PRONUNCIATION ERROR PERFORMANCE OF
FIRST-SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
By:
EGA SEPTIANI
201210100311096
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all the writer would like to thank the God, Allah S.W.T for His blessing and guidance, so that the writer could finish this thesis which is written to fulfil one of the requirements for Sarjana Degree in English Department, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The writer realized this thesis would not be completed without any help from several parties who have given a little time and valuable suggestions to the writter. Furthermore, I would like to express my sincere thanks to:
1. Mr. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum, Head of English Department, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang who gave me permission to conduct this thesis and also encouragement, so this thesis can be completed;
2. Mrs. Nina Inayati, M.Ed, as my advisor, who gave me permission to conduct this thesis and his continuous and valuable guidance, advice and encouragement in completing this thesis;
3. Mrs. Santi Prastiyowati, S.Pd, M.Pd, as my second advisor, for her valuable guidance, advice and encouragement in completing this thesis;
4. Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang who had arranged my thesis exam schedule;
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6. My beloved family, especially to my parents who never stop gives me pray, spirit, and motivation when the writer encounter difficulties and obstacles in the process of making this thesis and my father who had always worked hard to suffice all my needs, in this case in term of material needs;
7. The last but not least, my friends at English Department of Faculty of Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang for the motivation, supports and memories all this time.
For the people that I cannot mention one by one, thank you very much. Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for the readers, especially for the students of English Department in Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Finally, the writer does realize that due to my limited ability, this thesis must have shortcoming. For this, the writer welcomes any suggestions and criticisms.
Malang,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Cover ... i
Approval Pages ... ii
Motto and Dedication ... iv
Letter of Authenticity ... v
Acknowledgement ... vi
Table of Content ... viii
List of Table ... x
List of Appendices ... xi
Abstract ... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1.Background of Study ... 1
1.2.Statement of Problem ... 3
1.3.Purpose of Study ... 4
1.4.Scope and Limitation of Problem ... 4
1.5.Significance of Study ... 4
1.6.Definitions of Key Terms... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Pronunciation ... 6
2.2 Phonetics Alphabets ... 7
2.3 Features of English Pronunciation ... 9
2.3.1 Segmental Features ... 9
2.3.2 Suprasegmental Features ... 10
2.4 The Sound of English ... 10
2.4.1 Place of Articulation ... 11
2.4.2 Manner of Articulation ... 12
2.5 The Definition of Error ... 13
2.6 Error Analysis ... 14
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 16
3.2 Research Subject ... 17
3.3 Research Instrument ... 17
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3.5 Data Collection ... 18
3.6 Data Analysis ... 19
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1Findings ... 21
4.1.1 Errors in Pronouncing the Vowel Sounds ... 23
4.1.2 Errors in Pronouncing the Consonant Sounds ... 34
4.1.3 Errors in Pronouncing the Diphthong Sounds ... 39
4.2Discussion ... 44
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1Conclusion ... 49
5.2Suggestions ... 50
REFERENCES ... 51
x
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Page
2.1 List of the Vowels Symbols for English IPA ... 8
2.2 List of the Diphthongs Symbols for English IPA ... 8
2.3 List of the Diphthongs Symbols for English IPA ... 9
4.1 Types of Pronunciation Errors ... 23
4.2 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sound [ɪ]. ... 25
4.3 Error in Pronouncing Vowel Sound [i:] ... 26
4.4 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sound [æ] ... 28
4.5 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sound [ɔː] ... 29
4.6 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sound [ɜː] ... 30
4.7 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sound [ə] ... 32
4.8 Errors in Pronouncing Consonant Sound [z] ... 36
4.9 Errors in Pronouncing Diphthong Sound [əʊ] ... 41
4.10 Errors in Pronouncing Diphthong Sound [eɪ] ... 42
4.11 Errors in Pronouncing Diphthong Sound [aɪ] ... 43
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1 Pronunciation Test ... 54
Appendix 2 Table Errors of Pronunciation ... 55
Appendix 3 Table Pronunciation Errors in Vowel Sounds ... 57
Appendix 4 Table Pronunciation Errors in Consonant Sounds ... 61
Appendix 5 Table Pronunciation Errors in Diphthongs Sounds ... 63
51 REFERENCESS
Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedure penelitian: Suatu pendekatan praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Ary, Donald. (2010). Introduction to research in education. Eighth edition. Canada: Thomson Wadworth
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principle of Language Learning and Teaching (4th ed). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Burns, A. (2003). Clearly Speaking: Pronunciation in Action for Teachers. National Center for English Language Teaching and Research, Macquaire Universaity, Sydney NSW 2109 (Online). http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Burns6/publication/282332684_ Clearly_speaking_Pronunciation_in_action_for_teachers/links/560ce1380 8ae6c9b0c42dba4.pdf Accessed on 30th October 2015, 11:27 am.
Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed). United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc.
Collins, B. & Mess, I. M. (2013). Practical Phonetics and Phonology (3rd ed). New York: Routledge.
Fraser, H. (2000). Coordinating Improvements in Pronunciation Teaching for Adult Learners of English as a Second Language. Canberra: DETYA (Australia National Training Authority Adult Literacy Project (Online). http://www.ibrarian.net/navon/paper/Coordinating_improvements_in_pron unciation_teach.Accessed on 25th March 2015, 2:21 pm.
Fulcher, G. (2003). Testing Second Language Speaking. New York: Pearson Education
Gilakjani, A. P. (2011). A Study on the Situation of Pronunciation Instruction in ESL/EFL Classrooms. Journal of Studies in Education, 1 (1) (Online). http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jse/article/view/924.
Accessed on 29th March 2015, 8:59 am.
Gilakjani, A. P. (2012). A Study of Factors Affecting EFL Learners' English Pronunciation Learning and the Strategies for Instruction. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, (3) (Online). http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jse/article/view/924.
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Gopur, A. (2010). Error analysis on students' speaking performance:(a case study
at the second year students of SMK Permata 2 Bogor). Thesis published
(Online).
http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/8221/1/ABDUL %20GOPUR-FITK.pdf. Accessed on 1st December 2015, 12:37 am. Harmer, J. (2007). How to Teach English. Edinburgh: Pearson Education.
Harmer, J. (2007). The Practice of Language Teaching (4rd ed). London: Pearson Longman ELT.
Hidayah, M. (2013). The Errors of English Pronunciation in Learning English Produced by Students of Al-Izzah Islamic Boarding School (Online). https://www.ta.umm.ac.id/gdl.php?mod=browse&op=read&id=jiptummpp -gdl-masrufatul-3241&q=pronunciation_errors. Accessed on 14th October 2015 07.30 am.
Huang, J. (2002). Error analysis in English teaching: A review of studies. Journal
of Chung-San Girls' Senior High School, 2, 19-34. (Online). http://lib.csghs.tp.edu.tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%A5%B3%E 9%AB%98%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C %E6%9C%9F/03ERROR%20ANALYSIS.pdf. Accessed on 26th October 2015, 10.05 am.
Isyuniandri, D. (2014). Students’ Error in Pronunciation at ESP 2 Program of the
English Department of UMM. (Online).
https://www.ta.umm.ac.id/gdl.php?mod=browse&op=read&id=jiptummpp -gdl-dzakyisyun-36511&q=pronunciation_errors. Accessed on 14th October 2015 07.15 am.
Kho, I. C. Y. (2011). An analysis of pronunciation errors in English of six UTAR
Chinese Studies undergraduates (Doctoral dissertation, UTAR). (Online). http://eprints.utar.edu.my/264/1/EL-2011-0805055-1.pdf. Accessed on 25th May 2015. 12:42 am.
Lanteigne, B. (2006). Common, Persistent Errors in English by Brazilian Portuguese speakers. TEFL Web Journal, 4 (1) (Online). https://www.academia.edu/761700/Common_persistent_errors_in_English _by_Brazilian_Portugese_speakers. Accessed on 14th October 2015 07.15 am.
