This thesis entitled “Geothermal Energy and Prospects of Bangladesh” submitted by Md Hasnat Hossain to the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Daffodil International University, has been found satisfactory and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 26 Table 3.6: Geothermal gradients as observed in some deep wells of Bangladesh 27 Table 4.1: Fuel shares in world renewable energy supply in 2004 31 Table 4.2: Product shares in world renewable energy supply in 2004 31 Table 4.3 in world electricity production: Fuel in the world: in 2004 31 Table 5.1: Common use and commonly used technology for different reservoir temperatures 32 Table 5.2: Low temperature energy use as direct use worldwide main 20 .
Globally Exploitation & Advanced System 44
Economics & Outlook For The Future 51
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
- Introduction
- Geothermal Energy
- Geothermal Powers
- Efficiency of Geothermal Energy
- Geothermal Energy Location
- History
- Geographic Distribution of Geothermal Resources
- Advantage
- Available Anywhere, Anytime
- Sustainable and Renewable
- Economic Advantages
- Environmental Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Environmental Consideration
- Waste Brine Disposal
- Noncondensible Gases
- Waste Heat Rejection
- Subsidence
- Noise
- Threat of Earthquakes
- Difficult and Expensive
- Other Considerations
The most outstanding geothermal belt of the world is the Circum-Pacific belt (the so-called Belt of Fire). One of the biggest disadvantages associated with geothermal energy is that it is expensive to get started.
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
Geothermal Resources
However, in some parts of the world the temperature gradient is much greater than normal, reaching as much as 1 °C/m in some places.
Geothermal Energy Resource Types
- Model of a Hydrothermal Geothermal Resource
- Liquid-Dominated Systems
- Vapor-Dominated Systems
- Hot Dry Rock Systems
- Geopressured Systems
- Magma Energy
Without fluid in the system, there is no heat transfer medium and the thermal energy of the formation will remain in the reservoir. With the exception of requirements (a) and (d), deficiencies in the others have been remedied through research and field practice. If there is little water in the formation or if recharge is low, any unused geofluid from the plant can be reinjected.
Thus, it is possible that today's fluid-dominated geothermal systems will continue to be exploited as hot dry rock systems at some point in the future. Temperatures as high as 237 °C have been recorded in some geopressure zones on the coast of Melin Bay in the United States, with wellhead pressures exceeding 7.6 x lo7 Pa (11,000 psi).
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN BANGLADESH
- Geographical Information of Bangladesh
- Tectonic & Geological Settings
- Global Scenario of Renewable Energy
- Present Electricity Generation Situation in Bangladesh
- Energy Scenario of Bangladesh
- Renewable Energy Scenario of Bangladesh
- Geothermal Prospects in Bangladesh
- Geothermal Activities in Bangladesh
- Geo-tectonic Settings of Bangladesh
- Sub-Himalayan Foredeep Geothermal Province
- Rangpur Saddle Geothermal Province
- Bogra Shelf Geothermal Province
- Madhyapara Hard Rock Mine Area
- Thakurgaon High-Temperature Area
- Potential of Folded Belt Geothermal Province
Guha (Bangladesh) under funding from KTH (The Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden) conducted a study on the probability of geothermal energy in Figure 3.3: Geothermal gradient of Bangladesh at 3 km depth (modified from Guha. 2010). While the eastern part of Bangladesh is the continuation of the frontal belt of the Indo-Burma range. Tectonically, Bangladesh lies on the northeastern Indian Plate near the edge of the Indian craton.
Madhyapara granite mine is located in Madhyapara of Dinajpur district in the north-western part of Bangladesh. Water occurs in the intergranular pore spaces of the weathered part of the basement complex and along with the fissures and fractures of fresh.
COMPARISON OF GEOTHERMAL AND OTHER ENERGY
Geothermal and other energy
Compared to other fossil fuels, it has no energy transportation costs because the energy is produced right next to the plant. Building a geothermal power plant is expensive and drilling wells can cost around $4 million. Geothermal energy not only draws the earth's natural heat and produces energy, but is also more reliable than other energy sources.
Other clean energy, such as solar and wind energy, need adequate sun or wind to produce energy, making them weather-dependent energy sources, but on the other hand, geothermal energy does not depend on uncontrollable external forces. It has been observed that to produce the same amount of energy, a geothermal energy plant needs 10% of the land than a solar energy plant [23].
A Comparison of Wind, Solar and Geothermal Energy Sources
It does not require as much land to produce energy compared to other green power plants. It is also more expensive to produce electricity from the sun than from fossil fuels. The Earth, where the core is located, is extremely hot and temperatures can exceed 6000°C [25].
More space is therefore needed in both power plants to produce sufficient energy. Compared to wind or solar energy, a very small surface area is required to produce continuous energy 24 hours a day.
Geothermal Energy Use Compared to Other Renewables
There are also concerns about land and visual impact in terms of any power plant construction. Each power plant does present its typical scenario while it is destroying and producing energy. Both wind and solar power plants must operate in wide open areas where sufficient wind and sunlight are available.
They also need more units to provide sufficient power, for example, the sun does not always provide the same energy in the same place and it needs a large area to collect energy at a useful rate, and each wind energy plant comes with 200 to 300 feet tall turbines that have to spread over a large area. Thus, the scenarios of these geothermal plants are very different and these characteristics reduce the overall visual impact.
