i
PROCRASTINATION IN THE EXECUTION OF ACADEMIC TASK
DONE BY SOME ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF 2008
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
By:
LENNY RUCI DERMAWATI
07360213
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
PROCRASTINATION IN THE EXECUTION OF ACADEMIC TASK
DONE BY SOME ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF 2008
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Language Education Departement
By:
LENNY RUCI DERMAWATI
07360213
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
“
To get a succes, your courage must be grater than your fear
”
anonimus
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise is to God, Allah SWT The Almighty, Beneficent, and Merciful. By His guidance and blessing, the writer of the thesis can finish writing the thesis.
The writer of the thesis would like to express his gratitude and thanks to his advisor, Drs. Jarum, M.Ed and his second advisor, Drs. Imam Mahfudz, for
their guidance’s, kindness and patient in giving their precious time and knowledge
to finish the thesis and also the best regard is given to all of the lectures of English Department.
The great regard and gratitude are given to her beloved mother, father, sister and his special friend who always give love, affection, attention, prayer and support to the writer of the thesis.
Malang, January 24, 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
LEGALIZATION ... iii
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ... iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... v
ABSTRACT ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii
CHAPTER IIREVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Procrastination ... 6
2.1.1 Definition of procrastination ... 6
2.1.2 Type of Procrastination ... 7
2.1.3 The Causes of Procrastination ... 12
2.2 Academic Procrastination ... 13
2.2.1 Definition of Academic Procrastination ... 13
2.2.2 Consequences of Academic Procrastination ... 15
2.2.3 Rates of Academic Procrastination ... 18
2.3 Ways to Break the Procrastination Habits ... 19
ix
CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design ... 31
3.2 Population and Sample ... 31
3.3 Research instrument ... 32
3.4 Datacollection and analysis ... 32
3.4.1 Data collection ... 33
3.4.2 Data analysis ... 33
CHAPTER IVRESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ... 35
4.2 Discussion ... 38
CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 41
5.2 Suggestion ... 42
REFERENCES ... 43
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Numerical Values Categories ... 33 Table 3.2 Total Score Classification ... 34 Table 4.1 The level of procrastination in the execution of academic task done
by the English Department students of 2008 of UMM ... 35 Table 4.2 the willingness to decrease in the execution of academic task by
the English Department students of 2008 of UMM ... 36 Table 4.3 The reasons of procrastination in the execution of academic task by
xi
REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2005. Manajemen Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
Binder, Kelly. 2000. The Effects of an Academic Procrastination Treatment on Student Procrastination and Subjective Well-Being. Thesis. FacuIty of Graduate Studies and Research, Carleton University.
Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. 2007. Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theories and Methods. (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
Brown, Flora M. 2001. Procrastination: Cause and Cure, Part 1, Part 2. 1 June 2001 and 20 Oct 2004. http://www.suite101.com
Burka J. B., Yuen L. M. 1983. Procrastination: Why You Do It, What to Do About It. New York: Addison-Wessley.
Caruana, Gaetano. 2008, 28 February. Procrastination: Effects of Procrastination.
http://www.successful-blog.com/1/procrastination-effects-of-procrastination/
Cornyn-Selby, Alyce P. 1986. Procrastinator's Success Kit: How to Get What You Really Want from Yourself. Oregon, United States: Beynch Press.
Elvers, Greg C., Polzella, Donal J., Graetz, K. (2003). Procrastination in Online Courses: Performance and Attitudinal Differences. Journal of Teaching of Psychology. Vol. 30 No. 2, 2003. 159-162.
Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. 2006. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Free Dictionary. Level. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/level
Gargari, R. B., Sabouri, H., Norzad, F. (2011). Academic procrastination: The relationship between causal attribution styles and behavioral postponement. Iran Journal Psychiatry Behavior Science, Volume 5, Number 2, Autumn and Winter 2011, 76-82.
Gendron, Amy Lilas. 2005. Active Procrastination, Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement in University Undergraduates. Thesis. Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria
Hoover, Eric. (2005). Tomorrow, I Love Ya! The Chronicle of Higher Eductation. Volume 52, Issue 16, Page A30, December 2005.
Knaus, Bill. 2010. Substance Abuse and Procrastination Habits. http://www.smartrecovery.org/resources/library/Articles_and_Essays/Most _Popular/procrastination.pdf
Landreneau, K. J. 2005. Sampling Strategies. http://www.natco1.org/Professional-Development/files/Research%20Guidelines/Sampling%20Strategies.pdf Lay, C. (1986). At last, my research article on procrastination. Journal of
Research in Personality, 20, 474-495.
Malhotra, N. K. 2005. Chapter 5: Questionnaire Design and Scale Development. http://www.terry.uga.edu/~rgrover/chapter_5.pdf
McMilan, J. H. & Schumacher, S. 1993. Research in Education. A Conceptual Introduction. New York: Longman Publishers.
Muraven, M., Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1999). Longitudinal improvement of self-regulation through practice: Building self-control strength through repeated exercise. The Journal of Social Psychology. 139 (4), 446-457.
Newman, Rochelle. 2005. Sampling. http://www.info-pollution.com/ evidence.htm
Rakes G.C., Dunn, K.E. (2010). The impact of online graduate students’ motivation and self- regulation on academic procrastination. Journal Interactive Online Learning, 9(1): 78-93.
