Energy Storage From Speed Breaker (Power Hump)

ENERGY STORAGE FROM SPEED BREAKER(POWER HUMP)

A Thesis submitted to the

Department of Mechanical Engineering

In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering FEBRUARY 2020

SONARGAON UNIVERSITY (SU) By

Md. Alomgir Hossain (BME- 1602009098 ) Md. Olif Islam ( BME- 1602009097 ) Mizanur Rahman ( BME- 1602009099 ) Md. Humyon Kabir ( BME- 1602009063)

Under the supervision

Md. Sojib Kaisar Lecturer

Energy Storage From Speed Breaker (Power Hump)

A Thesis by

Md. Alomgir Hossain (BME- 1602009098 ) Md. Olif Islam ( BME- 1602009097 ) Mizanur Rahman ( BME- 1602009099 ) Md. Humyon Kabir ( BME- 1602009063)

Supervised by:

Md. Sojib Kaisar Lecturer

Mechanical Engineering Department

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SONARGAON UNIVERSITY (SU)

FEBRUARY 2020

Energy Storage From Speed Breaker (Power Hump)

A Thesis by

Md. Alomgir Hossain

BME- 1602009098

Md.Olif Islam

BME- 1602009097

Mizanur Rahman

BME- 1602009099 Md. Humyon Kabir BME- 1602009063

Md.Sojib Kaisar Lecturer

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sonargaon University (SU)

ABSTRACT

Energy is the primary need for survival of all organisms in the universe. Everything what happens in the surrounding is the expression of flow of energy in one of the forms. But in this fast moving world, population is increasing day by day and the conventional energy sources are lessening. The extensive usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis over the few years. Therefore to overcome this problem we need to implement the techniques of optimal utilization of conventional sources for conservation of energy. This project includes how to utilize the energy which is wasted when the vehicles passes over a speed breaker. Lots of energy is generated when vehicle passes over it. We can tap the energy generated and produce power by using the speed breaker as power generating unit. The kinetic energy of the moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical energy of the shaft through rack and pinion mechanism. Then, this mechanical energy will be converted to electrical energy using generator which will be saved with the use of a battery. The energy we save during the day light can be used in the night time for lighting street lights. Therefore, by using this arrangement we can save lot of energy which can be used for the fulfillment of future demands.This project harvests energy from speed breaker by making gear arrangement and using electronic gadgets. Large amounts amount of electricity can be generated saving lot of money. And if implemented will be very beneficial for Government.When vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like, due to friction between vehicle‟s wheel and road i.e. rough surface Heat Energy is produced, also when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind. The principle involved is potential energy to electrical energy conversion. There is a system to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip. When the breaker comes down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter) which in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The main objective of the thesis is to apply our concepts & knowledge into practical life and Product Design is to implement that concept and knowledge and produce a real product. We would like to acknowledge the people Md Sojib kaisar sir who have helped & supported us throughout the project work as without their help & support we may not be able to complete this project.

Firstly, we would like to impart our earnest gratitude to our respected thesis teacher. He has helped us tremendously in developing our concepts & completing our project in many difficult situations which would be quite tough for us to handle.

We would also like to thank the people who have provided us with most of the data &information required for the project.

DECLARATION

We, hereby, declare that the work presented in this project is the outcome of the investigation and research work performed by us under the supervision MD. SOJIB KAISAR, Lecturer Department of Mechanical Engineering, SonargaonUniversity (SU). We also declare that no part of this project and thereof has been or is being submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

1) Md. Alomgir Hossain (BME-1602009098)

Signature

2) Md.Olif Islam ( BME- 1602009097)

Signature

3) Mizanur Rahman ( BME- 1602009099)

Signature

4) Md. HumyonKabi ( BME- 1602009063)

Signature

APPROVAL

This is to certify that the project on “Energy storage from speed breaker(power hump) ”By (Md.Alomgir Hossain,ID:1602009098- Md Olif Islam,ID:1602009097- Mizanur Rahman,ID:1602009099- Md Humyon Kabir,ID:1602009063 ) has been carried out under our supervision. The project has been carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in Mechanical Engineering of the year of 2020 and has been approved as to its style and contents.

Md. Sojib Kaisar

LecturerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Sonargaon University (SU)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic Page no.

