THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING MATERIAL THERMOCHEMISTRY WITH ACTIVE
LEARNING AND MULTIMEDIA
By:
Marianna Silaban Reg. Number 4123131055
Bilingual Chemistry Education Study Program
A THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill The Requirement for Getting The Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
FACULTY MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iii
THE DE VELO PME NT O F I NNO VAT I VE LE ARNING MATE RI AL THE RMOCHEMISTRY WITH ACTI VE
LEARNI NG AND MULTI MEDI A Marianna Silaban (NIM 4123131055)
ABSTRACT
iv
PREFACE
First and foremost writer wanna deliver to Trinity Jesus Christ for all His
uncountable grace, His blessings and guidance for giving us inspiration, health,
peace, knowledge and strength to see that this thesis become a reality suitable
with the time that has been determine.
This thesis entitled ”The Development of Innovative Learning Material With Active Learning and Multimedia” arranged to acquire degree Sarjana Pendidikan Kimia, in Chemistry Department Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences in State University of Medan.
In this opportunity I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis
supervisior Prof. Drs. Manihar Situmorang, M.Sc., Ph.D who has given guidance
and many suggestion to writer since proposal research until finish this thesis. The
writer also wanna say thanks to Drs. Marham Sitorus, M.Si as my Academic Councelor as long as writer in state university of Medan. I don’t forget to say thanks to Prof. Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M.Si, Dr. Simson Tarigan, (alm) Drs.
Rahmat Nauli, M.Si and Mom Nora Susanti S.Si, Apt., M.Sc, as my thesis
examiner who give suggestion, comment, and improvement to compile this thesis.
Gratitude also deliver to sir Agus Kembaren, S.Si, M.Si as head of Chemistry
department who give chance to writer did this research. Special gratitude will be
deliver to strong beloved parents my father K. Silaban and my mother
M.Simanullang for your unconditional love to support me in every situation of my
life for financial support, strengthen me and thank you for your perspiration in my
life, thank you have been best parents in my life. I don’t forget to express my
gratitude to my brothers, Saut, Saprin, Sardes, Salam, Mujur, to my only one
sister Samsinar Silaban who always support me to finish this thesis. Likewise with
my Coordination team UKMKP-UP FMIPA 2016 and all of member of secretariat
UKMKP-UP FMIPA ministry and all of component of ministry UKMKP
UNIMED who also give support and motivation to writer. I don’t forget to the
leader of Boanerges small group sister Jelita Purba my bestfriend Lady Ofina,
v
Panjaitan, Elenra Fitry Malau, Aspatita Panjaitan, Bunga Gustiana Napitupulu,
thank you for teach me to lead you to be patient, my best friend who have same
thesis supervisior Ernita Silaban, Arif Wardiman Lase thank you so much for a
story that has been created in this thesis journey. And to all of member of
Chemistry Education Study Program 2012, thank you for four years with you all
fill my diary every single moment is impressed and all of motivation and pray. To
all of respondents Student of SMA N 1 Sidikkalang, SMA N 1 Berastagi, SMA N 1 Perbaungan. And the last one and special one for my only one Sado thank you
for write diary of my life, support, pray that has been answerd thanks for teach me
to live effectively hope blessing in future be ours.
The writer has given all effort to finish this thesis, nevertheless writer realize there’s still lack from content and grammar, therefore writer will appreciate all of constructive suggestion to enrich education insight.
