THE ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTION
USED IN THE NOVEL ELEVENTH HOUR
A PAPER
BY
DESSY PURNAMA WATI TAMPUBOLON
REG. NO. 092202009
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
MEDAN
It has been proved by Supervisor,
NIP. 19571117 198303 2 002 Dr.Deliana, M.Hum
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.
Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatra
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III
Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University
of North Sumatera.
The examination is held on June 2011
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera Dean,
NIP. 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
Board of Examiners Signature
AUTHOR'S DECLARATION
I, DESSY PURNAMA WATI TAMPUBOLON, declare that I am the sole author of this paper.
Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material
published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for
or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this
paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary
education.
Signed : ...……….
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : DESSY PURNAMA WATI TAMPUBOLON
Title of Paper : The Analysis of Conjunction Used In The Novel Eleventh Hour
Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian
of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users
are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed : ….………..
ABSTRAK
Banyak aspek yang dapat di bahas dalam tata bahasa inggris dan salah satunya adalah kata penghubung. Kalimat ada yang menggunakan kata penghubung ada juga yang tidak. Kata penghubung fungsinya dipakai untuk menyambung atau menghubungkan dua kata atau kalimat menjadi satu kalimat yang lengkap. Kata penghubung dapat di klasifikasikan menjadi dua yaitu coordinating conjunction dan subordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat yang setara, yang termasuk kedalamnya adalah and, but, or, yet, furthermore, besides, again dan similar.
Subordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan kalimat yang tidak setara, subordinating conjunction dapat di klasifikasikan berdasarkan fungsinya yaitu : sebab (as, because, for, whereas, wherefore), perbandingan(as…as, as well as, rather….than),
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing
and giving me health, strength and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to
get Diploma III certificate from English Department Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera
Utara.
Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, MA as the Head of English Diploma Study Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum as my supervisor. Thank you for the valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this paper.
Thanks to my reader, Dra. Hartisari, M.A who has read my paper and correct it,
Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., as the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara. All lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and knowledges.
Greatest thanks are fully dedicated to my dearest parents, SM. Tampubolon and CH.Br. Marpaung, Who have patiently given moral, spiritual, and financial support, everlasting love and their prayers, together with my beloved sisters: C. Br Tampubolon S.S, my brother R. Tampubolon ,ST, Mangasih Tampubolon ,S.E, and my little brother and my little sister Daniel Tampubolon and Dwita Febryani Tampubolon for all unending support and prayer.
Thanks for all my techers in SMA N 1 TORGAMBA, especially to W. Marpaung, S.Pd, and E.Br. Panggabaean, A.md, Thank you for your attention and support.
Thanks to all my sisters in boarding house Debora HF. Br Hutagalung S.Sos, Hanna Br. Hutagalung S.Pd, Tetty Br. Lumbangaol, Rodearni Br. Sitopu A.md, Vica Br. Saragih S.S. Lusiana, Lusiani br. Sianipar Thanks for your support, time, and love.
Thanks to all my friend from Senior High School Santi Br. Saragih, yu agus lestari, Bungaria Sipayung, Irwanto Pardomuan Hasibuan, Bonni Parican Nababan, Cristi alianda Sianipar (tondi), and small group in SAMAWA. Thank you very much for your support.
My best friend Tiur Cross (tukek), Jenni .P. Nababan (sibere), Juita Ulandari Br. Saragih (Ucil), Mentari fitri annisa, nisa anjelina Br. Perangin-angin, Riski Adi Perdamaian Mendofra ( My Crab), Andoz Sinaga, Andrey Siburian, thanks you for your supports, advice, love and time. I will bi miss our time together, I love you all.
My lovely friends in Diploma III English study program, Farah Bella Allyza, Sulaiman Rambe, Rajendra Purba, Usman Halomoan Ritonga, Fermeni Br. Ginting, Hernida Br. Siregar, Bungaran Petra, Susi susanti, Novita Van CS, primadita Manurung, Lia Malemta, Thanks for your support.
My Diploma III English study program’s organization, SOLIDAS. Thanks for all my
brothers and my sisters.
Thnk you for all Junior Diploma III English stuy progrm’s. Thanks for your support and
Thank you for everybody who has been mentioned, just be sure that all of you will be
remembered forever.