Rosalina, Awaina. (2009). The implementation of teaching thinking skills in social studies: a case study in Al-marjan primary school, West Java Indonesia. Unpublished master directed research. International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Rosario, Pedro, Marta Costa, Jose C Nunez, J Gonzalez-Pienda, Paula Solano, Antonio Valle. 2009. Academic Procrastination: Associations with Personal, School, and Family Variables. The Spanish Journal of Psychology. Vol. 2, No. 1, 2009. 118-127.
xiii
Rumiani. 2006. Prokrastinasi Akademik Ditinjau dari Motivasi Berprestasi dan Stres Mahasiswa. Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Diponegoro. Vol. 3, No. 2, Desember 2006, 37-48
Schraw, G., Wadkins, T., & Olafson, L. (2007). Doing the things we do: A grounded theory of academic procrastination. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 12-25.
Senecal C, Julien E, Guay F (2003). Role conflict and academic procrastination: A self-determination perspective. Europe Journal Social Psychology, 33: 135-145.
Sepehrian, F. & Loft, J. J. (2011). The Effects of Coping Styles and Gender on Academic Procrastination among University Students. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(12), 2011. 2987-2993,
Siniscalco, M. T., & Auriat, Nadia. 2004. Quantitative Research Method in Educational Planning. http://www.sacmeq.org and http://www. unesco.org/iiep
Sirin, Erkan Faruk. 2011. Academic procrastination among undergraduates attending school of physical education and sports: Role of general procrastination, academic motivation and academic self-efficacy. Educational Research and Reviews. Vol. 6(5), pp. 447-455, May 2011.
Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 503–509.
Tamiru, Tiruwork. 2011. Academic Procrastination and Causal Perception of Tabor Senior Secondary Students Ethiopia. (Online), http://www.afrrevjo.net/journals/multidiscipline/vol_2_num_2_art_3_tiru work.pdf
Wolters, C. A. (2003). Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95,179–187. Warner, 2009
Yamauchi, K.T. (1987). Procrastination: Ten Ways to Do It Now. Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book. Vol. 6, 1987, pp. 431-433.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I of this research proposal presents the topics of background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key term. Each topic is presented as follows.
1.1 Background of the study
According to the Chronicle of Higher Education in Good (2008), 70% of college students typically procrastinate on their academic tasks. The long-term deadlines, abundance of free time and extra-curricular activities produce a perfect environment for procrastination.
2
Procrastination occurs in every individual regardless of age, gender, or status as a worker or student. William, in Burka and Yuen (1983:4), estimates that 90% of college students have become procrastinator, 25% are chronical procrastinator and they generally discontinue their education in college. Solomon and Rothblum (1984:505) conducted a study in one university in the United States with subjects of 322 people. The data procrastination on academic tasks revealed that 46% of research subjects do procrastination in doing their jobs.
Solomon and Rothblum (1984) said that procrastination is a tendency to delay the start or finish in the overall performance for the other activities that are not useful, so that performance becomes blocked, never completing the task on time, and often late to the course. Ellis and Knaus, in Rumiani (2006:38), found that nearly 70% of students do procrastination.
By looking at this phenomenon, we know that procrastination appears to be something common in the academic world. People tend to avoid the tasks that are not fun for them. Although it looks common, actually procrastination can have serious consequences for students who live in the academic world. According to Solomon and Rothblum (1984), academic procrastination behavior will increase the length of an individual in his education. This means that the longer the course, the more severe the levels of procrastination tendencies.
3
academic tasks and whether they think it is a problem, with higher scores indicating higher self-reported procrastination. The second part deals with the factors behind the procrastination. The study found that fear of failure and task evasiveness were the two main reasons why college students procrastinated (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984). Fear of failure is usually manifested as performance anxiety, lack of self-confidence and perfectionism.
Procrastination can negatively affect on student studies. Caruana (2008), said that procrastination has devastating effects on the person who does it and is completely not worth. The effects of procrastination are sense of guilty, becoming a liar, pruning to other vices, and health problems. The effects of procrastination
can disturb the student’s education.
From the observations of the researcher, there are quite a lot of students who do procrastination. There are several students at English Department in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang who still procrastinate doing their academic tasks with a variety of reasons. By interview results with some students, researcher found that the main reason students do the task delay is because they are lazy to do it. Laziness can be caused by many things, such as lack of motivation, support, desire, or because the time set for completing the task is still long, and others.
4
1.2 Statement of the problem
Based on the background of the study, the research problem is: How is the procrastination in the execution of academic task done by some English Department students of 2008 University of Muhammadiyah Malang?
1.3 Purpose of the study
Based on research question above, the purpose of this study is: To investigate the procrastination in the execution of academic task done by some English Department students of 2008, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
1.4 Significance of the study
This research is very important because it can give detail information about the procrastination done by some students, especially for the English Department students of UMM. This research means to do exploration to the procrastination done by some English Department students of 2008. This research is important for some students to know their procrastination. For the English Department, this research is important to contribute knowledge development about student’s procrastination in the English Department. For the next researchs, this research is also important as a reference for similar research.
1.5 Scope and limitation
5
1.6 Definition of the key term
In order to clarify and to avoid misunderstanding on this study the writer gives the definition of key term that used in this study.
1. Level is relative position or rank on a scale (http://www.thefreedictionary.com /level). In this research level means the classifications of the academic procrastination including low, middle, and high degree of procrastination. 2. The procrastination is the act of needlessly delaying task to the point of
experiencing subjective discomfort (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984). 3. Academic procrastination is failing to perform an activity within the
