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p ogramMEGA( Molekule rEvolusione rGeneitcAnalysis) .
i b a b a s g n a b a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m k if it o n e f n a r u p m a c s i s il a n a l i s a H k if it o n e f n a i n r u m e K . ) % 0 2 ( c o r u D i b a b a s g n a b n a a m a s e k i k il i m e m e ri h s k r o Y g n i s a
m -masing bangsa bab i ialah bangsa Berkshrie (88,24%) , bangsa Duroc s i s il a n a l i s a H . ) % 0 0 , 8 6 ( e ri h s k r o Y n a d ) % 3 1 , 9 8 ( e c a r d n a L a s g n a b , ) % 6 3 , 6 8 ( t a p m e e k i r a d h u b u t i g o l o f r o m a d e b m e p h a b u e p r o t k a f n a k k u j n u n e m l a k i n o n a k n a d a l a p e k g n a j n a p , a l a p e k r a b e l , a g n il e t g n a j n a p , a g n il e t r a b e l h a l a i i b a b a s g n a b a r a J . r o k e g n a j n a
p k geneitk Mahalanobi s menunjukkan bahwa bangsa bab i , t a k e d g n a y k it e n e g k a r a j i k il i m e m e ri h s k r o Y i b a b a s g n a b n a g n e d e ri h s k r e B k a r a j i k il i m e m e c a r d n a L i b a b a s g n a b n a g n e d c o r u D i b a b a s g n a b a y n k il a b e s . h u a j g n a y k it e n e g n e g k a r a j ,i g o l o fr o m , i b a b : i c n u k a t a
T C A R T S B A
4 1 0 2 , R O H A N R A J N A B O R T E
N :Geneitc Dsitance Esitmaiton and Variable l
a it n e r e ff i
D Facto ro fpig breed s(Berkshire ,Duroc ,Landrace and Yorkshire ) s
c i rt e m o h p r o M h g u o r h
t analysis .Unde rsupervisied by USMAN BUD Iand .
N A D M A H
c it e n e
G distance sprovidel tilteoppo truntiyto obtain hetero issi n crosses . Therefore the geneitc distance be a guide in conducitng cros .s Research on
c it e n e g e h t e t a m it s e d n a s e l b a i r a v g n it a it n e r e ff i d s r o t c a f y fi t n e d i o t d e t c u d n o c
s d e e r b g i p e h t n e e w t e b e c n a t s i
d (Berkshrie ,Duroc ,Landrace and Yorkshire) . p
u S e h t n i d e t c u d n o c s a w h c r a e s e r s i h
T erio r Livestock Breeding Center , g
i p e r i h s k r e B 7 1 g n i s u g n o r o b g n o r o b i
S s ,22 Duroc pigs , 46 Landrace pig sand s
g i p e r i h s k r o Y 5
2 .Datacollecitonwa sdonebymeasuringt heobservedvariable s l i a t ,t s e h c n i , h t r i g t s e h c , h t g n e l y d o b , h t d i w p i h , t h g i e h p i h , t h g i e h r e d l u o h s e r a
e c n e r e f m u c ri c k c e n , h t g n e
l ,head length ,head width ,ea rlength and ea rwidth . g n is u s i s y l a n a t n a n i m i r c s i d e l p m i s a g n i s u d e s s e c o r p e r e w d e n i a t b o a t a d e h
T the
r g o r p S A
S am (Staitsitca lAnalysi sSystem )and Dendogram using the program (
A G E
M MolecularEvoluitonaryGeneitcAnalysis).
e r i h s k r o Y e r u t x i m y ll a c i p y t o n e h p e h t t a h t w o h s s i s y l a n a e h t f o s tl u s e r e h T
n i e v a h s g i
p common breed sDuroc pig s(20%) .Phenotypically purtiy o feach e c a r d n a L , ) % 6 3 . 6 8 ( s g i p c o r u D , ) % 4 2 . 8 8 ( s g i p e r i h s k r e B f o s d e e r b a s i s d e e r b
.) % 0 0 . 8 6 ( s g i p e r i h s k r o Y d n a ) % 3 1 . 9 8 ( s g i
p Theresutl soft hecanonica lanalysi s ir
a v d e w o h
s abledisitnguishing f acto rbodymorphology i sea rwidth ,earl ength , .
h t g n e l li a t d n a h t g n e l d a e h , h t d i w d a e
h Mahalanobi sgeneitcdistance showed e
r i h s k r e B s d e e r
b wtih breed sYorkshire ha sa close geneitc distance ,whlie the c
o r u D s d e e r
b w tihbreed sLandraceha sageneitcdi tsanceaway.
l o h p r o m , g i p : s d r o w y e
N
A
U
L
U
H
A
D
N
E
P
g n a k a l e B r a t a L
k a n r e t h a l a d a i b a
B monogastric dan bersfia tproilifc (banyak anak itap
t a p a d h a d u s n a l u b m a n e r u m u m a l a d n a d t a p e c a y n n a h u b m u tr e p , ) n a ri h a l e k
a s i s i a g a b r e b i s r e v n o k g n e m m a l a d n e i s if e i b a b k a n r e t u ti n i a l e S . n a k r a s a p i d
a h il i d a k i J . g n i g a d i d a j n e m n a i n a tr e
p tdar isfia tkuanttiait fdan kualtiait fmaka
.t u b e s r e t k a n r e t n a a d e b r e p t a p a r e t n a k a
e s g n il a p a i n u d i d l a n e k r e t i b a b a s g n a b 7 8 k a y n a b e s i r a
D diki t10 bangsa
n a k g n a b m e k i d h a l e
t d i Indonesia antara lain Landrace , Yorkshrie , Duroc ,
a B . k c a B e l d a S n a d , h tr o w m a
T b iin iumumnya sudah berupa persliangan yang
n a k u m e ti d t il u s i n r u m a s g n a b a g g n i h e s l a i s r e m o k n a a h a s u r e p a d a p n a k a h a s u i d
t a fi s i k il i m e m t u b e s r e t i b a b a s g n a B . ) 1 8 9 1 , g n a n o ti r A
( -sfia t kualtiait f yang
a y n a s g n a b m a l a d m a g a r e s fi t a l e r n a d a d e b r e b
) 8 7 9 1 , y e l s a L
( .
