We hereby declare that the work presented in this project is the outcome of the investigation and research work carried out by us under the supervision of Md Rakibul Alam, Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sonargaon University (SU). We also declare that no part of this project and of it has been submitted or is being submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree. In my capacity as supervisor of the candidate's thesis, I certify that the above statements are true to the best of my knowledge. The project was carried out in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in Mechanical Engineering of the year 2020 and was approved in terms of its style and content.
The thesis is produced under the supervision of Lecturer Md Rakibul Alam, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sonargaon University. Mostof Hossain, head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and all respected teachers of the Department of Mechanical Engineering for their cooperation and important help in the successful completion of the thesis. The physical construction of the project is made of fiberboard cut, glued and aluminum box-cut according to the 3D design.
The color sensor is mounted face down while it checks the object color and this check corresponds to a color frequency with a custom feature that helps identify the color of the object. This Arduino color sorting project is applicable to organizing small objects, considering the capabilities of the hardware powering this project.
Objective
The color sorting machine is mainly a device that can sense the different color of the object and assert them in different belt conveyors. The Arduino microcontroller sends signal to the circuit which drives the various motors in the robot arm to grasp the object and place it in the specified location. This paper describes a working prototype designed to automatically sort objects based on color.
A TCS230 sensor was used to detect the color of the product, and a PIC16F628A microcontroller was used to control the entire process. Color identification is based on frequency analysis of TCS230 sensor output. Once the color of the component is determined, the implemented system automatically counts and sorts the objects based on the color.
It will use a pick arm that uses a controller motor to pick the specific object from the conveyor belt and place it according to the color detection. Once the color of a component is determined, the implemented system will automatically count and sort the objects according to its color.
Our Prototype Output
After integrating the programmed Arduino and TCS230 circuit with the structure of the model, we measure the frequency of signals corresponding to each color by observing them on a CRO. Arduino Nano receives input signal and gives output signal to servo-1 or servo-2 according to the program code. From the conveyor belt color sensor detects the color of the product and sends an input signal to the Arduino.
Nanos have the breadboard capability of the Boarduino and the Mini+USB with a smaller footprint than both, so users have more breadboard space. To detect color, the photodiodes are arranged in groups of four with red, green or blue filters on three of the photodiodes and no filter on the fourth. Switched-mode power supplies can also be significantly smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.
The measured position of the output is compared to the command position, the external input to the controller. This type of servo motor is not commonly used in industrial motion control, but it forms the basis of the simple and inexpensive servos used for radio-controlled models [ref 9]. However, if an accelerating or alternating voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, a displacement current can flow.
Capacitance is expressed as the ratio between the electric charge (Q) on each conductor and the potential difference (V). Typical capacitance values range from about 1 pF (10−12 F) to about 1 mF (10−3 F). The capacitance is greater when there is a narrower separation between conductors and when the conductors have a larger surface area. The current through a resistor is directly proportional to the voltage across the resistor's terminals.
First, select “Arduino Uno from the Tools menu, Board (depending on the microcontroller on your board). The IC used as an ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno is pre-written with a bootloader that allows you to load new code into it without using an external hardware programmer On Rev1 boards: solder jumper connection on the back of the board (near the map of Italy ) and then reset 8U2 The Arduino Uno is one of the latest smart microcontroller units and has many capabilities to communicate with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers.
The RX and TX LEDs on the board will blink when data is being transmitted through the USB-to-serial chip and the USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). The STEP output can then be used to transfer to mechanical CAD software such as Solid works or Autodesk for precise table assembly and positioning. The color detection sensor worked well and was able to distinguish between red and green color nicely and the object alignment with the help of the servo arm was also done in the right direction.
The belt moved from the start point to the end point through the roller without coming into conflict with the walls.
Working Principal
Block Diagram
From SMPS, one line goes to the DC gear motor of the conveyor belt and one line goes to Arduino Nano.
Circuit Diagram
Practical Figures ………………………………………………..……………….…13-14
Methodology
The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). Arduino projects can be standalone or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, Max MSP). Most of our DC motors can be supplemented with one of our unique gearboxes, giving you a highly efficient geared motor solution.[ref 7].
If the output position deviates from the required one, an error signal is generated which then causes the motor to rotate in either direction depending on what is required to bring the output shaft into the correct position. The smart microcontroller unit called Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor that allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board.
The Arduino IDE uses the GNU toolchain and the AVR Libc to compile programs and to upload the programs it user argued. Since the Arduino platform uses Atmel microcontrollers, Atmel's development environment, AVR Studio or the newer Atmel Studio, can also be used to develop software for Arduino. Color and size are the most important features for accurate classification and sorting of the product, which can be done by using some optical sensors or analyzing their images.
When the object moves from one place to another with the rotation of the conveyor belt, sensors as input devices will send a signal to the microcontroller, where the microcontroller as a controller will give the command to the actuator to take action.
List of component with price
Color Sensor
This allows the sensor to measure the amount of red, green, blue and white light that falls on the sensor.
SMPS Power Supply
DC Gear Motor
Servo motor
Capacitor
Resistor
An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication via USB, appearing as a virtual COM port for software on the computer. Shape-based automatic routing was added in 2002, and in 2006 there was another major product update with 3D board visualization. More recently, a dedicated IDE for simulation was added in 2011, and MCAD import/export was included in 2015.
Support for high-speed design was added in 2017. Feature manager product releases are typically biannual, while maintenance-based service packs are released as needed.[ref14].
Circuit Test
The program sometimes does not work well when variation in light is found, because the color sensor is not powerful as a professional sensor. So the sensor sometimes detects the color with a different color code and causes a problem in the program.
Conclusion
Future Scope
