ANTI DUMPING DALAM PERDAGANGAN
INTERNASIONAL: SINKRONISASI PERATURAN ANTI
DUMPING INDONESIA TERHADAP WTO ANTI DUMPING
AGREEMENT
TESIS
Oleh :
RITA ERLINA
047005012/HK
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
A N T I - D U M P I N G I N I N T E R N A T I O N A L T R A D E : S Y N C H R O N I Z A T I O N O F
Article VI General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) 1994 governing anti-dumping is one of important instruments for the security of domestics industry of WTO members from unfair trade in the form of dumping action. Article VI GATT 1994 permits the authority of one nation to have additional customs duty in the form of anti-dumping custom duty toward imported products which are sold under price or with cheaper price from domestics’ price of the original products. The practice causes the loss for domestics industry from the original country where the products marketed. In order the custom duty will not be as the hindrance for the t r a d e . W i t h t h e r e a s o n t o p r o t e c t d o m e s t i c s i n d u s t r i e s , W T O m a n a g e s comprehensively the ways of charging the custom duty to anti-dumping.
Indonesia is as one of WTO members and ratified all WTO agreement based on Act No.7 of 1994 and it has implemented the clause at Article VI GATT 1994 through Government Rule No.34 of 1996 regarding Anti-Dumping Fee and returned fee. This rule gives authority in Indonesia to charge the custom duty of anti-dumping either for the temporary or for imported goods as dumping products. It is surely after checking process by special committee formed by the government. By using normative law research method with qualitative data analysis, various problems related to the policy in anti-dumping in Indonesia is described.
The policy on anti-dumping in Indonesia is as a part from general policy on custom duty field. Here, Government Rule No.34 of 1996 is the basic implementation of anti-dumping and it is made as the implementation rule from Act No.10 of 1995 about the customs duty. Here. Government rule from Act No 10 of 1995 about customs duty.
*Studentof Law Science Magister of School of Post Graduates Studies, North Sumatera Unversity.
The implementation of anti-dumping policy in Indonesia involves various institutions with special function and tasks, namely Indonesian of Anti-Dumping Committee ( K A D I ) , M i n i s t r y o f T r a d e , M i n i s t r y o f F i n a n c i a l , G e n e r a l D i r e c t o r a t e o f Customs Office, Tax Dispute Resolution Board. Although, on its implementation Government Rule NO 34 of 1996 gives much protection o domestics industry, it still has various problems either in the case of its implementation or its enforcement and its availability limit of human resources. However, generally the research on the policy of anti-dumping shows that the material of Government Rule No.34 of 196 has been synchronized with Anti Dumping Agreement, as it is attached in Article VI GATT 1994. Even, most of the material of government rule is similar to article VI GATT 1994. Further, based on review result, it is recommended to have the remedy on the rules of anti-dumping in Indonesia, the enforcement of i n s t i t u t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y A n t i D u m p i n g C o m m i t t e e i n I n d o n e s i a . A l s o , t h e socialization from the rule of anti-dumping should be empowered, particularly by those business doers in order to know, understand and finally to use anti-dumping instrument for the sake of protecting domestics industries and national economy in general. Socialization is very important since the initial application of anti-dumping is the existence of claim from business field.
Key words: - Import duty of anti-dumping - International trade
A N T I D U M P I N G D A L A M P E R D A G A N G A N I N T E R N A S I O N A L :
Article VI General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) 1994 yang me n g a tu r
t e n t ang a nti du mp i ng me r u p a k an s a l a h s a tu i n s tr u me n p e nt in g. , ba g i p e n g a m a n a n i n d u s t r i d a l a m n e g e r i s u a t u n e g a r a a n g g o t a W T O d a r i p r a k t e k perdagangan tidak adil (unfair trade) yang dilakukan dalam bentuk tindakan dumping. Article VI GATT 1994 ini mengijinkan otoritas di suatu negara untuk mengenakan bea tambahan dalam bentuk bea anti dumping terhadap produk-produk impor yang diduga dijual di bawah harga normal atau harga lebih murah dari harga di p a s a r d o m e s t i k d a r i n e g a r a a s a l b a r a n g , s e h i n g g a p r a k t e k y a n g d e m i k i a n menimbulkan kerugian bagi industri di dalam negeri dari negara tempat di pasarkan barang tersebut. Meskipun demikian, agar pengenaan bea masuk anti dumping ini justru tidak dipergunakan sebagai hambatan perdagangan dengan alasan melindungi industri dalam negeri, maka WTO mengatur secara komprehensif tata cara pengenaan bea masuk anti dumping.
Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara anggota WTO dan telah meratifikasi s e l u r u h k e s e p a k a t a n W T O b e r d a s a r k a n U U N o . 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 4 t e l a h mengimplementasikan ketentuan Article VI GATT 1994 melalui PP No. 34 Tahun 1996 tentang Bea Masuk Anti Dumping dan Bea Masuk Imbalan. PP ini memberikan wewenang kepada otoritas di Indonesia untuk mengenakan bea masuk anti dumping baik yang sifatnya sementara maupun tetap terhadap barang-barang impor yang diduga sebagai barang dumping. Tentunya setelah melalui proses pemeriksaan atau penyelidikan yang dilakukan Komite yang khusus dibentuk pemerintah untuk itu. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan analisis data kualitatif, coba diuraikan berbagai permasalahan terkait kebijakan anti dumping di Indonesia.
Kebijakan anti dumping di Indonesia merupakan bagian dari kebijakan umum b i d a n g k e p a b e a n a n . O l e h k a r e n a i t u P P N o . 3 4 T a h u n 1 9 9 6 s e b a g a i d a s a r pelaksanaan anti dumping diletakkan sebagai peraturan pelaksana dari UU No. 10 1995 tentang Kepabeanan. Pelaksanaan kebijakan anti dumping di Indonesia
*Mahasiswa Magister Ilmu Hukum Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara.
melibatkan berbagai lembaga yang masing-masing memiliki fungsi dan tugas khusus, y akni Komite Anti Dumping Indonesia (KADI), Menteri Perdagangan, Menteri Keuangan, Direktur Jenderal Bea dan Cukai dan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Pajak. Meskipun dalam pelaksanaannya PP No. 34 Tahun 1996 telah banyak memberikan p e r l i n d u n g a n t e r h a d a p i n d u s t r i d a l a m n e g e r i , n a m u n m a s i h t e r d a p a t b e r b a g a i permasalahan dalam penerapannya, baik terkait dengan substansi aturan maupun cara penegakannya dan keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, Namun, secara umum kajian kebijakan anti dumping memperlihatkan bahwa materi dari PP No. 34 Tahun 1996 tersebut sinkron dengan Anti Dumping Agreement yang tercantum dalam Article VI GATT
1994. Bahkan kebanyakan dari materi PP tersebut sama dengan ketentuan Article VI
GATT 1994. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil kajian direkomendasikan saran yang, pada
dasarnya adalah menyangkut perlunya penyempurnaan peraturan anti dumping di Indonesia, penguatan kelembagaan, khususnya Komite Anti Dumping Indonesia dan perlu diperkuat sosialisasi dari peraturan anti dumping itu sendiri, agar masyarakat khususnya kalangan dunia usaha mengetahui, mernahami dan akhirnya memanfaatkan instrumen anti dumping guna melindungi industri di dalam negeri dan p e r e k o n o m i a n n a s i o n a l p a d a u m u m n y a . S o s i a l i s a s i i n i s a n g a t p e n t i n g k a r e n a bagaimana pun juga prakarsa awal penerapan anti dumping adalah pengaduan yang dilakukan oleh dunia usaha.
Kata Kunci : - Bea Masuk Anti Dumping - Perdagangan Internasional