Moeliono, A. M., & Dardjowidjojo, S. (2003). Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia (3rd ed): Indonesian Grammar. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
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O’Connor, J.D. (1980). Better English Pronunciation (2nd ed). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Waridah, Ernawati. (2008). EYD dan Seputar Kebahasa-Indonesiaan. Jakarta: Kawah Media.
Yates, L. & Zelinski, B. (2009). Give it A Go: Teaching Pronunciation to Adults (Online).
http://www.ameprc.mq.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/157664/interact ive_sm.pdf. Accessed on 27th October 2015, 10:42 am.
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I of this thesis presents the background of the study, the statements of the problems, the purposes of the study, the significance of the study, the scope and limitation, and the definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of Study
Language is the most important aspect of our life which is mean language is a tool of communication used to transfer information, ideas, and feelings from one person to another. As we know, there are many languages which exist in this world, one of them is English. In this era, English has increasingly becomes the language used for international communication by the people all around the world. For people who live in a country which does not use English as their mother language, they must learn English to understand the language or to communicate with other people all around the world.
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many learners of English language have major difficulties in English pronunciation even after years of learning the language.
Pronunciation is a sub-skill of speaking. In speaking, pronunciation is more important, because if the speaker pronounces the word incorrectly, the listeners may not understand about what the speaker said. Fraser (2000) explains that being able to speak English includes a number of sub-skills of which pronunciation is by far the most important (other sub-skills of speaking include vocabulary, grammar, and pragmatics). She argues that “with good pronunciation,
a speaker is intelligible despite other errors; with poor pronunciation, understanding a speaker will be very difficult, despite accuracy in other areas”
(Fraser, 2000).
However, many of English language learners (ELLs) confront difficulties in learning English pronunciation (Gilakjani, 2011). Based on previous research conducted by Isnia (2011, as cited in Hidayah 2013) entitled The Errors of English Pronunciation in Learning English Produced by Students of Al-Izzah
Islamic Boarding School, she found that 81.4% students have problems in
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of English sounds do not exist in the mother tongue of the learners. The examples of English sound that can not be found in Indonesian sounds are [v], [θ], [ð], [ʒ],
(Moeliono & Dardjowidjojo, 2003). Based on the previous research conducted by Isyuniandri (2014) on students’ pronunciation error at ESP 2 program, he found that one of Indonesian students’ problems in studying English is their poor pronunciation and sometimes they still pronounce the words in Indonesian style and they seldom speak up because they are afraid to make mistakes. In addition, Isyuniandri (2014) also found that 49.11% students got error in vowel, 18.70% in consonant, and 32.18% in diphthong.
In short, pronunciation is important because it deals with how to produce speech sound correctly, which is related to meaning. We need good pronunciation to avoid misunderstanding. It can be seen in the students’ academic activities, especially for English Department students. They have a lot of English presentation in their study. Moreover, after they have graduated and become English teachers, they will speak English much during the teaching learning process in front of their students to transfer their knowledge. For that reason, the researcher conducts a study on pronunciation error performance of first-semester students in English Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
1.2 Statement of Problem
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1.3Purpose of Study
Based on the statement of problem above, the purpose of this study is to know the segmental phonemes errors made by the students at first-semester of English Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang in learning English pronunciation.
1.4Scope and Limitation of Problem
In order to give a clear description of this study, it is necessary to make the scope and limitation. The scope of this study is intended to analyze the errors of pronunciation which is only focusing at segmental phonemes. It is limited to the students at first-semester in Class C of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang, academic year of 2015/2016 in learning pronunciation practice.
1.5Significance of Study
The result of this study is expected to be useful for the readers, the University of Muhammadiyah Malang itself and also for students who are interested in English education. This result is also expected to be useful for the teacher of English language, as a feedback in teaching English especially in teaching pronunciation or speaking, it can offer clear and reliable picture of students’ knowledge of the target languages, especially in pronunciation. On the
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1.6Definitions of Key Terms
1. Error : “Noticeable deviation from the adult grammar of a native speaker, reflecting the interlingua competence of the learner”
(Brown, 2000).
2 Pronunciation : “The way in which English or particular English
