WELCOME TO
ICT CLASS
ICT for XI-XII
Monir Ahmed
Asst Prof, Dept of ICT
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka
Chapter 5: C Programming (Part# 2)
1. Translator Program:
a. Assembler, b. Compiler, c. Interpreter
2. Program Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Last Topic was:
Today’s Topic is:
Chapter 5: C Programming (Part# 3)
▪ Algorithm
▪ Flowchart
A¨vjMwi`g A_© av‡c av‡c mgm¨v mgvavb| A_©vr GKwU mgm¨v‡K K‡qKwU av‡c †f‡O cÖ‡Z¨KwU avc ch©vqµ‡g mgvavb K‡i mgMÖ mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv| mgm¨v mgvav‡bi GB
†hŠw³K ch©vqµg‡K A¨vjMwi`g ejv nq|
Ab¨ K_vq, †h c×wZ‡Z av‡c av‡c AMÖmi n‡q †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv nq Zv‡K A¨vjMwi`g ejv nq|
A¨vjMwi`g n‡”Q GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi cwiKíbv I †hŠw³K web¨v‡mi wjwLZ eY©bv| A_©vr mgm¨vi we‡kølY, cÖ‡qvRbxq DcvË msMÖn, ‡WUv ev Kv‡Ri cÖevn, kZ© Av‡ivc BZ¨vw`
wehq¸‡jv ch©vqµ‡g A¨vjMwi`‡g D‡jøL Kiv _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y †cÖvMÖvgviMY †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi c~‡e© A¨vjMwi`g ˆZwi K‡i _v‡Kb|
A¨vjMwi`g (Algorithm)
• A¨vjMwi`‡g k~b¨, GK ev GKvwaK BbcyU _vK‡Z n‡e|
• Aek¨B Kgc‡ÿ GKwU AvDUcyU _vK‡Z n‡e|
• A¨vjMwi`g mnR‡eva¨ n‡Z n‡e|
• cÖ‡Z¨KwU avc ¯úó n‡Z n‡e|
• wbw`©ó msL¨K av‡c mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡Z n‡e|
• G‡K e¨vcKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|
• †g‡gvwi‡Z Kg ¯_vb †bqv DwPZ|
• `ªæZ wbe©vn‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|
A¨vjMwi`g (Algorithm) Gi ˆewkó¨
D`vniY-1 : wZbwU msL¨vi †hvMdj Ges Mo wbY©‡qi A¨vjMwi`g|
avc-1 : ïiæ Kwi|
avc-2 : msL¨v wZbwU BbcyU †`B|
avc-3 : msL¨v wZbwUi †hvMdj †ei Kwi|
avc-4 : †hvMdj‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i Mo wbY©q Kwi|
avc-5 : †hvMdj Ges Mo QvcvB|
avc-6 : †kl Kwi|
A¨vjMwi`g (Algorithm) Gi D`vniY
Example: Algorithm to
determinate The Summation and Average of three integers.