t a fi
S -sfia tyang diinginkan peternak adalah sfia tyang bermanfaa tatau
r i h a l t a a s n a k a n a t o b o b n a d h a l m u j ,i g g n it i s k u d o r p a y a d i tr e p e s , n a k g n u t n u g n e m
n a a n u g g n e p i s n e i s if e a tr e s h a d n e r s a ti l a tr o m , t a p e c n a h u b m u tr e p u a t a , k i a b g n a y
( i g g n it g n a y n a n a k a
m FahmydanBernard ,1972) .
i s k e l e s n a g n e d s it e n e g n a k i a b r e p i u l a l e m n a k t a k g n it i d k a n r e t s a ti v it k u d o r P
. ) 8 7 9 1 , y e l s a L ( a y n n a g n u k g n il n a k i a b r e p i u l a l e m a tr e s n a n i w a k r e p n a d
a k a m n a k n i g n ii d g n a y s a ti v it k u d o r p t a k g n it n a r a s a s i a p a c n e m k u t n U
n e n e p r o t k a f a u m e
s tu dikaj i potensinya dan melalu i tehnik pelaksanaan
t a r a y s n a p a r e n e p i u l a l e m a y n k e p s o r p n a k l a m a ri
d -syara tmutu bibi tyang lazim
k u t n u n a k t a a f n a m i d t a p a d p it o n e f n a a d e b r e p e d o t e m u t a s h a l a S
h a t e g n e
m u i jarak geneitk adalah anailsi s keragaman (Komenes , 1999) .
n a i g a b r u k u g n e m n a g n e d i u h a t e k i d t a p a d p it o n e f n a m a g a r e
K -bagian tubuh atau
n a k a d e b m e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d h u b u t n a r u k u n a r u k u g n e P . k ir t e m o f r o m
g a r e k s i s il a n a . h u b u t k u t n e b n u p u a m n a r u k u k i a b n a m a g a r e
k aman dan korelas i
t a fi s n a g n u b u h i s a s ir e t k a r a k g n e m m a l a d n a k a n u g i d k a y n a
b -sfia t fenoitp dan
. ) 2 0 0 2 , e r e g N n a d o k a l a S ( k it e n e g
n a k it a h r e p i d g n a y a y n u t a s h a l a s k a n r e t i s k u d o r p n a k t a k g n i n e m k u t n U
a t a b a r e k e k n a g n u b u h i k il i m e m g n a y k a n r e t , k it e n e g r o t k a f h a l a
i n yang deka t
m a l a d s i s o r e t e h n a k t a k g n i n e m k u t n u a y n g n a u l e p l i c e k n a k a a g u d i d t a p a d
k a r a j n a k it a h r e p i d u lr e p n a n i w a k r e p n a k u k a l e m m u l e b e s a k a M . a y n n a g n a li s r e p
l u g g n u h i b e l g n a y t a fi s n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n u n a u j u tr e b i n i l a H . k a n r e t r a t n a k it e n e g
n u g n a m g n a y u a t
a tungkan.
i b a b i s k u d o r p a rt n e s u t a s h a l a s n a k a p u r e m i l u n a p a T h a r e a
D .Bab iyang
e ri h k s r e B n a d e ri h s k r o Y , c o r u D , e c a r d n a L h a l a i i s k u d o r p i d g n ir e
s . Keempa t
g n o r o b i S U T P B i r a d n a k t a p a d i d n a d i s k u d o r p i d i n i a s g n a
b -borong . Ha l in i
m h a d u m r e p m e
m asyaraka tdalam mendapatkan bibi tuntuk beternak dan untuk
n a h u t u b e k i h u n e m e
m masyaraka takankebutuhanproteinhewani .
Untuk meningkatkan produks ibab i itdak cukup hanya pembeiran pakan ,
n e m e j a n a
m ilngkungan melainkan fakto rgeneitk .Hubungan kekerabatan yang
u a t a t a k e
d jarak geneitk yang rendah memiilk i peluang yang keci l untuk
t a fi s n a k t a p a d n e
m -sfia tyang unggul .Makapelru diketahuij arak geneitknya dar i
k it e n e g k a r a J . n a g n a li s r e p n a k u k a l e m m u l e b e s t u b e s r e t a s g n a b t a p m a e e
k bisa
n a m o d e p i d a j n e
n a it il e n e P n a u j u T
n a k a d e b m e m t a p a d g n a y h a b u e p , k ir t e m o f r o m n a m a g a r e k i u h a t e g n e M
n a d ) e ri h s k r e B n a d e ri h s r o Y , c o r u D , e c a r d n a L ( i b a b a s g n a b t a p m e i r a d
) e ri h s k r e B , e ri s h k r o Y , c o r u D , e c a r d n a L ( i b a b k it e n e g k a r a j i s a m it s e g n e m
l e m m a l a d n a m o d e p i d a j n e m a g g n i h e
s akukanpersliangan .