Medan, 2012
The writer,
Reg. No. 092202009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………vii
1. INTRODUCTION………...1
1.1 The Background of the Study………...1
1.2 The Problem of the Study……...……….………..2
1.3 The Scope of the Study………….……….2
1.4 The Purpose of the Study………..……….2
1.5 The Reason for Choosing the Topic………...2
1.6 The Method of the Study………...3
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………4
2.1 The Concept of Conjunctions……….4
2.2 Kinds of Conjunctions………...4
2.2.1 Coordinating Conjunctions……….4
2.2.2 Correlative Conjunctions………7
2.2.3 Subordinating Conjunctions………...8
2.3 The Difference Between Coordination and Subordination…………...11
3. THE ANALYSIS...12
3.1 Coordinating Conjunctions...12
3.2 Correlative Conjunctions...16
3.3 Subordinating Conjunctions...17
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION...28
4.1 Conclusions...28
4.2 Suggestions...29
REFERENCES……….30
ABSTRAK
Banyak aspek yang dapat di bahas dalam tata bahasa inggris dan salah satunya adalah kata penghubung. Kalimat ada yang menggunakan kata penghubung ada juga yang tidak. Kata penghubung fungsinya dipakai untuk menyambung atau menghubungkan dua kata atau kalimat menjadi satu kalimat yang lengkap. Kata penghubung dapat di klasifikasikan menjadi dua yaitu coordinating conjunction dan subordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat yang setara, yang termasuk kedalamnya adalah and, but, or, yet, furthermore, besides, again dan similar.
Subordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan kalimat yang tidak setara, subordinating conjunction dapat di klasifikasikan berdasarkan fungsinya yaitu : sebab (as, because, for, whereas, wherefore), perbandingan(as…as, as well as, rather….than),
ABSTRACT
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
Language is a communication tool for people. By using language people can inform
many things and express what they want to show of their feeling. Languages are different
between one region with another, each of them is different in grammar, not only in writing but
also in speaking.
Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “Conjunctions are words how to connect one word to other
word. Conjunctions have three kinds such as coordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction,
and subordinating conjunction. “
Conjunctions is one word that can to connect one word to other word or sentences to
other sentence. Conjunctions can we find in article, magazine,and other.
This is a mystery novel involving the (apparently) recurring characters of Dillon and
Sherlock Sarvick. A string of murders unites FBI agent Dane Carver with the local police of San
Fransisco and a homeless woman, with whom Carver falls in love, of course. The homeless
woman’s hidden past and Carver’s present combined serve to tell the story of several serial
killers in California. In this novel also story about Michael Joseph is viciously murderedin San
Fransisco.
The writer choose the novel of Eleventh Hour because in this novel have many
conjunctions from chapter to chapter and the writer has read the novel and know about the story
in the novel of Eleventh Hour.
In this paper the write will analyze about novel of Eleventh Hour who written by Catherine
novel of Eleventh Hour is interesting to be analyzed because the story about a murdered. Besides
that, the writer wants to know how often the kinds of conjunctions are used in the novel of
Eleventh Hour.
1.2 The Problem of the study
The problems of the study are as follows:
1) What kind of conjunctions used in the Novel Eleventh Hour ?
2) What are the most dominant conjunctions found in the Novel Eleventh Hour?
1.3 The Scope of the Study
Learning English Grammar is not an easy things because English is not second language
of Indonesian people. In order to make the learners not to be confused in learning this paper, the
writer limits the study on conjunctions used in the novel.
1.4 The Purpose of the Study
1) To describe the kind of conjunctions used in the Novel Eleventh Hour.
2) To find out the most dominant conjunctions in the Novel Eleventh Hour.
1.5 The Reasons for Choosing the Topic
The writer choose the topics about conjunctions in this novel of Eleventh Hour because it
is interesting to discusses.
The writer used library research in writing this paper. The first step is the writer reads the
novel to understand the story. Having understood the writer reads many books. The second step
2.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The Concept of Conjunctions
Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “ conjunctions are words how to connect one word to other
word . Conjunctions have three kinds such as coordinating conjunction, correlative
conjunction, and subordinating conjunction.
2.2 Kinds of Conjunctions
There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative
conjunctions, and subordinating conjunction.
2.2.1 Coordinating conjunctions Coordinating Conjunction
Rudyanto (2011:68) said, ”Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are
conjunctions that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main
clauses, or sentences.”
Example:
He plays squash and rugby Andre is small but strong.
You have to come on time or I will leave without you.