Medan, June 2016 Writer
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2.1 Defenition and Types of Learning Materials 8
2.2 The Use of Learning Materials 10
2.2.1 For Teacher 10
2.2.2 For Student 10
2.2.3 In Clasical Learning 11
2.2.4 In Individual Learning Process 11
2.2.5 In Group Learning 11
2.3 Posisition of Learning Materials in Learning Process 11
2.4 Develope Learning Materials 13
2.5 Chemistry Learning Materials Development 15
2.6 Standard of Learning Materials According to BSNP 17 2.6.1 Standard on Chemistry Learning Material Content 17 2.6.2 Standard on Chemistry Learning Material Language 18
2.6.3 Standard on Chemistry Learning Preentation 18
2.6.4. Standard on Chemistry Learning Graph 18
2.7 Innovative Learning 19
2.8 Innovative Learning by Implement Active Learning 20
2.9 Learning Media on Teaching Chemistry 22
2.10 The Literature of Thermochemistry 25
2.10.1 Thermochemistry 26
2.10.2 Enthalphy Changes 26
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Chapter III Research Methodology
3.1 Location and Time 28
3.2 Research Sample and Population 28
3.3 Type of Research 29
3.4 Research Instrument 30
3.5 Research Procedure 30
3.5.1 Analyze Learning Material of Thermochemistry 30
3.5.2 Developing Learning Material 30
3.5.2.1 Enrichment Learning Material 31
3.5.2.2 Integrate Learning Media in Learning Material 31 3.5.2.3 Integrate Laboratory Activity in Learning Material 31
3.5.2.4 Creating e-book 31
3.5.3 Standarization of Developed Learning Material 32
3.6 Data Analysis 34
3.6.1 Descriptive Analysis 34
Chapter IV Results and Discussion
4.1 The Result Observation of Learning Material for Senior
High School 37
4.2. Development of Learning Material of Thermochemistry 45 4.3. Innovation of Learning Material of Thermochemistry 47 4.4 Active Learning in Thermochemistry Learnong Material 48 4.5 Multimedia in Thermochemistry Learning Material 49
4.6. Creating e-book 50
4.7. Standarization of Innovative Learning Material of
Thermochemistry 51
4.8. Trial of Innovative Learning Material on Thermochemistry
With Active Learning and Multimedia 53
4.9. Discussion 55
Chapter V Conclusion and Suggestion
5.1 Conclusion 57
5.2 Suggestion 58
Referencess 59
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Table 3.3 Table of A Recapitulation Assesment of Chemistry Textbook 35
Table 3.4 Validity Criteria Analysis of Innovative Chemistry Learning
materials 36
Table 4.1 Description Of Learning Material With Main Topic Of
Thermochemistry As Referencess Learning Material Of
Thermochemistry 38
Table 4.2. Percentage of Analyze some Textbook in Thermochemistry
Based on BSNP 44
Table 4.3 Development of Learning Material of Thermochemistry 46
Table 4.4 The Description Innovation of Learning Material of
Thermochemistry 47
Table 4.5 The Description Active Learning in Thermochemistry
Learning Material 48
Table 4.6 The Description of Integration Multimedia in
Thermochemistry Learning Material 49
Table 4.7 Description of Innovative Learning Materials on The
Topic of Thermochemistry 51
Table 4.8 Assesment respondent of chemistry lectures (P), students of
SMAN 1 Sidikkalang (Q), students of SMAN 1 Berastagi (R),
students of SMAN 1 Perbaungan (S) to quality of
innovative learning material of thermochemistry. 52
Table 4.9 The result of descriptive of trial chemistry Learning
viii
LIST OF FIGURE
Pages
Figure 3.1 Procedure Development Innovative Chemistry Learning 32
Figure 3.2 Research Procedure to Get Standard Innovative Chemistry
Learning Materials With Active Learning and Multimedia 33
Figure 4.1 Figure of Electronic Display of Thermochemistry Learning Material by click all of content of electronic book on
thermochemistry 50
x
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1 Sillabus of Chemistry for SHS in Curriculumn 2013 64
Appendix 2 Standard assesment of Learning Textbook 67
Appendix 3 Instrument questionaire of Innovative Learning Material 69
of Thermochemistry
Appendix 4 The Description of Learning Material (TRIAL) 70
Appendix 5a The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code A 71
Appendix 5b The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code B 72
Appendix 5c The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code C 73
Appendix 5d The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code D 74
Appendix 5e The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code E 75
Appendix 5f The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code F 76
Appendix 5g The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code G 77
Appendix 6 Tabulation of Questionaire by Chemistry Lecture in
State University of Medan 78
Appendix 7a Tabulation of Questionaire by Student in SMA N 1
Sidikalang 79
Appendix 7b Tabulation of Questionaire by Student in SMA N 1
Berastagi 80
Appendix 7c Tabulation of Questionaire by Student in SMA N 1
Perbaungan 81
Appendix 8 Standard Development of Innovative Chemistry
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The development of innovative learning material is important to do due
to the development of modern science and technology demand students to learn
active and independently. Innovative learning material can motive student to learn
active in learning process due to inovation presented can be use wherever and
whenever they are. They can use innovative learning material thourgh their
personal computer and personal handphone.