Abstract

^iv

Acknowledgement

^v

Declaration

^vi

Chapter I : Introduction

^3-4

Chapter II : Literature review

2.1 Speed breaker 2.2 Research

2.3 Bangladesh feasibility

5 5 6

Chapter III : Components and Structural Design

3.1Componets

3.2 Structure (picture and description) 3.2.1: Rack & Pinion

3.2.2: Supporting shaft 3.2.3: Spring

3.2.4: Gear Motor

3.3 Equipment for rectifier circuit 3.3.1: Stripboard

3.3.2: Capacitor (10 micro F/ 50 V) 3.3.3: Diodes

3.3.4: Electric Wires

3.3.5: Assembled Circuit Board 3.4: Assembled Product (Solidworksmodel)

3.5: Energy Storage from Speed Breaker (Actual Design)

7 8 8 8 9 9-10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12-13

Chapter IV : Data collection and calculation

4.1 Data collection and calculation of speed breaker 14-15

4.2 Data collection and calculation of battery 15

Chapter V : Discussion

¹⁶

Chapter VI : Conclusion Reference

17 18

Chapter I

Introduction

I

ncreasing demand of energy adds to the need of identifying non-conventional resources of energy. In my paper, I will discuss about power generation from speed breaker and the possible mechanism required for it.An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources. An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage electricity crisis. While not entering a full crisis, political riots that occurred during the 2007 Burmese antigovernment protests were initially sparked by rising energy prices. Likewise the Russia-Ukraine gas dispute and the Russia-Belarus energy dispute have been mostly resolved before entering a prolonged crisis stage.Market failure is possible when monopoly manipulation of markets occurs. A crisis can develop due to industrial actions like union organized strikes and government embargoes.

The cause may be ageing over-consumption, infrastructure and sometimes bottlenecks at oil refineries and port facilities restrict fuel supply. An emergency may emerge during unusually cold winters. Emerging shortages Crisis that currently exist include. The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for power generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next few decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new sources for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few years. Another major problem, which is becoming the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air. Power stations and automobiles are the major pollution producing places.

Therefore, we have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity without using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products.

There are already is existing such systems usingrenewable energy such as solar wind), OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etc. for power generation. The latest technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy” POWER HUMP

”.

Objective of the Project:

The main aim of this project is to develop a much cleaner cost-effective way of power generation method, which in turns helps to bring down the global warming as well as reduce the power shortages

Chapter II

Literature Review

2.1 Speed breaker

An artificial ridge set crosswise into the surface of a street, parking lot, or driveway to make the operators of vehicles drive at a slow speed. Also called speed hump.The speed breakers lying on roads are utilized to generate renewable energy like electricity, which can be used to illuminate different lights such as the lighting of streetlights, road signals, signboards, etc.

2.2 Research

Modern industrialized civilization mostly depends on energy in the form of electricity. It is going to refractory to produce huge amount of energy. Since the population is rising, the environment is going unbalance by pollution, global warming and different kinds of deregulation of energy usage and wastage. Speed breaker is a newest source of technology to renew the wastage energy of vehicle to electrical energy during the passing time through every speed breaking hump. This paper investigates and analysis two practically implemented process of electricity generation from speed breaker named roller mechanism and rack-pinion mechanism. It can be surely effective to reduce the huge power crisis in the near upcoming days for rapidly development of infrastructure especially for developing country like Bangladesh. Where population is thriving dramatically and vehicles are flourishing proportional with the ascending rate of population. Ultimately the increased vehicle is rising up the wastage of energy and this mechanism picks the wastage energy for renew it to electrical energy by thinking out of box for generation of electricity. Though the amount of electricity depends on the number of vehicle pass over the speed hump and weight of the carrying vehicle which drops on the speed breaker and how much efficiently the system is designed then two different research paper has shown the huge capacity

to generate

electricity. This paper represents a comparative study of both mechanism to find out the best one from them and in-depth analysis will suggest a combined mechanism.

2.3 Bangladesh feasibility

Bangladesh is an emerging nation of South Asia. Although the nation is developing economically, necessity of development in energy sector is also on the rise. The per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is still one of the lowest in the region. In Bangladesh power generation was mono-fuel dependent. About 89.21% of generated power comes from natural gas and the rest is from liquid fuel, coal and hydropower. The present share of renewable energy is only 0.5%.[3] In a developing country like Bangladesh where meeting generation shortage is the primary priority, least cost generation technologies always rule the generation planning. New initiatives and ideas in Renewable Energy sectors are also very much appreciated by the Government from the beginning. That is why a little initiative is presented in this paper to show a probable way to produce electricity which, after further research can be used to make the roads self-sufficient in terms of energy. This paper attempts to show a way of harvesting energy from road speed breakers, which can be a new source of Green Energy. The total number of registered motor vehicles in Bangladesh is over two millions (2491299) up to January 2016 and only in Dhaka the number is 956506 up to January 2016.[4] And in a busy road like Russell Square to Panthapath direction the average daily traffic is 46121 PCU/hr[5]. This large amount of motor vehicles travelling everyday should be dealt with a good traffic system0. As a result speed breakers have become an inevitable part of the day to day traffic system.

