We hereby declare that this project was done by us under the supervision of Md. Azharul Islam, Senior Lecturer, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Daffodil International University. We also declare that neither this project nor any part of this project has been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.
Firstly, we express our heartfelt thanks and gratitude to Almighty Allah for his divine blessings that enable the successful completion of this project. Mahbub Ul Haque Majumder, Department of Textile Engineering and Daffodil International University for his continuous guidance to prepare this project report. The deep knowledge and great interest of our supervisor in the field of textile dyeing and finishing influenced us to realize this project without problems.
His endless patience, professional guidance, constant encouragement, constant and energetic supervision, constructive criticism, valuable advice, reading many poor drafts and correcting them at every stage made it possible for this project to be finally completed. After testing, the overall results showed that the knitted fabrics produced from the open form were given lower, less thick, thin, less variation in width or exact width, lower spirality, less shrinkage, higher burst strength, desired GSM, higher CPI, higher WPI, consistency compared to knits made from tubular format, and these are the key achievements of this project work.
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTS OF THESIS
Literature Review
M [11] The results show that the properties of the fabric change significantly after each stage of wet processing. It is observed that the pretreatment of the gray fabric has a greater influence on the fabric properties, mainly due to the shrinkage of the material. Subrata Das [3] Compaction reduces the length of the fabric based on the elongation during processing.
THEORIES BEHIND THE THESIS
- Knitting
- Types of Knitting
- Warp Knitting
- Weft Knitting
- Terms of weft knit
- Loop
- Course and wales
- Process flow chart of weft knitting
- Types of Weft Knitting
- Single jersey
- Rib
- Fabric GSM: It stands for fabric weight in grams per square meter. One can determine GSM for
- Shrinkage
- Spirality
In a weft knit structure, a horizontal series of loops can be made using a single thread, and the thread runs in a horizontal direction. When the tension in the fabric is balanced and there is sufficient release tension during knitting, an upright loop is formed in the hook of the needle. At the bottom of each leg is a foot (F) that threads through the head of the loop formed in the previous knitting cycle, usually with this needle.
Thread passes from the leg of one loop to the leg and the leg of the next loop formed by it. If the loops are knitted on a flat machine with a presser device and no take-off tension, the loops will be more rounded and tend to skew due to the traverse motion of the presser.). In warp knitting, the legs can be open or closed at the base of the loop.
In the latter case, the yarn guide passed over the back of the needle, over the hook of which had previously formed a loop. In weft knits, an intermediate loop connects two consecutive loops. horizontal; when one loop breaks, the entire fabric can be opened simply by pulling the free end of the yarn. A double-knit fabric in which ribbed edges or vertical rows of stitches alternate on the front and back of the fabric.
A fabric with vertical rows of loops on both sides of the fabric and gives more stretch in the fabric. Unlike relaxation shrinkage, which occurs only once, progressive shrinkage continues and the fabric shrinks a little more with each wash. Relaxation shrinkage: During manufacture, fabrics and their component yarns are subjected to tension under varying temperature and moisture content, after manufacture, when the fabric is removed from the machine and stored on the floor or in a storage room, the fabric tends to shrink, this type of shrinkage is called relaxation shrinkage .
The longitudinal rows of stitches, called ribbing or needle lines, should occupy a truly vertical line in the fabric and always be at right angles to the cross stitch rows. The following image shows the fabric with normal loop position and with spirality with slanted ribs. Since the dimensional properties of the fabrics are affected by spirality, it is very essential to minimize or eliminate it altogether.
Materials
Circular Knitting Machine
Machine Specification(Jersey)
Machine Specification(Rib)
Dyeing machine specification
Finishing
Dewatering machine
- Specification of Dewatering Machine
- Dryer m/c &Specification
- Tube Compactor Machine
- Stenter machine
If necessary, set % overfeed; to increase GSM, overfeeding must be increased to a certain limit.
Testing materials
CPI, WPI Measuring material
- Counting glass
- Stitch length counting materials
GSM checking material
GSM cutter and digital balance
Shrinkage and spirality test
Washing machine specifications
Methods
- Knitting method
- Dyeing method
- Finishing method
- CPI & WPI Test
- Stitch length
- Stitch density
From a counting glass and a counting needle, the total number of courses and wales was calculated to 1 inch at each stage (Grey & Finished). A total of n (100) Welsh numbers were counted with a counting glass and then measured with a millimeter scale. WPI and CPI do not have any direct effect on knitted fabrics except for banding effects such as horizontal and vertical effects.
WPI and CPI together affect the stitch density, this means the total number of loops on specific area.
Shrinkage test of knitted fabrics
Spirality Test of knitted fabrics
- Spirality test calculation
- Comparison between GSM of Grey, Open, & Tube Finished Fabric
- Comparison between Stitch Density of Grey, Open & Tube Finished Fabric
- Comparison between Spirality of Grey, Open & Tube Finished Fabric
- Comparison between Shrinkage Lengthwise of Grey, Open & Tube Finished Fabric
- Comparison between Shrinkage Widthwise of Grey, Open & Tube Finished Fabric
There are two flow charts of express to open finish & pipe finish given below.
Results and discussions
Analyzing two types of fabric it has, in case of Single Jersey and Rib fabric, Spirality is highly increased in Tube finished fabric than Open finished fabric. Analyzing two types of fabric, in the case of Single jersey and Rib fabric, it has highly increased in shrinkage according to length tube finished fabric than open finished fabric. Analyzing two types of fabric, in the case of Single jersey and Rib fabric it has highly increased in shrinkage according to Widththwise Tube finished fabric than open finished fabric.
Conclusion
Overall Discussion of Results
Recommendations for future work