n a it il e n e P s i s e t o p i H
, e ri h s k r o Y , c o r u D , e c a r d n a L ( i b a b k ir t e m o f r o m n a m a g a r e k a y n a d A
. k it e n e g k a r a j t a h il r e t t a p a d n a d a d e b m e p h a b u e p r o t k a f t a p a d r e t n a k a ) e ri h s k r e B
n a it il e n e P n a a n u g e K
i n u p u a m t a k a r a y s a m i g a b i s a m r o f n i n a h a b i a g a b e
S nstans ipemeirntah
, e c a r d n a L ( i b a b k a n r e t n a a il u m e p n a k a ji b e k n a k u t n e n e m m a l a d t i a k r e t g n a y
n e s o d , a w s i s a h a m ( k i m e d a k a n a g n a l a k i g a b a tr e s ) e ri h s k r e B , e ri h s k r o Y , c o r u D
a g n a b m it r e p n a h a b u a t a n a k t u j n a l e m m a l a d ) it il e n e p a r a p n a
d ndalammenerapkan
p e s n o
A
K
A
T
S
U
P
N
A
U
A
J
N
I
T
i b a B
m a l a d a y n n a k u d u d e k a m a s g n a y k it s ir e t k a r a k i k il i m e m i b a b a u m e S
w e h a k it a m e t s i
s a n.Sihombing( 1997 )menyatakans ebaga ibeirku t:
m u li
F :Chordata m
u li F b u
S :Vetrebrata(be trulangbelakang) , a
g r a
M :Gnatostomata(mempunyair ahang) , s
a l e
K :Mamaila(menyusu )i , o
d r
O :Aritodactyla(bejrar/iberkukugenap) , s
u n e
G : Sus , : s
e i c e p
S Su sscrofa ,Su svittatus/Su ssrtozzil ,Su sc irstatus, Su s x
a t s y m o c u e
l , Su s celebensis , Su s verrucosus , Su s s
u t a b r a b
Sfiat-sfia t ifsik yang tampak pada bab iadalah warna tubuh ,besa rdan
n a k g n o l o g i d u l u b a n r a w n a k r a s a d r e b k i s if t a fi S . a s a w e d t a p e c a tr e s k u m e g
h a r e m e k u a t a t a l k o c , m a ti h , h it u p : i n k a y , 5 i d a j n e
m -merahan , berselempang
(betled ) dan bercak-bercak (spotted) . S fia t ifsik yang tampak pada bab i
r a s e b i b a b e p it : i n k a y , 2 i d a j n e m i g a b i d t a p a d n a k u m e g e k n a d r a s e b n a k r a s a d r e b
a s a w e d t a b m a l n a d r a s e b i b a b a li b u ti a
y (cold blood atau itperainbow) ,dan itpe
d n a k g n o l o g i d a s a w e d t a p e c n a d l i c e k i b a b a li b u ti a y l i c e k i b a
b alambab iberdarah
s a n a
p (ho tblood atau chuffy) .Sedangkan sfia t ifsik yang tampak pada bab i
n a t a p e c e k u j a l m a l a d i b a b n a g n o l o g g n e p a y n it r a a s a w e d n a t a p e c e k n a k r a s a d r e b
a k a n a T ( a s a w e d p a h a t i a p a c n e m k u t n u i b a
b e tal ,1980 .)
e c a r d n a L i b a B
i b a
B landracemerupakan bab iyang berasa ldar iDenmark, t ermasuk bab i
n o c a
b yang berkualtia s itngi . Bab i Landrace sanga t popule r sehingga
i n k a y , a i s e n o d n I n a d , a il a rt s u A , t a k ir e S a k ir e m A i d a g u j n a k g n a b m e k i
n a il a rt s u A n a d e c a r d n a
L Landarce . Bab i in i berwarna puith , terkena l bab i
a y n i k a k a g u j n a d , s u l a h u l u b , r a b e l , r a s e b , r u s u b i tr e p e s g n a j n a p h u b u tr e b
t a g n a s l a n e k r e t i n i i b a B . g n a j n a
p pro ifilk hinggakin ibabii ni j uga yang t erbukt i
a y n k u s u r g n a l u T . i g g n it a y n g n i g a d e s a t n e s e r p a tr e s , n a ri h a l e k r e p k a y n a b g n il a p
16-17 pasang dan sampa ikin ipuitng susu bab iin liah yang terbanyak diantara
0 2 3 r a ti k e s t o b o b r e b a s a w e d n a t n a j i b a B . l u g g n u i b a b a s g n a
b -410 kg dan i nduk
0 5 2 t o b o b r e
b -340 kg .Kelemahan bab iin iadalah kak ibelakang yang lemah
a d , g n it n u b k u d n i t a a s a m a t u r e
t nhasi ldagingyangpucat( Sihombing ,2006 .)
. a w e m it s i t a g n a s g n a y n o c a b e p it i b a b n a k a p u r e m e c a r d n a L i b a B
n a g n e d n a g n a li s r e p m a l a d n a k a n u g i d k a y n a B . h it u p a n r a w r e b , g n a j n a p a y n n a d a B
i b a
b -bab id iAsiaTenggara .Babii n imempunya ikelemahanpadakak idankurang
.) 4 9 9 1 , o m o tr a W ( ir a h a t a m r a n i s p a d a h r e t n a h a t
ir i
C -cri iyang dimiilk ibab ilandrace tubuh panjang ,besa r l(ebar )dan
n a g n e d , g n a j n a p k a g a l i c e k a l a p e k , s u l a h g n a y u l u b n a g n e d h it u p a n r a w , m a l a d
e p e s k u t n e b m e m g n u g g n u p , g n a j n a p r e h e l ,i a l u k r e t a g n il e
t tr ibusur ,bahur atadan
u s u s g n it t u p , ti m u t n a d t a l u b g n a y a h a p n a g n e d , t a u k n a d k i a b a y n k a t e l i k a k , s u l a h
6-7buah ( Sinaga ,2010 .)