Chapter III

Components and Structural Design

3.1 Components Required:

1. Lower Frame 2. Upper Frame 3. Supporting Strand 4. Spring

5. Bearings 6. Rack &Pinion 7. Geared Motor 8. Diode

9. Capacitor

10. Rectifier Bridge 11. Voltage Regulator 12. Battery

13. LED

3.2Structure(Picture and Discription):

Figure 3.2.1: Rack & Pinion Figure 3.2.2: Supporting shaft

3.2.1: Rack and Pinion

We used rack-pinion systemin figure 3.2.1 to rotate an intermediate gear and then the gear will rotate ashaft of a DC motor. The specification of rack- pinion is given bellow.

No of teeth in Rack = 24 No of teeth in Pinion = 42 The gear ratio = 24

42 = 0.57 The gear with motor :

No of teeth = 17 Gear Ratio = 42

17 = 2.47

3.2.3: Spring:

We used round wire helical compression spring shown in figure 3.2.3 for our project. The

Figure 3.2.3: helical Spring

Table 3.1 : Specification of Spring

Coil Dia (D) 77.6 mm

Wire Dia (d) 7.5 mm

Free Length 35 cm

Deflected Length 28.6 cm ( under 184kg load )

Maximum Stress 885.338 MPa

Figure 3.2.4: Gear Motor

Geared motor:

We used a geared motor shown in figure 3.2.4, thus the motor is operated as its reverse feature, as it will act as a generator.

Table 3.2 : Specification of geared motor

Supply Voltage (VAC / Hz) 230 / 50

Output Power ( W) 6

Speed ( RPM ) 1200

Torque ( Ncm ) 5.3

Current ( A ) 0.1

Capacitor ( uF ) 0.6

Mass Weight With Gear ( Kg ) 1.3

3.3 Electrical components:

Figure 3.3.1: Stripboard Figure 3.3.2: Capacitor (10 micro F/ 50 V)

Figure 3.3.3: Diodes Figure3.3.4:Electric Wires

Figure 3.3.5: Assembled Circuit Board

E

11

l

e c t

r i

c

a

l E n

e r

g y

F r

o

m R e

c t

i

f i

e r

C a

p a

c i

t

o r

V o

t

a g e

B a

t t

e r

y

S u p p l

i

e

d

L E

D B

u l

b

Figure 3.4: Assembled Product ( 2D CAD model)

This is concerned with generation of electricity from speed breakers-like set up. The load acted upon the speed breaker - setup is there by transmitted to rack and pinion arrangements.

Here the reciprocating motion of the speedbreaker is converted into rotary motion using the rack and pinion arrangement. The axis of the pinion is coupled with a gear. This gear is meshed a pinion. As the power is transmitted from the gear to the pinion, the speed that is available at the gear is relatively multiplied at the rotation of the pinion.

Figure 3.5: Energy Storage from Speed Breaker (Actual Design)

The axis of the pinion is coupled to a gear arrangement. Here we have two gears with different diameters. The gear (larger dimension) is coupled to the axis of the pinion. Hence the speed that has been multiplied at the smaller sprocket wheel is passed on to this gear of larger dimension. The pinion is meshed to the gear. So as the gear rotates at the multiplied speed of the pinion, the pinion following the gear still multiplies the speed to more intensity.

power is transmitted to gears the speed is multiplied to a higher speed. This speed is sufficient to rotate the rotor of a generator.

The rotor which rotates within a static magnetic stator cuts the magnetic flux surrounding it, thus producing the electric motive force (emf). This generated emf is then sent to a bridge rectifier, where the generated AC current is converted to DC. This regulated emf is now sent to the lead-acid battery .