Education is the main medium to create human resourcess with high quality and competency. Education is human’s necessary which always follow the era’s challange. Quality of education describe prospect of a certain nation in a future. Education is also one of the key vehicles for intellectual and professional
development of our people and plays an increasingly important role in supporting
a stronger and more globally competitive Indonesia.
Indonesian’s today educational condition face complex and basic challange which can’t be avoid such as GATT, WTO, AFTA which influence all aspect of socialization. As a young nation (under a century nation) our future still
oriented on international standard where there will be many lack ontologically
related to human resourcess and master of technology. The swift of goods,
services, knowledge and technology tend to effect disorientation in economic
aspect, politic, society, culture and education. Therefore the strengthen
contribution of LPTK, sinergy among educational birocration, teacher’s quality, and educational reformation are required by homogenity of basic sciences knowledge to increase quality and educational access.
In 120 countries included in the 2012 UNESCO Education For All
Global Monitoring Report, which measuress education quality, Indonesia ranked
2
127 countries. And according to latest Human developement Index, reported by
UNDP, Indonesia ranked 121st out of 185 countries, with an HDI of .629. the report shows that Indonesia is ranked lower than two of its neighboring ASEAN
countries, Malaysia (64th) and Singapore (18th). In order to strengthen basic education for students, the Ministry has committed operational and budgetary
resources to implementation of the latest 2013 Curricculumn by 2014. The 2013
Curriculumn focuses on the acquisition of contextual knowledge in respective areas and environments. The curriculumn seeks to develop student’s evaluation skill in three areas; attitude (honesty, politeness, and discipline), technical skills
(through practical work / school projects), and scientific knowledge.
The development of innovative learning material is one essential and
very important step to improve quality of education. Through develope learning
material with multimedia can increase student’s curiosity that conduct classroom to active learning. The active learning is a model of instruction that focuses the
responsibility of learning on learners. In order to have active learning experience,
the innovative learning material should use of technology tools and multimedia
helps enhance the atmosphere of the classroom. Each student will be actively
engaged in learning process. Developement of innovtive learning material with
active learning by using multimedia and web based learning is very interest to be
discussed because of learning materials that qualified can improve
comprehension, attitude, skill, and scientific knowledge of senior high school
student. Therefore, developement of learning materials is necessary to
consideration accurately where learning materias not only source of learning, but
has a particular classification.
Developement of learning materials also necessary to fulfill good quality of learning materials. Good learning materials in senior high school will help
students to achive standard competency. The peresence qualified learning
materials is one best way to improve quality of education (situmorang, 2013).
Good learning materials should capable present the curriculumn,s requirement,
flexible with the development of Science and technology, and become a bridge in
3
According to hamdani in (Rudyanto, 2009) if it doesn’t have ability to develop teaching materials are varied, teachers will be stuck in monotonous
learning situations and tend to be boring to students. Good learning materials must
be able to present learning materials in accordance with demands of the
curriculumn, follow any developments in science and technology in order to
achieve a predetermined competencies (Jippes, etc., 2010) in (Manihar and
Novalina, 2012), therefore preparation of learning materials quality is needed to
help students to learn and fulfill needs of students to learn independently.