c o r u D i b a B
s d e R y e s r e J u ti a y i b a b a s g n a b a u d i r a d n a g n a li s r e p n a k a p u r e m c o r u D i b a B
e m a y n a n r a W . k r o Y w e N i r a d c o r u D n a g n e
d rah t erang hingga gelap dan merah
n u k u k m a ti h a y n u k u k , y r r e h
c ya pada tdan proilifc ,setra mudah srtes sterhadap
b a B . n a g n u k g n il n a h a b u r e
p iduroc beitna memiilk i iltte rsize yang itnggi .Bab i
5 9 2 t o b o b r e b a y n m u m u a s a w e d n a t n a
j – 455 kg, i nduk umunyaberbobo tsektia r
5 7
ir i
C -cri iyang dimiilk ibab iDuroc ialah tubuh panjang dan besar ,warna
g n u g g n u p , a u t h a r e m i p a m a s a d u m h a r e m i r a d i a l u m i s a ir a v r e b g n a y h a r e m
n it r e t k it it n a g n e d r o k e i a p m a s r e h e l i r a d i a l u m i d g n a y r u s u b k u t n e b r e
b gg id i
k a g a a y n n a k u m n a d n a p e d e k i a l u k r e t a g n il e t n a g n e d g n a d e s a l a p e k , h a g n e t
.) 0 1 0 2 , a g a n i S ( g n u k e c
e r i h s k r o Y i b a B
g n a y a d a a r a g e N a p a r e b e b i d n a d s ir g g n i i r a d l a s a r e b e ri h s k r o Y i b a B
a s g n a b a d a p a d e b r e b g n a y e p it a u d a d A . e ti h W e g r a L a y n n a k a m a n e
m Yorksh rie
i p a t e t h it u p e ri h s k r o Y a n r a W . e ri h s k r o Y e l d d i M n a d e ri h s k r o Y e g r a L u ti a y
a d r e t a y n a l a k a d
a pa ttoto lpigmen htiam d ikulti setra memiilk ikualtia sdaging
0 2 3 r a ti k e s t o b o b r e b a s a w e d n a t n a j i b a B . i g g n it g n a
y – 455 kg dan induk
5 2 2 r a ti k e s t o b o b r e
b – 365kg( Sihombing ,2006 .)
u r e m e ri h s k r o Y i b a
B pakanbab ibesar ,panjang ,danberwarnahpuith .Bab i
i n i i b a b , k i p o rt h a r e a d i D . k i a b g n a y n a k a p n a a n u g g n e p i s n e i s if e i a y n u p m e m i n i
r a n i s a y n k ir e t p a d a h r e t a k e p a y n n a h a m e l e k , k r o p l i s a h g n e p i a g a b e s n a k a n u g i d
t a
m ahair( Watromo ,1994 .)
Y i b a
B orksh rie dikena ldengan large whtie ,in iberwarna puith dengan
.) 0 1 0 2 , a g a n i S ( i g g n it a y n s a k r a k e s a t n e s r e p , k a g e t a g n il e t ,l a v o a k u m
e r i h s k r e B i b a B
, m a ti h a n r a w r e b , r a s e b n a r u k u r e b g n a y i b a b n a k a p u r e m e ri h s k r e B i b a B
n a p g n o c n o
m jangdanbengkok ,badanpanjangdengankak iyangpendek .Dewasa
, g n a d e s n a r u k u r e b n r e d o m e ri h s k r e B i b a b a y n a d a n a k g n a b m e k i d h a l e t i n i
a y n n a g n il e T . a y n r o k e n a d i k a k , g n u d i h i d h it u p g n a l e b n a g n e d m a ti h a n r a w r e b
e F no itifk
. e p it o n e f t u b e s i d n a w e h r o k e e s n a k i s e r p s k e i d g n a y t a fi s p a it e S t a fi s i s a k if it n e d i g n e m a k g n a r m a l a d n a t a i g e k n a k a p u r e m i s a s ir e t k a r a
K -sfia t
. n a t u k g n a s r e b g n a y s a t e ir a v i r a d i ri c n e p u a t a , s i m o n o k e i a li n r e b g n a y g n it n e p k a r a c e s n a k u k a li d i s a s ir e t k a r a
K uanttiait fdankualtiatfi (Noor .2008) .
p it o n e g n a d p it o n e f n a a d e b r e p a y n a d a t a h il e m n a g n e d e d o t e m u t a s h a l a S k a r a j i u h a t e g n e m k u t n u n a k t a a f n a m i d a g u j t a p a d i s a t u m n a d i s k e l e s a y n a d a t a b i k a . ) 9 9 9 1 , s e n e m o K ( n a m a g a r e k s i s il a n a h a l a d a k it e n e g e F n a m a g a r e
K no itp
t a p a d g n a y n a m a g a r e k n a k a p u r e m p it o n e f n a m a g a r e k a y n r a s a d a d a P . n a g n u k g n il n a m a g a r e k n a d k it e n e g n a m a g a r e k a y n a d a h e l o n a k b a b e s i d i t a m a i d r a t n a i s k a r e t n i t a b i k a l u b m it g n a y n a m a g a r e k h a l a d a a y n n i a l n a m a g a r e k r e b m u S u k g n il r o t k a f n a g n e d c it e n e g r o t k a
f ngan .Keragamangeneitkbisadisebabkanoleh
n e
g -gen adiit fdan j ugagen yang itdak adtifi .Aks igen yang itdak adtifii n ibisa
p a k g n e l a r a c e s i d a J . s i s a t s i p e n e g i s k a n a d n a n i m o d n e g i s k a h e l o a k b a b e s i d it i d a n a m a g a r e k h e l o i h u r a g n e p i d k i p it o n e f n a m a g a r e
k f ,keragamangendominan ,
, m il k i r o t k a f ( n a g n u k g n il n a m a g a r e k , n a g n u k g n il n a d c it e n e g i s k a r e t n i n a m a g a r e k s i s a t s i p e n e g n a m a g a r e k n a d ) n e m e j a n a m m e t s y s n a d t i k a y n e p , n a n a k a m , a c a u c n a d k i p it o n e f n a m a g a r e k n a k a d e b i d i s a l u p o p m a l a d n a m a g a r e K . ) 5 9 9 1 , r o o N ( e
k ragamangeneitk( Noor ,2008 .)
