A number of studies have been conducted on pathological effects of liver in slaughtered animal carcasses from different parts of the world and in Bangladesh (Ahmedullah et al., 2007, Kabir et al., 2010, Basak et al., 2011). The prevalence of disease and disease states in this animal largely differs from the local animal population (Kabir et al., 2010) and therefore investigation is required to identify and ensure quality consumption. Several factors such as species, breeds, sex, age, origin of the animal, seasonal variations, etc. may play a role in the occurrence of pathological pulmonary effects in slaughtered animals (Jared et al., 2010).
Consequently, histopathological study of the gross affects also consolidates the diagnostic accuracy thereby implying a positive impact on effective recording and thereby ensuring public health (Belkhiri et al., 2009). By sectioning the affected liver, mature snails can be found in the bile ducts. To find within the liver parenchyma; requires successive cutting of the liver and the pressing out of snails from cut surfaces.
The presence of adults causes extensive proliferation of the bile duct epithelium, cholangitis and necrosis of the duct wall. Fibrosis of the lamina propria of the bile duct occurs which may eventually calcify. 2002) and Sadjjadi, (2006) showed high prevalence of hydatidosis in all countries in the Middle East and Arab North Africa. Samples were taken from each suspected liver with pathological affections with the help of the butcher leader and meat inspector of the city corporation.
A small amount of gelatin was added to the water bath for better adhesion of the section to the slides.
Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
- Incidence of pathological affections in Liver in slaughtered carcasses
- Frequency of different lesions among the affected liver
- Gross lesions
- Microscopic lesions
- The hepatic necrosis was characterized by necrotic zone around the periportal areas (Fig
Hepatic abscess was characterized by large solid space lesion in the square lobe of liver (Fig. 2.B). Lumpy solid mass present diffusely throughout the liver with marked nodular consolidation indicated cirrhosis (Fig. 2.A). The average diameter of the hydatid cyst was 3-5 cm in diameter, but in some cases large cysts larger than 20 cm diameter containing large amount of fluid were also observed.
Often, the abscess formed on the edge of the liver surface after the cystic lesion (Fig. 2.D). A distinct gray-to-white migratory tract was observed on the visceral surface of the liver lobes as evidence of fascioliasis (Fig. 2.E). Additionally, large flows of liver were seen ejected at high pressure around the gallbladder and great bile ducts.
The movement of live worms is visible on the cut surface of the liver and bile ducts. Marked necrosis and fibrosis were evident around the affected bile ducts (Figure 2.F), where a crisp cut was noted, indicating calcification. Liver samples with selected gross pathology were carefully examined under a microscope after preparation of histopathological preparations.
The hepatic necrosis was characterized by necrotic zone around the periportal areas (Fig. 3.A) around the hydatid cyst there was marked cellular reaction characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts, infiltration of mononuclear cells. Transverse section of large hepatic cochlea in the distended bile duct with massive biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis of the affected liver portion was associated with Fascioliasis (Fig.3. C, D, E). Along with the hepatic fibrosis, the hyperplasia of bile ducts and pipe stem liver was also common with chronic fascioliasis (Fig. 3.B) The nodular lesions in liver showed variable forms of hepatic fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells.
Transverse section of the affected liver, mature snail (Fasciola spp) protruding from the bile ducts, marked necrosis and fibrosis present. Massive thickening of the bile ducts and fibrosis around the snail-infected liver section (H & E, 80 X); E. Biliary cirrhosis characterized by dense fibrous accumulation around the duct lumen (Pipe stem liver) (H &E, 120 X); F.
DISCUSSION
2010) reported that imported cattle from India were much more prone to helminth infection than local or crossbred cattle. Although fascioliasis was observed more frequently in buffaloes, no significant differences were observed between the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle. 2007) reported 22.5% fascioliasis in buffalo liver, which is much lower than the results of our study. The overall prevalence of amphistomyiasis was recorded at 21.25% in this study and the infection rate in buffalo liver (31.25%) was significantly higher than that of cattle (16.43%).
This high percentage of liver abscess may be due to the higher rate of hydatid infection. Older hydatid cysts, when they rupture, become infected with purulent organisms and cause abscesses. A total of 13.33% cases of liver cirrhosis were observed in this study, which is much less than the findings of Ahmedullah et al.
Significant difference was observed between the proportion of cirrhosis in cattle and buffaloes, with buffaloes showing much higher frequency. The higher frequency of liver cirrhosis in buffaloes may be because the frequency of infection with fascioliasis is higher in buffaloes, which resulted in such a lesion. Similar to the lesions observed with fascioliasis in our study Dawes (1963), Ross (1966) and Dow et al. 1967) described that the Fasciola-infected liver was discolored with capsule being thick, rough with whitish or reddish discoloration and fibrosis of the bile ducts, indicating subacute form of infection.
The pathological lesions observed in this study are consistent with many previous reports. 2007) found multiple large hydatid cysts in the liver, just under the capsule, which is analogous to the lesions observed in this study. Cyst size varied greatly, but their average diameter (5-10 cm) was similar to the findings of Basak et al. Similar histopathological changes have been reported in previous studies (Runnels et al., 1965; Uzoukwn and Ikeme, 1978).
Hepatic cirrhosis was found to be associated with massive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue and atrophy of the liver lobules and was mostly associated with fascioliasis and hydatidosis.
CONCLUSION
This study reports, a significant number of slaughtered animals in Chittagong metropolitan area are suffering from various types of liver diseases where hydatid cyst was the most common among them. The incidence of liver disease appears to be high in hot summer season and in buffaloes. More extensive study is essential to identify the various risk factors associated with such a condition.
Bacteriological and molecular examination is recommended to determine the incidence of a potential zoonotic pathogen from the carcass of a slaughtered animal.
Madaallii hojimaata inspeekshinii foon idilee madaa dhukkuba tiruu loonii agarsiisu adda baasuuf Mana Nyaataa Bulchiinsa Magaalaa Jimmaa, Kibba Lixa Itiyoophiyaa keessatti. Godina Tigraay, mana qalmaa bulchiinsa magaalaa Mekelleetti loon qalaman irratti dhukkuba haayidatidoosii fi sifiiloosii yeroo tokkotti mudatu. Hydatidosis: Babal’ina Isaa fi Barbaachisummaa Diinagdee Isaa Bineensota Bishaan Nyaataa Bulchiinsa Magaalaa Adaamaa, Giddugaleessa Oromiyaa, Ethiopia Keessatti Qalaman Keessatti.
Study of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered animals in Al Baha region, Saudi Arabia: Interaction between some biotic and abiotic factors. Analysis of pathological lesions in cattle and poultry slaughtered in Lithuanian meat enterprises. Prevalence of zoonotic parasitic diseases of domestic animals in different abattoirs of Comilla and Brahman Baria region in Bangladesh.
Prevalence and economic importance of bovine fasciolosis in Kenya - an analysis of slaughterhouse data. A slaughter tube survey of liver lesions in slaughtered cattle, saheepu and goats in Arusha, Tanzania. A study of cystic echinococcosis in slaughter animals in three selected areas of North Turkana, Kenya.
A retrospective study of the distribution and seasonal variation of Fasciola gigantica in cattle slaughtered at the major abattoirs in Zimbabwe between 1990-1999. Molecular genetic analysis of human cystic hydatid cases from Poland: identification of a new genotype group (G9) of Echinococcus granulosus. A survey of zoonotic diseases in commercial cattle slaughtered at Tanga city abattoir: a cause of public health concern.
Pathological Examination Of Liver Slug Infection Of Sexed Black Bengal Goat In A Selected Area Of Bangladesh, Bangl.