Generally student in Senior High School tend use book as their media or
their learning sourcess.while the condition of book tend to conduct teacher center
learning process. Teacher center learning is not good, therefore we need
developement of learning media, and through this development we hope there’s no teacher center learning process anymore. According to Manihar and Andry
(2014), the integration of information technology, integrate multimedia with
e-learning and web based e-learning potentially push e-learning shift from conventional
learning to student active learning, so that learning activity is not depend on
teacher only, but developement will courage student to be active. E-learning is
one process where students use information and Communication Technology
(ICT) facilities together as media without consider space and time to learn
(Sutanta, 2009). Modern ICT development enable us to combine various media,
such as picture, video, animation, virtual laboratory, and website and these make
students easier to receive and acces lessons, and courage students to active
learning process.
In reality, chemistry is learning materials which has wide scope in our
daily life. Chemistry is one subject matter for student in natural science group. In implementation of Curriculumn 2013, chemistry has 4 lesson hour meeting in
each week. Chemistry is also one interest subject matter, because chemistry gives
foundation in society life, develope lifeskill. Chemistry also one of discipline that
can answer global challange. Chemistry belong to dificult subject matter, because
mainly chemistry consist of many abstract concept and real example. In
4
to make students feel boring. Therefore in presentation of chemistry learning
material, we need creative, and innovative step to courage student to be active and
has high curiosity. Therefore we need to develope creative and innovative
learning material. And according to Lee (2010) one way to increase quality of
education is through present qualify learning materials.
Revitalization of learning materials are necessary to enrich learning sourcess so that able to student’s learning activity which follow developement information and technology to optimal, and effective for increasing student’s achivement in chemistry.Some prerequiresite to make learning materials as
learning sources are, availability that can reach by students independently, can
courage student to learn independently, and facilitate students complete and recent
learning materials. Good learning materials must be cover as good as possible, as
creative as possible, suitable with main topic, following with picture, ilustration,
exercise example, contextual problems which support learning activity through
adaptation of newest technology is one target of learning materials developement.
In senior high school, thermochemistry learned in second year in first
semester. Thermochemistry studies Heat and Energy, Enthalphy change
(Calorimeter, Hess law, and Bond Energy). Thermochemistry is one difficult
topic to understand for students, because this topic has abstract concept. And need high student’s imagination. Sometimes, lack of laboratory experiment, and lack of student’s interaction with classmates because learning process focus on teacher only.
Based on above description, researcher challanged to creating creative,
innovative, systematic chemistry learning materials in form of hardcopy and
electronic book to support student’s achievement according to standard competency. And this research entitled “The Development of Innovative
5
1.2Scope of Problem
Based on background above, the scope of problem in this research is
development of innovative learning materials to fulfill standard competency in
senior high school.
1.3Problem Identification
Based on the background above, the following are some problems can be
identified in this research:
1. The arrangement of innovative thermochemistry learning material to achieve
stadard competency in senior high school.
2. Learning media that proper to integrate according to innovative
thermochemistry learning material to achieve standard competency in senior
high school.
3. Response of lecture and senior high school student to innovative
thermochemistry learning materials seen on, proper standard, language,
presentation, content and form.
4. Development an innovative thermochemistry learning materials that courage
student to active learning.
5. Standardize a development learning materials to meet the standard provided
by BSNP.
1.4Problem Formulation
Based on the background that has been stated previously, then the
problem formulation in this research is:
1. How the arrangement of innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia so that suitable according to standard
competency in senior high school?
2. How the proper presentation of innovative thermochemistry learning material
with active learning and multimedia to achieve standard competency in senior
6
3. How the response of lecture and senior high school student on innovative
thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia, seen
on proper standard, language, presentation, content and form.
4. How to develope an innovative thermochemistry learning material with active
learning and multimedia to courage student to active learning?
5. How to standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard
provided by BSNP?