is a s i r e t k a r a K
t a fi s i s a k if it n e d i g n e m a k g n a r m a l a d n a t a i g e k n a k a p u r e m i s a s ir e t k a r a
K
-n u p m u r i r a d i ri c n e p n a k a p u r e m g n a y u a t a , s i m o n o k e i a li n r e b g n a y g n it n e p t a fi s
s u r a h g n a y g n it n e p h a k g n a l n a k a p u r e m i s a s ir e t k a r a K . n a t u k g n a s r e b g n a y
o l e g n e p n a k u k a l e m n a k a a li b a p a h u p m e ti
d laan sumberdaya geneitk secara baik
. ) 5 0 0 2 , i d m a h C (
t a fi S . fi t a ti l a u k n a d f it a ti t n a u k a r a c e s n a k u k a li d t a p a d i s a a s ir e t k a r a K
t a fi s h a l a d a f it a ti t n a u
k -sfia tproduks idanr eproduks iatau sfia tyang dapa tdiukur .
a s a p k a y n a b h e l o n a k u t n e ti d i n i t a fi s i s e r p s k
E ngan gen dan dipengaruh ioleh
, n a k a p , m il k i( l a n r e t s k e n u p u a m ) s k e s n a d r u m u ( l a n r e t n i k i a b , n a g n u k g n il
.) 8 0 0 2 , r o o N ( ) n a a l o l e g n e p n a d t i k a y n e p
n a r u k
U -ukuran tubuh se irng dipaka i secara ru itn sebaga i paramete r
e s , k a n r e t p u d i h t o b o b a g u d n e m m a l a d i t n a g g n e
p dangkan anailsi skeragaman dan
t a fi s n a g n u b u h i s a s ir e t k a r a k g n e m m a l a d n a k a n u g i d k a y n a b i s a l e r o
k -sfia tfenoitp
o k a l a S ( k it e n e g n a
d nd a Ngere ,2002) .
k i r t e m o f r o M n a d i g o l o f r o M
t a fi s a tr e s k u t n e b n a d n a r u k u i m o t a n a g n a t n e t u m li h a l a d a i g o l o f r o M
u s l a n r e t s k
e atu individu . lImu in imenunjukkan perbedaan bentuk dan ukuran
, k u t n e b p u k a c n e m i n i l a h m a l a D . k o p m o l e k u a t a i s a l u p o p m a l a d s e i c e p s u t a u s
. h u b u t i s a m r o f n o k n a d , a k g n a r e
k Morfometirk adalah ukuran bagian - bagian
h u b u
t suatu individu .Bagian in imencakup bagian dalam dan bagian te lrua r
k i s t a M
n a n i m i r k s i D s i s il a n A u d i v i d n i n a k i s a k if i s a l k g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d n a n i m ir k s i d s i s il a n A -n a r u k u g n e p n a k r a s a d r e b ) i s a l u p o p ( k o p m o l e k h i b e l u a t a a u d m a l a d e k u d i v i d n i -u t n e tr e t n a r u k u g n e
p .Krtie ira pengelompokan berguna untuk mengetahu idata
-a r a c e s a y n h u g g n u s e s g n a y i s a l u p o p u t a u s m a l a d n a k k o p m o l e k i d g n a y a t a d n i a l g n a y i s a l u p o p k o p m o l e k a d a p a d a p a d a r e b k it s it a t
s (A ififd anClark ,1996) .
t n a d s a l e j n a g n e d i u h a t e k i d n a k a n u g i d g n a y a t a d i s a l u p o
P i -ap itapi ndividu
g n ir e s n a n i m ir k s i d s i s il a n A . t u b e s r e t i s a l u p o p u t a s h a l a s i r a d n a i g a b n a k a p u r e m n a d r e h s i F e d o t e m n a g n e d i a u s e s r e i n il n a n i m i k s i d s i s il a n a i a g a b e s t u b e s i d a g u j . ) 1 8 9 1 , y e li W ( l a k i n o n a k s i s il a n a g g n e m n a g n e d n a k u k a li d n a n i m ir k s i D s i s il a n
A unakan program SAS
n o h o p u a t a m a r g o d n e D . l a k i n o n a k n a d k it e n e g k a r a j n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n u k it e n e g o li
f dibua tberdasarkan matirk sjarak geneitk dengan metode UPGMA
A G E M m a r g o r p n a g n e d t a u b i d m a r g o d n e d i s k u rt s n o K . ) 7 8 9 1 ( i e N t u r u n e m r a m u K
( d ianNe ,1993 .)
g n a y n a n i m ir k s i d s i s il a n a n a k a p u r e m r e i n il n a n i m ir k s i d s i s il a n A k u t n u n a k a n u g i d l a k i n o n a k s i s il a n a n a k g n a d e s i s a l u p o p k o p m o l e k a u d n a k t a b il e m a w h a b n a k a t a y n e m ) 1 8 9 1 ( y e li W . i s a l u p o p k o p m o l e k a u d i r a d h i b e l i j u g n e m n i m e m k u t n u g n a c n a ri d n a n i m ir k s i d s i s il a n
a imalkan vairas idalam kelompokdan
g n a y n a h a s i m e p h e l o r e p i d n a k a a g g n i h e s k o p m o l e k r a t n a i s a ir a v n a k l a m i s k a m e m . k i a b r e t t a p a d n a n i m ir k s i d s i s il a n a a w h a b n a k a t a y n e m ) 2 9 9 1 ( s r e p z a G n a d k o p m o l e k r a t n a ) 2 D ( s i b o n a l a h a M k a r a j h e l o r e p m e m k u t n u n a k a n u g r e p i d g n e
a ir e ti r k i a g a b e s n a k a n u g i d t a p a d a g u j n a n i m ir k s i d s i s il a n A . a d a g n a y i s a l u p o p
h a l e t g n a y k o p m o l e k p a d a h r e t k it s it a t s n a g n u ti h r e p n a k r a s a d r e b n a k o p m o l e g n e p
k o p m o l e g n e p s a l e j n a g n e d i u h a t e k i
d annya .