The Functions of Coordinating Conjunctions
Pardiyono (2005:37) said, “Coordinating conjunctions work to connect subject,
predicate,and object like adjective or noun. Among the coordinating conjunctions, the most
common of course are and, but, and or. To show contrast, to link with any some choice. The examples below by no means exhaust the possible meanings of these conjunctions:
And
To suggest that one idea is chronoligicaly sequential to another: "They gamble, and they smoke."
To suggest that one idea is the result of another: “Zack heard the weather report and promptly
boarded up his house.”
To suggest a kind of “Comment” on the first clause: “ Charlie became addicted to gambling-and
that surprised no one who knew him.”
To suggest that one idea is in contrast to another (Frequently replaced by but in this usage):
“Risky is brilliant and Zack has a pleasant personality.”
BUT
To suggest a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause, “Gerry lost a fortune in the
stock market, but he still seems able to live quite comfortably.”
To connect two ideas with the meaning of “with the exception of” ( and then the second word
takes over as subject): “ Everybody but Glin trying to out from the house.”
OR
To suggest that only one possibility can be realized, excluding oneor the other. “ You may buy a
newspaper or magazine.”
To suggest the inclusive combination of alternatives: “ are you going to the party, or will you
stay home?”
To suggest a negative condition“ The New Hampshire state motto is the rather grim “ Live free
or die.”
To suggest a restatement or “ correction“ of the first part of the sentence: “ There are no
rattlesnakes in this canyon, or so our guide tell us.”
To suggest a negative alternative without the use of an important (see use orand above
YET
): “They
must approve his political style or they wouldn’t keep electing him mayor.”
But and yet show contrast. Yet is sometimes considered a conjunction adverb like however, rather
than a coordinate conjunction: “Teddy is vegetarian,Yet she eats chicken.”
The Punctuation of Coordinating Conjunctions
Two patterns in writing use coordinating conjunction. Add commas when required.
Pattern 1 – Connecting two main clauses
When you connect two main clauses with a coordinating conjunction, use a comma. The
pattern looks like this:
Main clause +, coordinating conjunction + main clause Example:
Pattern 2 – connecting two items
You can also use a coordinating conjunction to connect any two items. These items can be
any grammatical unit except. The pattern looks like this:
Item + coordinating conjunction + item
Example:
My cat Gerry has too many fleas and too much hair.
2.2.2Correlative conjunctions
Wishon (1980:136) said, “Correlative conjunction may be used to join two basic sentence
patterns or two parallel elements of any kind.”
Kinds of correlative conjunctions
Either…..nor…
Example :Either you will go, or I will protest
Neither…nor…
Example : Thirty years ago, people knew about neither spaceships nor astronauts.
Both…and…
Example :Both my mother and my sister are like Twilight
Not only…but also…
Example : She is not only beautiful, but she is also clever.
Observe these examples of correlative conjunctions used to join both sentence part and
whole sentences. Note the inversion of word order in the last example.
Example:
Either you will confess, or I will complain.
Both Erik and Julia are in love with my sister
He is neither dependable nor trustworth
2.2.3 Subordinating conjunctions
Rudyanto (2011:68) said, ”A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent
word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or dependent) clause and
establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also
turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.”
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions can be classified basic their function , such as:
Cause or reason (sebab, alasan).
Such as: as, because, for, since, whereas,wherefor.
Examples:
Caitlin couldn’t go to work today because her grandmother died
Comparation (Perbandingan)
Such as: although, though, even though, however, nevertheless.
Examples:
He did not defend himself even though people gave many false accusations to him. Damien will never be a famous singer however hard her tries to fulfill his dreams. Condition (syarat)
Such as: if, unless, whether, as if, since.
Examples :
James is confused whether to study art in Paris or business in London. I will not tell you my secret unless you tell me yours.
Manner (cara)
Such as :how, as, as far as, according.
Examples:
The situation in Japan is still unstable, according to the news.
I still can’t believe how Dominic could get here in less than ten minutes. Purpose (tujuan, maksud)
Such as: that, in order to, so that, lest.
Will is taking cooking lessons now so that he can be a chef.
John studies very hard in order to b be able to be able to win a scholarship. Time (waktu)
Such as: while, as, as soon as, since, before, after, as longas, whenever, until
Examples :
I will feel safe as long as you are here with me.
Brooklyn will not feel satisfied until she gets what she wants.