1.5Problem Limitation
To avoid the deviate problem based on the problem formulation, so the
problem limitation in this research are:
1. Arrange the innovative thermochemistry learning material with active
learning and multimedia suited with standard competency look from standard
proper, language, content, and form in senior high school.
2. In arrange innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning
and multimedia will be develope at least 7 chemistry book in senior high
school.
3. Learning materials will be revise by expert of curriculumn, till we get standar
learning materials.
4. There will be integration of various media that usually use by teacher in
teaching process.
5. Developement of innovative thermochemistry learning material with active
learning with multimedia only to standardization of learning materials stage,
not up to the implementation stage.
1.6Research Objective
The objective of this research is to facilitate the understanding of students
in study of thermochemistry. The spesific objective have been achieved in this
research, are following:
1. To do development of innovative thermochemistry learning materials with
active learning and multimedia suitable with standard competency in senior
7
2. To get the good presentation of innovative thermochemistry learning material
with active learning and multimedia to achieve standard competency in senior
high school.
3. To know the response of lecture and senior high school student on innovative
thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia, seen
on proper standard, language, presentation, content and form.
4. To develope an innovative thermochemistry learning material with active
learning and multimedia to courage student to active learning.
5. To standardize development thermochemistry learning material with active
learning and multimedia to meet the standard provided by BSNP
1.7Research Benefits
The results of this study is expected to provide benefits for researcher,
university students, lectures, and senior high school students. The spesific benefit
are:
1. To reseacher
As an precious experience have a chance to analyze book and able to arrange
and develope innovative learning materials.
2. To Teacher
To give information and advice and potentially help teacher to present the
learning materials to student.
3. To Senior high school student
As information to enrich their knowledge.
4. To the next reseacher
57 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion
Based on the result of research that obtained from the result of data
analysis. It can be stated some conclusion as follows:
1. Based on analysis on common chemistry textbook in SHS the percentage of
textbook code A is 82.85%, code B 59.99%., code C 71.42%, code D 68.57%,
code E 54.28%, code F 42.89%, and code G is 77.14% most of them are good, but all of them has no integration og multimedia so it’s need development and innovation.
2. The arranging of innovative chemistry learning material on topic of
thermochemistry has succesfully designed suited to the common curriculum
2013 that using at senior high school students. The Learning material
Thermochemistry consist of 2 sub topic, successively are: (1) Exothermic and
Endothermic Reaction, (2) Enthalphy Changes that consist of : Standard Enthalphy Change, Calorimeter, Hess’s Law, and Bond Energy
3. The innovated Learning Material Thermochemistry with Active Learning and
Multimedia get the average 3.44 it means it gets positive response from SHS
students and chemistry lecturers.
4. The learning material composed has developed and contain innovation by
conduct active learning and supported by multimedia that set in offline and
online system. There are videos as an offline innovation, while the online
innovation when the students connected to internet and using the web link that
has been inputed on the learning material as an e-book.
5. The development of Innovative Thermochemistry Learning Material
Thermochemistry meet standard BSNP Indonesia Education National
58
5.2. Suggestion
Based on the conclusion above, there are some suggestion that have to be
stated in order to make teaching and learning process in chemistry become
effective and efficient as follows:
1. It is suggested that the chemistry lecture and chemistry teacher in school
should give the standard and good innovative and interactive chemistry
learning material based on the common curriculum as main learning
media to student in the senior high school especially learning material of
thermochemistry.
2. It is suggested to next researcher could improve the better innovative
learning material based on common curriculum and develop the e-book
to make it more simple and easy according to the suggestion that given
by sample as validator.
3. It is suggested to student holder for developing and providing the
standard and good innovative and learning material to be used in the
teaching and learning process especially for thermochemistry subject in
senior high school.
4. It is suggested for next researcher can develop this learning material so
that enable opened in personal gadget, so that student can bring it
wherever and learn whenever.
59
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