l a k i n o n a K s i s il a n A
i a li n n a d n a r a b e y n e p a t e p n a k u t n e n e m k u t n u n a k u k a li d l a k i n o n a k s i s il a n A
k a n r e t k o p m o l e k a r a t n a i d n a d m a l a d i d n a r u p m a c n a d n a a m a s e
k (Herrerae tal.,
n a r u k u i r a d h a b u e p a p a r e b e b n a k u t n e n e m k u t n u i a k a p i d a g u j i n i s i s il a n A . ) 6 9 9 1
a y n i d a jr e t b a b e y n e p p a d a h r e t t a u k h u r a g n e p i k il i m e m g n a y k i p it o n e f
m o l e g n e
p pokant ernak( pembedakelompok )
n a w a n u G
( d anSumantir ,2008 .)
k it e n e G k a r a J
a l k m a l a d i s a l u p o p k a r a
J siifkas i atau pengelompokkan ternak
g n a y k a n r e t k o p m o l e k a r a t n a i ri c u t a u s i a li n n a a d e b r e p n a k r a b m a g g n e m
.) 1 9 9 1 , y e l d i R ( n a k g n i d n a b i d
m a l a d k a r a j r u k u g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d t a p a d g n a y k it s ir e k a r a K
t s ir e t k a r a k , e p it o ir a k , i g o l o f r o m i ri c h a l a d a n a k o p m o l e g n e
p ik biokimia , ifsiologi ,
.) 1 8 9 1 , y e li W ( if a r g o e g o i b n a d i g o l o k e , u k a l h a k g n it
n a a d e b r e p h a l m u j e s n a k l u p m i y n e m g n a y a k it s it a t s h a l a d a k it e n e g k a r a J
i t a m a i d g n a y s e i s e p s u a t a i s a l u p o p r a t n a i t a m a i d g n a y k it e n e g
n a m e e r F
( danHerron ,2004) .
l a d a k it e n e g k a r a
J ah itngka t perbedaan genomik anta r populas i atau
r e t e m a r a P . ) 7 8 9 1 , i e N ( k ir e m u n s a ti t n a u k a p a r e b e b h e l o r u k u i d g n a y s e i s e p
s
t a p a d i s a l u p o p r a t n a k a r a j r u k u g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d g n a y k it e n e g r e t e m a r a p
s a l u p o p r a t n a k it e n e g k a r a j n a k r a b m a g g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i
h a l a d a n a k a n u g i d g n ir e s g n il a p g n a y f it a ti t n a u k r e t k a r a k k u t n u k a r a j n a r u k u g n e P . ) 2 D ( s i b o n a l a h a M k it s it a t s k a r a j i r a d a n a h r e d e s g n il a p n a r u k u g n e p a w h a b n a k a t a y n e m ) 7 8 9 1 ( i e N k u t n u n a k d u s k a m i d n a d ) m D ( m u m i n i M k it e n e G k a r a J a m a n i r e b i d k it e n e g r a t n a n a a d e b r e P . s u k o l r e p n o d o k n a a d e b r e p i r a d m u m i n i m h a l m u j r u k u g n e m k it e n e G k a r a J n a d , ) D ( r a d n a t S k it e n e G k a r a J , ) m D ( m u m i n i M k it e n e G k a r a J l i c e k t a g n a s a y n m u m u a d a p s e i s e p s u t a s m a l a d l a k o l s a r a d a p ) ’ D ( m u m i s k a M t t u b e s r e t n a r u k u g n e p a u m e s i r a d n a
d erdapa tpenyelesaian yang sama tentang
n a g n e d n a k u k a li d t a p a d r a d n a t s k a r a j n a ij u g n e P . i s a l u p o p i r a d k it e n e g i s a i s n e r e fi d n u m i n i m k a r a j i r a d n a k if i n g i s g n a y n a a d e b r e p t a p a d r e t a k ij m u m i n i m k a r a j i j u s i s il a n a i tr e p e s A N D t a k g n it a d a p s i s il a n A . t u b e s r e t a t a
d poilmorifsme protein
. k it e n e g k a r a j n a k u t n e n e m k u t n u t a r u k a h i b e l g n a y l i s a h n a k ir e b m e m n a k a h a r a d m i K n a it il e n e p l i s a
H e tal, (2005 )dengan metode anailsis itngka tDNA
i b a b a s g n a b k it e n e g k a r a j n a k a t a y n e m t il e t a s o r k i m a d n a n e p 6 1 n a k a n u g g n e m n e d e c a r d n a
L gan Yorksh rie lebih dekat ,dan jarak geneitk antara Duroc dengan
. h u a j h i b e l e c a r d n a L k i n e g o li F n o h o P g n a y i s a m it s e m a r g a i d i a g a b e s n a k a p u r e m k it e n e g o li f n o h o P l a s a n a g n u b u h n a k r a b m a g g n e
m -usu l atau nenek moyang dan keturunan dar i
h o P . i s a l u p o p u a t a s e i s e p
s on fliogeneitk disebu tjuga sebaga ipohon evolus i
n a m e e r F
( danHerron ,2004) .