Step-1: Start
Step-2: Input a,b,c
Step-3: Calculate sum=a+b+c Step-3: Calculate avg=s/3
Step-4: Print sum and avg Step-5: End
†cÖvMÖv‡gi aib Ges Kvh©cÖYvjx m¤^wjZ wKQy wb‡`©k ev †÷U‡g‡›Ui mgv‡ek‡K my‡Wv‡KvW ejv nq| Pseudo GKwU MÖxKkã| Gi A_© QÙ ev hv mZ¨ bq|
Pseudocode-Gi gva¨‡g GKwU †cÖvMÖvg‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq †hb mK‡j Zv mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i| my›`i I mnR Bs‡iwR fvlvq mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cÖwZwU avc eY©bv Kiv _v‡K|
my‡Wv‡KvW‡K A‡bK‡ÿ‡Î A¨vjMwi`‡gi weKí wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
my‡Wv‡KvW (Pseudocode)
D`vniY-1: wZbwU msL¨vi Mo †ei Kivi Rb¨ m~‡Wv‡KvW|
START
INPUT a,b,c Total = a+b+c
Average = Total/3 PRINT Average STOP
m~‡Wv‡KvW (Pseudocode) Gi D`vniY
†cÖvMÖvg ˆZwii avivevwnK cÖwµqv ev avcmg~n‡K wbw`©ó wKQz cÖZxK ev wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
Dc¯’vcb Kiv‡K †d¬vPvU© e‡j| cÖZxK¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i µgvbymv‡i web¨¯Í K‡i Zxi wPý Øviv mshy³ K‡i †d¬vPvU© ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq|
A¨vjMwi`‡gi wPÎiƒc n‡jv †d¬vPvU© ev cÖevnwPÎ| †d¬vPvU© †cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖK…wZ I avivevwnKZv eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
†d¬vPvU© (Flowchart)
GKwU Av`k© †d¬vPv‡U© wb¤œwjwLZ ˆewkó¨mg~n we`¨gvb-
• mn‡R †cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ †evSv hvq|
• †cÖvMÖv‡gi fyj wbY©‡q mnvqZv K‡i|
• †cÖvMÖvg cwieZ©b Ges cwiea©‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
• †cÖvMÖvg iPbvq mnvqZv K‡i|
• mn‡R I ms‡ÿ‡c RwUj †cÖvMÖvg †jLv hvq|
†d¬vPv‡U©i ˆewkó¨ (Characteristics of Flowchart)
• †d¬vPvU© ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ cÖPwjZ cÖZxK e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖZx‡Ki mv‡_ mswÿß gšÍe¨ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• †d¬vPvU© ˆZwi Kivi mgq ms‡hvM wPý hZ Kg nq ZZB fvj| †ewk ms‡hvM †iLvi ¯’‡j ms‡hvM cÖZxK e¨envi Kiv fv‡jv|
• cÖwZwU wP‡ýi †jLv ms‡ÿc I mnR‡eva¨ nIqv DwPZ|
• cÖevn‡iLvi †Q` b~¨bZg nIqv evÃbxq|
• GKvwaK cÖevn‡iLv ci¯úi †Q` Ki‡jI Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv jwRK¨vj m¤úK© †evSv‡e bv|
• Zxi wPý †WUv ev wb‡`©‡ki cÖev‡ni w`K mvaviYZ Dci †_‡K wb‡P A_ev evg n‡Z Wvb w`‡K AMÖmi nq|
• wPý¸‡jvi AvKvi †QvU ev eo n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e ˆewkó¨ AvK…wZi cwieZ©b n‡e bv|
• †d¬vPvU© we‡kl †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv AbyKi‡Y ˆZwi Kiv hv‡e bv|
• †d¬vPv‡U©i †Kv‡bv As‡ki eY©bv cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †m As‡ki Rb¨ c„_K †d¬vPvU© e¨envi Kiv nq|
• †d¬vPvU© hZ`~i m¤¢e GK c„ôvq AuvKv DwPZ|
†d¬vPvU© ‰Zwi Kivi wbqgvewj (Rules of Drawing Flowchart)
†d¬vPvU© cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi| †hgb-
1| wm‡÷g †d¬vPvU© (System Flowchart): †Kv‡bv mgMÖ wm‡÷‡gi
wµqvKjvcmg~n, wm×všÍ I BbcyU-AvDUcyUmg~n‡K GKmv‡_ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