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM, POWER PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
- Geothermal Systems
- Low-Temperature Geothermal Systems
- Low-Temperature Geothermal Energy Utilization
- High-Temperature Geothermal Systems
- Types of Geothermal Power Plant
- Single Flash System
- Double Flash System
- Dry Steam Power Plant
- Binary Cycle Power Plant
- Combined Cycle Power Plant
- Power Plant Equipment
- Geothermal Vents
- Steam Generator
- Turbine
- Condenser
- Operation of Power Plants
Low-temperature (<150 °C) sedimentary geothermal sources are widespread in the continental regions of the Earth's crust. Around the world Low-temperature geothermal energy is widely used in the geothermally dominant countries of the world. A small portion of the steam is directed to the steam ejector system and the remaining portion is directed to the turbine.
Our binary and combined cycle geothermal plants re-inject all geothermal fluids used in individual processes into the geothermal reservoir. Regardless of the type of plant, both flash and dry steam plants pump steam from a geothermal vent into a large turbine.
GLOBALLY EXPLOITATION & ADVANCED SYSTEM OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
GLOBALLY EXPLOITATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Systems
- Hybrid Single Flash and Double Flash Systems
- Integrated Single and Double Flash Plants
- Combined Single and Double Flash Plants
- Combined Flash Binary Plants
- Integrated Flash Binary Plants
- Geopressure Hybrid Systems
- Hybrid Fossil Geothermal Systems
- Fossil Superheat Systems
- The Geothermal Preheat Systems
- Combined Heat and Power Plants
The binary cycle is inserted as shown to tap into the reinjection pipeline where it extracts some heat thereby lowering the waste brine temperature prior to injection. The two turbines in the upper part of the plant can be connected to a common generator, as shown. One of the earliest proposals for this type of system can be found in a 1961 paper by Hansen [24].
Obviously, a geothermal source must be close to the site of the fossil plant for this hybrid scheme to be practical. By capturing some of the waste heat in the brine residue before it is re-injected, 59.
Low Temperature Electricity Production Cycles .1 Organic Rankine Cycle
- Working fluid
- Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle
- Working fluid
The supply of fresh water supplied to the primary heat exchangers from the well pumps is shown. Secondary heat exchangers would be installed close to the end users to allow water from the main network to be heated for domestic consumption or heating. One is the possible environmental impact and the other is how the fluid affects the efficiency of the cycle.
According to the paper by Kosmadakis (2008), the fluid that combines both of these properties is R245fa, a pentafluoropropane. The critical point values of the working fluids R245fa, R601 and geothermal water are presented in the table.
APPLICATION, ECONOMICS & OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE
Present Uses
- Space Heating
- Industrial Applications
Geothermal space heating is becoming widespread throughout the cooler regions of the world, with significant applications in a number of countries. The current capacity of the geothermal system is 350 MW, with a peak energy demand provided by a 35-MW oil-fired heating plant. A number of unique systems exist in one or more of the many geothermal space heating applications.
It is not just a large-scale application; it is also an example of how geothermal energy can make a process economical when it could not otherwise be justified. In Iceland, most tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers and other fresh vegetables are grown with geothermal energy providing the heat energy.
Economics of Geothermal Power
- Power Plant Cost
- Operating Cost
In a plant used in winter for drying, slurry heating, space heating and defrosting tanks. The total consumption in winter is about 50 t/h of steam 1 x lo6 Pa, another use that shows the wide range of applications of geothermal energy is the current use of relatively low temperature water for defrosting large areas of ground. allow mining in some regions of the USSR. Hungary has the only major use of geothermal energy in livestock farming, and this is not expected to be a significant and widespread use of geothermal energy in the future.
There are relatively few small aquaculture applications using geothermal energy at present. The annual operating and maintenance costs for the power plant are expected to be around 4.5% of the plant's capital costs.
Outlook for the Future
- Space Heating
- Industry
- Agriculture
The costs of hydrothermal power plants are expected to be about the same as those of fuel oil plants. Plant costs will vary by conversion cycle and source type (eg, gas steam, binary cycle, geopressure), but are unlikely to exceed nuclear plant costs unless lower temperature reservoirs are used. The area to be heated must be close to the source; the higher the annual load factors, the better;.
The energy consumption and/or energy intensity of the process must be high; the raw material source and resource location must be compatible; if large amounts of electricity are required in addition to thermal energy, the geothermal resource should also be able to produce electricity. Both of these appear to be growing in importance and have very good potential applications in countries at higher latitudes.
DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
Discussions
With solar or wind energy, specific natural conditions must be met, which means a perfect location where there is enough sun or wind. It was found that a geothermal power plant needs 10% of the land to produce the same amount of energy as a solar power plant [24].
Conclusion
Summary of Power System Master Plan 2016” Energy Division, Ministry of Energy, Energy and Mineral Resources Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Massachusetts Institute of Technology) et al., The Future of Geothermal Energy (14MB PDF), Impact, of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Egs) in the United States in the 21st Century: An Assessment, Idaho Falls: Idaho National Laboratory, ISBN retrieved 2007 - 02-07. Energy demand and prospect of geothermal energy as a solution to Bangladesh's energy crisis – an approach to green energy solution.
NasreddineChennoufa,*, BelkhirNegroua, BoubekeurDokkara, Valorisation et estimation de la production d'électricité géothermique utilisant le dioxyde de carbone comme fluide de travail dans le sud de l'Algérie, NoureddineSettoua a Laboratoire de Valorisation et de Promotion des Ressources Sahariennes (LVPRS) Algérie Kai University, Ousdigla University, Ka.
