by the different applications. Given the significant expenses incurred in the smart grid scenario, it is essential that enterprises cover their costs.
Currently too expensive and considered a luxury rather than a means of saving money and reducing carbon emissions, plug-in hybrid vehicles will be essential components of future smart grid networks.
PROPOSED MODEL OF SMART GRID FOR BANGLADESH
INTRODUCTION
Proposed model of Smart Grid
EMS System
Dynamic Pricing
In a dynamic price system, people can sell electricity to the market when the price is high and buy electricity from the market when the price is low. On the other hand, rooftop solar will increase due to dynamic pricing that can reduce burden on the national grid and reduce fossil fuel burden. Currently, most of the net metering system is not working properly because there is no dynamic pricing system in place.
So the dynamic pricing system can be a boon to the power and energy sector if it can be set up properly.
Power Import
Transmission (Islanding)
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE THESIS
Economical, Societal and Global Impact
- Economic Impact
- Societal and Global Impact
- Other Concerns
Dhaka's air quality index is very poor and a number of people have died due to air pollution. Developed countries are also the main contributor of greenhouse gas and air pollution. Since renewable energy can be integrated into the system, then the amount of greenhouse gas contribution to the environment will be reduced.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Task, Schedule and Milestones
Resources and Cost Management
CONCLUSIONSION & RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
Recommendation
From the above we can see that the power system of Bangladesh needs to be more stable to operate the Rooppur nuclear power plant. But without ensuring the stability of the current grid system, it will be a suicidal decision for the power system of Bangladesh. Not only to operate the nuclear power plant, but also power system stability must be done to ensure quality power and the security of the power system as well.
17] https://www.enerdynamics.com/Energy-Currents_Blog/What-Is-a-Phasor- Measurement-Unit-and-How-Does-it-Make-the-Grid-More-Reliable.aspx. 32] https://www.power-grid.com/der-grid-edge/der-and-bulk-generation/#gref [33] https://iconarchive.com/show/small-n-flat-icons -by-paomedia/building-icon.html [34] https://thenounproject.com/icon/control-room-4859964/. 36] https://www.ecatoday.co.uk/feature/581/Power-to-the-people-an-introduction-to-the-world-o.
Available online: www.dpdc.gov.bd [44] Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA) Energy Division, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources.