The Punctuation of Subordinating Conjunctions
When you attach a subordinate conjunctions in front of a main clause, use a comma, like
this :
Subordinate conjunctions + main clause
Example:
Even though the broccoli was covered in cheddar cheese, Emily refused to eat it.
When you attach a subordinate conjunctions at the end a main clause, you will generally use
no punctuation, like this :
Main clause + subordinate clause
Example:
Tania did poorly on her history exam because her best friend Giselle insisted on gossiping during
The Difference Between Coordination and Subordination
A coordinating conjunction can join two main clauses that a writer wants to emphasize
equally. The pattern for coordination looks like this :main clause + , coordinating conjunction + main clause.
Subordination, however, emphasizes the idea in the main clause more than the one in
subordinate clause, Generally, the pattern look like this:
3.
THE ANALYSIS
In this chapter the writer will analyze the conjunctions which are found in Eleventh Hour
novel. The writer finds out that there are three kinds of conjunctions namely: coordinating
conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.
3.1 Coordinating Conjunctions
Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “ coordinating conjuctions also called coordinators are
conjunction that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main
clauses, or sentences”.The most common used of coordinating conjunction are and, but, or, and
yet.
And
There are four functions of coordinating conjunction ‘and’. The first one is one idea is chronologically squantial to another. The second is one idea is the result of another. The third is
a kind of comment of the first clause. The fourth is one idea is in contrast in another.
One idea is chronologically squantial to another
Examples:
With not single long leg showing, and not a single long red nail
He was looking at one of the computer screens, and humming the theme from gone with the
wind.
No, eight shows were shot last summer, and into early fall.
Archbishop Lugano and Bishop Koshlap both stopped and spoke to him, each of them placing
his hand on Dane’s shoulder to give comfort, dane supposed
All sentences above show that the using of coordinating conjunction ‘and´is one idea is chronologically squantial to another.
One idea is the result of another
Examples:
His cell phone rang and he excused himself. She started crying and then she hang up.
He said, pulled off another paper towel and joined her.
“No stay seated for a minute, Dane and we’ll make some plans.
All sentences above show that the using of coordinating conjunction ‘and´is the idea is the result of another.
One idea is a kind of comment on the first clause.
Examples:
I’ve thinking there murders in San Francisco-and no tie-in among the victims that anyone can find.
She is beautiful, and most important, the camera loves her face.
The sentences above show that the using of coordinating conjunction ‘and´is kind of common on the first clause.
One idea is in contrast to another
Examples:
No clear, and present danger to her.
But
There are three functions of coordinating conjunction ‘but’. The first one is a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause. The second is to connect two ideas with the
meaning. The third is to show contrast.
A contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause
Examples:
Delion made a grab for her, but missed.
I’ll certainly try, but I really don’t know anything.
The sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘but´is the idea a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause.
To connect two ideas with the meaning
Examples:
I took time, so much precious time, but finally Sherlock was right next to Nick. All people but Savich trying to out from the build.
I was thinking about letting you have a got at Milton, but he knew you.
All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘but´is to connect two ideas with the meaning.
To show contrast
Examples:
He was older, but not old.
Well, not in all things, but in many.
All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘but´is to show contrast.
Or
There are three function of coordinating conjunction ‘or’. The first is one possibility can be realized. The second is the inclusive combination of alternatives. The third is a negative
alternative without the use an important. One possibility can be realized.
Examples:
No, leave it done or I’ll disappear. There’ll be a photo or a video?
Wish there was some popcorn or something.
All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘or´is one possibility can be realized.
The inclusive combination of alternative.
Examples:
There was planning here, his selection of my brother, or maybe any priest would do.
Nick said,”how do they select which episode is played each week? Or are they aired in a specific
sequence.
All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘or´is the inclusive combination of alternative.
A negative alternative without the use of an important.
Do you want to stay in the City or go to your sister’s? He wasn’t wearing a hat or anything.
You can’t throw the eight ball at her or I’ll have to arrest you.
All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘or´is a negative alternative without the use of an important.
Yet
There is only one function of coordinating conjunction ‘yet’ that is as an adverb. As an adverb
Examples:
It hadn’t really sunk in yet, which was probably a blessing.
The first how murders were detailed yet again.
She lightly slapped the old man’s cheeks, once, twice, yet again.