P . u r a b r e t g n a y i s a l u p o p u a t a s e i s e p
s ohon fliogeneitk pada awalnya hanya
e m s i n a g r o k o p m o l e k n a l u p m u k u a t a a x a t n a d s e i s e p s n a g n u b u h n a k r a b m a g g n e m g n a y i s a k if i s e p s i li k a w e m k u t n u s ir a g n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e d r a s e b h i b e l g n a y h u r u l e s g n a y k it e n e g o li f n o h o p n a k a p u r e m m a r g o d a l c n a d m a r g o d n e D , i d a jr e
t nya
a w h a b n a k a t a y n e m , i s a l u p o p u a t a s e i s e p s r e n o i s u l o v e n a g n u b u h n a k r a b m a g g n e m u a t a s e i s e p s r a t n a n a g n u b u h t a u m e m g n a y g n a b a c r e b m a r g a i d h a l a d a m a r g o d n e d . ) 1 8 9 1 , y e li W ( u t n e tr e t a ir e ti r k a p a r e b e b a d a p n a k r a s a d r e b i s a l u p o p i s u l o v e n o h o P n a k a p u r e m m a r g o d a l
C yang dibua tdengan menyetrakan
a n e r a k ) i s a l u p o p ( s e i s e p s n a h a s i m e p u a t a s e i h p r o m o p a n y s h u r a g n e p h u r a g n e p t a fi s ir a d n a h a b u r e p a y n i d a jr e
t -sfia tawa l (FreemandanHerron ,2004) .
n a h a b u r e
P -perubahan tersebu tdapa ttejrad ikarena mutasi , seleks i dan
c it e n e
g d irtf .Cladogramsebaga ipohonf liogeneitk yang driancang sesua idengan
t u b e s r e t i s a l u p o p u a t a s e i s e p s p a d a h r e t i d a jr e t g n a y h a r a j e s a w it s ir e p . ) 1 8 9 1 , y e li W ( h a l a d a k it e n e g o li f n o h o p g n a c n a r e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d m u m u g n a y e d o t e M s k ir t a m n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e
d jarak geneitk dan maximum parsimony methods .
t a p a d k it e n e g k a r a j s k ir t a m e d o t e m n a g n e d k it e n e g o li f n o h o p i s k u rt s n o K n a g n e d h e l o r e p i d t a p a d k it e n e g k a r a j b a b e s s a u l h i b e l n a g n e d n a k u k a li d n o m i s r a p m u m i x a m e d o t e M . r e t e m a r a p a p a r e b e b a d a p n a t a m a g n e p n a k u k a l e m y k it e n e g o li f n o h o p i s k u rt s n o k m a l a d a y n n a n u g g n e p s a t a b r e t h i b e l a y n m u m u a d a p m a s a n e u k e s a t a d n a k a n u g g n e m b a b e
s aminoataunukleoitdaNei( 1987) .
u ti a y i n e g o li f k a r a j k it s it a t s a u d t a p a d r e t a w h a b n a k a t a y n e m ) 1 9 9 1 ( y e l d i R a t a r ir i c k a r a j n a d t a k e d r e t ir i c k a r a
j -rata .Jarak r ata-ratat erdeka tsecaraberurutan
a k g n a d e s t a k e d r e t ir i
c nj arakciirr ata-rataakanmembentuk subkelompok dengan
a t a r t a k e d r e t k a r a
j -rata .
7 8 9 1 ( i e
N )menyatakan bahwametode UPGMA ( Unweighted Pari-Gruop
m a r g o d n e d n a g n a c n a r e p e d o t e m n a k a p u r e m ) n a e M c it e m h ti r A h ti w d o h t e M
a t a r k a r a j n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e
E
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l u g g n U k a n r e T n a ti b i b m e P i a l a B e g il a B . l J i d n a k a n a s k a li d n a it il e n e P
i s n i v o r P a r a t U i l u n a p a T n e t a p u b a K , g n o r o b g n o r o b i S ) U T P B ( i b a B n a d u a b r e K
r e b m e t p e S n a l u B , a r a t U a r e t a m u
S sampa iNovember 2013.
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e
K seluruhan t ernak yang diamat i110 eko ryang berumur 1-2 t ahun yang
4 n a d r o k e 2 4 a n it e b ( e c a r d n a L i b a b r o k e 6 4 : i r a d i ri d r e
t ekorj antan) ,2 5 eko r
( e ri h s k r o Y i b a
b beitna 22 dan 3 eko rjantan) ,22 bab iDuroc (18 eko rbeitna ,4
6 n a d a n it e b r o k e 1 1 ( e ri h s k r e B i b a b 7 1 , ) n a t n a j e p r o k
e ekorj antan .)
t a l A
t a k g n o t n a d ) m c ( r u k u a ti p h a l a i i n i n a it il e n e p m a l a d n a k a n u g i d g n a y t a l A
n a t a m a g n e p l i s a h t a t a c n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d a t a d r a b m e l n a d s il u t t a l A , ) m c ( r u k u
t a k g n a r e p , n a r u k u g n e p n a
d lunak SAS (Staitsitca lAnalysi sSystem )dan MEGA
. a t a d s i s il a n a g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d ) s i s y l a n A c it e n e G r e n o i s u l o v E r e l u k e l o M (
s i s il a n A e d o t e M
u g i d g n a y n a it il e n e p e d o t e
M nakan adalah metode deskrfiit fdan anailsi s
h u b u T n a i g a B n a r u k u g n e P
n a i g a
B -bagiant ubuhbab iyangdiuku radalah itngg ipundak ,itngg ipinggul ,
. a d a d r a b e l ,r e h e l r a k g n il , a d a d m a l a d , a d a d r a k g n il , n a d a b g n a j n a p , l u g g n i p r a b e l
. m c n a u t a s m a l a d r u k u i d h u b u t n a r u k u h u r u l e S . a l a p e k r a b e l n a d a l a p e k g n a j n a p
n a i g a
B -bagiant ubuhyangdiuku rantaral ain :
.
1 Tingg ipundak merupakan j arak t eritngg ipundak melalu ibelakang scapula
r u k u t a k g n o t n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e d r u k u i d h a n a t e k s u r u l k a g e t
, h a n a t e k s u r u l k a g e t a r a c e s l u g g n i p i g g n it r e t k a r a j h a l a d a l u g g n i p i g g n i T . 2
n a g n e d r u k u i
d menggunakant ongka tuku r
a r a t n a r a b e l k a r a j i a g a b e s r u k u t a k g n o t n a k a n u g g n e m r u k u i d l u g g n i p r a b e L . 3
l u g g n i p i d n e s a u d e k
.