Chapter IV

Data Collection and Calculation

4.1: Data collection:

Table 4.1 Data collection and calculation of speed breaker

Sl Load Voltage (DC) Current (DC) Power Output P = VI (W)

1 56kg 12V 0.39A 4.68W

2 112kg 42V 0.52A 21.84W

3 184kg 46V 0.67A 31.36W

Input and output Ratio of Load & Power:

1. 4.68w

56kg = 0.0835 ………(a)

For load 56kg

We get power 4.68w and

the ratio of load & power is 0.0835

2. 21.84w

112kg = 0.195 ……….(b)

For load 112kg

We get power 21.84w and the ratio of load & power is 0.195

3. 31.36w

184kg = 0.1704 ………(c)

For load 184kg

We get power 31.36w and

the ratio of load & power is 0.1704

Now we can see that ,

Equation “a” is less then equation “b” but equation “b” is greater then equation “c” and

Ratio,

: eqn “a”<eqn “c’<eqn “b”.

4.2: Data collection:

Table 4.2 Data collection and calculation of battery

Sl Load Load QTY Time(minute) Voltage (V) Time For full charge(12V)

1 56kg 20 3 .5 72 min

2 112kg 15 2 .5 48 min

3 184kg 10 1.5 .5 36 min

Chapter V

^Discussion

Our project is a mechanical and electrical components, where the rack-pinion system is used to rotate an intermediate gear and then the gear will rotate ashaft of a DC motor which shaft is attached to that gear. The motor is operated as itsreverse feature, as it will act as a generator. Thus when a car or any type of vehiclecomes on the platform of our product, the gear rotates due to rack-pinion movementand so does the motor shaft. And that is how we get electricity not using any fuelsource. There are some prototypes in the existence, but our one is better due to thereduction of energy loss, better ascending platform, vibrating reduction, and improved circuit system.

Chapter VI

Conclusion

After complete this project we known about how the designing phase of a product should be started in Product Design, we implemented our accumulated knowledge into this thesis project to bringour product into existence. After surveying, we collected important opinions about our product and tried to accomplish as much as possible.Product Design course has helped us gain the basic idea of the product development phase- from developing the idea to finally implementing it. We have learnedthat a mere idea can open tremendous opportunities and if we can manipulate it systematicallyit can provide benefits to both the Government and energy sector. Developing an idea is art and Product Design.

The purpose of this project is to design and implementation of reliable environmental friendly renewable energy source using foot step power generation to reduce the energy shortfalls.

Several developing countries and newly developed countries have numerous hours of daily energy shortages in almost all cities and towns that increase electricity production. People in these countries use a solar inverter for charging batteries or an electrical power generator at home during the electricity shortfall which creates smoke and noise pollution. For this purpose, backup generators are popular in industries and IT stations. This eventually increases the power shortage. Power cuts are also very dangerous when road and road traffic lights cause serious accidents.

References

[1] Varghese, J., &Karikottil, P. (August 2017). Footstep Power Generation. International Journal of Recent Innovation in Engineering and Research, 2(8), 2456 – 2084, 11-17.

Retrieved April 20, 2018.

[2] Adhithan, A., Vignesh, K., andManikandan, M. (2015). Proposed Method of Foot Step Power Generation. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(4).

[3] Ankita, MeenuBala, Power generation from speed breaker, International Journal Of Advance Research In Science And Engineering (IJARSE), 2 (2), 2013.)

[4] V. Aswathaman, M. Priyadharshini., “Every speed breaker is now a source of power”, International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry IPCBEE, vol.1, IACSIT Press, Singapore, pages 234 -236, 2011.

[5] R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta, S.Chand.A Textbook of Machine Design –publications.

[6] Dürr, M., Cruden, A., Gair, S., & McDonald, J. R. (2006). A dynamic model of a lead acid battery for use in a domestic fuel cell system. Journal of power sources, 161(2), 1400- 1411.

[7] Alok Kumar Singh, Deepak Singh, Madhawendra Kumar, Vijay Pandit, Generation of Electricity through Speed Breaker Mechanism; International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET, 2(2), 2013, 20-24.)

[8] Richard G. Budynas, J. Keith Nisbett, Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, 10^th Ed, New York, McGraw Hill, Inc.

[10] S. Srivastava, A. Asthana, “Produce electricity by the use of speed breakers”, Journal of engineering research and studies, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pages 163-165, April-June 2011.

[11]. Sharma.P.C ,Principle of renewable energy systems (Public printing service, New Delhi, 2003).

[12]. Sharma.P.C, Non-Conventional power plants (Public printing service, New Delhi, 2003).