†d¬vPvU©‡K wm‡÷g †d¬vPvU© e‡j|
2| †cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPvU© (Program Flowchart): wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv KvR ev Kv‡Ri Askwe‡kl (we‡klZ †Kv‡bv mdUIq¨vi ev †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi †ÿ‡Î) mgvav‡bi cÖwµqv Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ †d¬vPvU©‡K †cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPvU© e‡j|
†d¬vPv‡U©i cÖKvi‡f`
†cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPv‡U© e¨eüZ cÖZxK¸‡jv A_©mn †`qv n‡jv-
†cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPv‡U© e¨eüZ cÖZxKmg~n
D`vniY-1: wZbwU msL¨vi †hvMdj I Mo wbY©‡qi †d¬vPvU©
†cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPv‡U©i D`vniY
†d¬vPv‡U©i †gŠwjK MVb (Basic Structure of Flowchart)
†d¬vPvU© ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î Pvi ai‡bi †gŠwjK MVb i‡q‡Q| †hgb-
▪ mij Abyµg (Simple sequence)
▪ wbe©vPb (Selection )
▪ jyc ev Pµ (Repetition or loop)
▪ Rv¤ú (Jump )
†d¬vPv‡U©i †gŠwjK MVb: mij Abyµg (Simple sequence)
GwU GKwU mij ÷ªvKPvi| GB ÷ªvKPv‡i mKj wb‡`©k¸‡jv wbe©v‡ni Abyµ‡g mvRv‡bv _v‡K|
†d¬vPv‡U©i †gŠwjK MVb: wbe©vPb (Selection)
†hme †ÿ‡Î wm×v‡šÍi cÖ‡qvRb nq ev Zzjbv K‡i Kvh© wbe©vn Ki‡Z nq, †m‡ÿ‡Î GB
÷ªvKPvi e¨eüZ nq|
†d¬vPv‡U©i †gŠwjK MVb: jyc ev Pµ (Repetition or loop)
†cÖvMÖv‡g GKB ai‡bi KvR evievi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j jyc ev Pµ e¨envi Kiv nq|
†d¬vPv‡U©i †gŠwjK MVb: Rv¤ú (Jump)
†cÖvMÖv‡g mij Abyµg‡K f½ K‡i †cÖvMÖv‡gi g‡a¨ GK jvBb †_‡K cieZx© jvB‡b bv wM‡q Dc‡i ev wb‡P Ab¨ †Kv‡bv jvBb †_‡K KvR ïiæ Ki‡j Zv‡K Rv¤ú e‡j|
Yes Condition? No
Topic on Next Class
• GKwU wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU© ˆZwi|
• GKwU e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU© ˆZwi|
• dv‡ibnvBU ZvcgvÎv‡K †mjwmqvm †¯‹‡j iƒcvšÍ‡ii A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU© ˆZwi|
G‡mv wb‡R‡K hvPvB Kwi: ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| †KvbwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi avivevwnK Kv‡Ri wPÎwfwËK Dc¯’vcb?
K. A¨vjMwi`g L. my‡Wv‡KvW M. †cÖvMvg †d¬vPvU© N. wm‡÷g †d¬vPvU©
2| †KvbwU A¨vjMwi`‡gi ˆewkó¨ bq?
K. Kgc‡ÿ GKwU BbcyU _vK‡e L. wbw`©ó msL¨K av‡c mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡Z n‡e|
M. Kgc‡ÿ GKwU AvDUcyU _vK‡e N. `ªæZ wbe©vn‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|
3| †d¬vPvU© ˆZwii mvaviY MVb n‡”Q- i. wm‡jKkb
ii. wiwc‡Ukb iii. Rv¤ú
†KvbwU mwVK?
K. i, ii L. i, iii M. ii, iii N. i, ii, iii 4| †d¬vPvU© ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î i¤^m AvK…wZi wPýwU Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
K. BbcyU L. cÖwµqvKiY M. kZ© ev wm×všÍ N. AvDUcyU 5| †KvbwU †d¬vPv‡U©i ‰ewkó¨?
K. †h‡Kv‡bv cÖZxK e¨envi Kiv hvq L. cÖZx‡Ki mv‡_ gšÍe¨ †`qv hv‡e bv
M. wPý¸‡jvi AvKvi †QvU-eo n‡Z cv‡i N. †h‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv AbyKiY Kiv hvq