4 Panjang badan merupakan jarak gair s luru s dar i tep i tulang Processu s
s u c o n i p
s sampa idengan benjolan t ulang l api s(O s sichium) ,diuku rdengan
. r u k u t a k g n o t
g n a k a l e b i d t a p e t r a k g n il e m r u k u i d a d a d r a k g n i L .
5 scapula menggunakan ptia
r u k u
, a d a d g n a l u t n a d k a d n u p i g g n it r e t k it it a r a t n a k a r a j n a k a p u r e m a d a d m a l a D . 6
r u k u t a k g n o t n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e d r u k u i d
.
7 Panjangekordiuku rdenganptiaukur ,mula idar ipangka leko rhinggaujung.
a g n il e t n a g n e d k a d n u p n a h a g n e tr e p a d a p r a k g n il e m r u k u i d r e h e l r a k g n i L . 8
Gamba r1 .Bagian-bagiant ubuhyangdiuku .r :
r a b m a g n a g n a r e t e K
.
1 Tingg ipundak( TP) 7 .Panjangekor( PE) .
2 Tingg ipinggul( TP)i 8 .Lingkarl eher( LL) .
3 Leba rpinggul( LP)i 9 .Panjangkepala( PKe) .
4 Panjangbadan( PB) 10 .Leba rkepala( LK) .
5 Lingka rdada( LD) 11 .Panjangt eilnga( PT) .
6 Dalamdada( Dd) 12 .Lebart eilnga( LT)
k u d n a t a u d a r a t n a i d a l a p e k h a g n e t i s i s o p a d a p r u k u i d , ) m c ( a l a p e k g n a j n a P . 9
, r u k u a ti p n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e d m a ti h g n e m t u l u m n a i g a b e k i a p m a s
n a g n e d i p i p g n a l u t i s i s a u d e k k a r a j r u k u i d , ) m c ( a l a p e k r a b e L . 0 1
.r u k u a ti p n a k a n u g g n e m
Gamba r1 .Bagian-bagiant ubuhyangdiuku .r :
r a b m a g n a g n a r e t e K
.
1 Tingg ipundak( TP) 7 .Panjangekor( PE) .
2 Tingg ipinggul( TP)i 8 .Lingkarl eher( LL) .
3 Leba rpinggul( LP)i 9 .Panjangkepala( PKe) .
4 Panjangbadan( PB) 10 .Leba rkepala( LK) .
5 Lingka rdada( LD) 11 .Panjangt eilnga( PT) .
6 Dalamdada( Dd) 12 .Lebart eilnga( LT)
k u d n a t a u d a r a t n a i d a l a p e k h a g n e t i s i s o p a d a p r u k u i d , ) m c ( a l a p e k g n a j n a P . 9
, r u k u a ti p n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e d m a ti h g n e m t u l u m n a i g a b e k i a p m a s
n a g n e d i p i p g n a l u t i s i s a u d e k k a r a j r u k u i d , ) m c ( a l a p e k r a b e L . 0 1
.r u k u a ti p n a k a n u g g n e m
Gamba r1 .Bagian-bagiant ubuhyangdiuku .r :
r a b m a g n a g n a r e t e K
.
1 Tingg ipundak( TP) 7 .Panjangekor( PE) .
2 Tingg ipinggul( TP)i 8 .Lingkarl eher( LL) .
3 Leba rpinggul( LP)i 9 .Panjangkepala( PKe) .
4 Panjangbadan( PB) 10 .Leba rkepala( LK) .
5 Lingka rdada( LD) 11 .Panjangt eilnga( PT) .
6 Dalamdada( Dd) 12 .Lebart eilnga( LT)
k u d n a t a u d a r a t n a i d a l a p e k h a g n e t i s i s o p a d a p r u k u i d , ) m c ( a l a p e k g n a j n a P . 9
, r u k u a ti p n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e d m a ti h g n e m t u l u m n a i g a b e k i a p m a s
n a g n e d i p i p g n a l u t i s i s a u d e k k a r a j r u k u i d , ) m c ( a l a p e k r a b e L . 0 1
,) m c ( a g n il e t g n a j n a P . 1
1 diuku rdenganptiaukur ,dar ipangkalt eilngahingga
. a g n il e t g n u j u e k
i ri k i r a d i a l u m i d a g n il e t h a g n e t n a i g a b i r a d r u k u i d , ) m c ( a g n il e t r a b e L . 2 1
. n a n a k e k a g g n i h
a t a D s i s il a n A
.f it a ti t n a u K t a fi S
h e l o r e p m e m k u t n u n a k k u j n u ti d f it p ir k s e d k it s it a t s s i s il a n
A karakteirsa s
n a r u k
u -ukuran t ubuh padababi .Anailsisi n idliakukan dengan menghtiung nlia i
r u d e s o r p n a g n e d ) K K ( n a m a g a r e k n e i s if e o k n a d ) s ( u k a b n a g n a p m i s , ) X ( n a a t a r
.) 2 8 9 1 ( e l o p l a W t u r u n e m t u k ir e b k it s it a t s
� � ∑��−1��
� � � �
∑� � �� −��2 �−1
�−1 KK= �
�� 01 %�0
: n a g n a r e t e K
X :r ata-rata
S :s impanganbaku i
X :ukuranke- idar ipeubahx
n :j umlahs ampe lyangdiambi ldar ipopulas i K
K :koeifsienkeragaman
k u t n
U membandingkan kelompok anta rrumpun keilnc idliakukan uij- tdengan
: ) 5 9 9 1 ( e l o p l a W t u k ir e b i a g a b e s s u m u r n a k a n u g g n e m
th= �̅1− �̅2
�∑�X1j− X�1� 2
�1 (n1− 1) + ∑�X2j−X� 1 2 �2 �2 (n2− 1)
: n a g n a r e t e K
th =nlia i thtiung
X1 =r ataans ampe lpadakelompokke-1 X2 =r ataans ampe lpadakelompokke-2
k i r t e m o f r<