All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘yet´is a an adverb. 3.2 Correlative Conjunctions
Wishon (1980:136) said, “A correlative conjunction used to join two basic sentence
patterns or two parallel elements of any kind. Kinds of correlative conjunctions are:
either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…, not only…but also… Either…or…
The function of correlative conjunction ‘either…or…’ is to join two basic sentence. Examples:
He either knew who she was or he found out.
The sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘either…or…is to join two basic sentence.
Neither …nor…
The function of correlative conjunction ‘neither…or…’ is to join two basic sentence. Examples:
That is neither here nor there whole things best forgotten.
The example above show that the using of correlative conjunction ‘neither…nor…’ is to join two basic sentence.
3.3 Subordinating Conjunctions
Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “ a subordinating conjunction (sometimes called a dependent
word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a subordinate (or dependent) clause and
establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also
turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning. There are
seven types of subordinating conjunction namely: cause or reason, comparison, concession, condition, manner, purpose, and time.
Cause or reason
There are six kinds of cause such as: as, because, for, since, whereas, wherefore. Because
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘but’ is to show cause or reason. Examples:
She was here because Father Michael Joseph had begged her to come, had begged her to let him help he
You can catch some really big stars over there because the place is so opulent
He lowered the gun, thoughtful now because Father Michael Joseph had slumped back against the wooden confessional wall.
I called you because I knew you’d want to hear what was going on.
Yeah, that’s it. Also Zopp told us it was weird because it’s like the same gun the Zodiac killer used back in the late six.
At Nick’s nod, because she really couldn’t speak. That’s good, because I bite back.
The heavens should be weeping, Father Binney had said, because Father Michael Joseph had been so cruelly, so madly, slain.
All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘because’ is to show cause.
As
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as’ is to show cause or reason. Example:
As the rubber was finally stripped away the God-awful screeching of steel against filled the air.
The sentence above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘as’ is to show cause. Comparison
There are four kind of comparison namely as…as…, as well as, rather…than, than. As…as…
Even as delicate as I am, I can sure see why. He simply held on as tightly as he could. She went nearly as white as his shirt.
The land looked wild, all thick fire the forest as far as she could she. I honestly believe you should take yourself as far away as possible. The old man, now as sharp as any of them.
His face as white as his beautifully laundry shirt.
All the sentence above that the using subordinating conjunction ‘as…as…’ is to show comparison.
Than
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as…as…’ is to show comparison. Examples: It’s hardly worse than what Milton’s bullet did to your head.
For more than thirty years you’ve thumbed your nose at everybody. You look better today than you did yesterday.
Dane said,” he killed two more people in the show than he did in San Francisco.
All the sentence above that the using subordinating conjunction ‘than’ to show comparison.
Concession
There are five kind of concession, namely: although, though, even though, however, nevertheless.
Although
She’d been gone three years, and he’d divorced her, although she’d never responded. You need help, although I doubt anyone could help the sickness in you.
The sentences above that the using of subordinating conjunction ‘although’ is to show concession.
Though
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘though’ is to show concession . Examples:
First, though she wanted to see what was behind that hidden panel. The fact was, though, he was dying.
Actually, though this commissary doesn’t compare to the one over at Universal.
All the sentences above that the using subordinating conjunction ‘though’ is to show concession.
Even though
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘ even though’ is to show concession Examples:
Oh, you look so much like him, it’s a shock even though I’ve seen a picture with two of you. Dane asked to look through his brother’s room even though Delion had already searched it. She thought in that moment that even though he wanted her to talk to him.
Listen no, even though the first two episodes are Weldon’s.
Condition
There are five kinds of condition namely : if, unless, whether, as if. If
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘ if’ is to show condition. Examples:
he raised her head, do you mind if I use your bathroom now? Now, if that sample’s got DNA in it, it’s our first real break. its better if you have some due what motivates people around here.
No way to now if it was from the same gun that killed Father Michael Joseph. Dane couldn’t tell if he was just like the man Nick had originally described.
She wondered if anyone would be willing to take the time even the man had already.
Maybe she’d ask Captain De Loach, if he had any pictures of his only son stashed somewhere. He told me in this cold, dead voice exactly what he would do to me if I said anything to anyone. They would see if any were ever answered.
I’ve wondered if your mother really died accidentally? He didn’t know if he could bear it.
All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction “if’ is to show condition.
As if
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as if’ is to show condition. Examples:
As if ready to belt him.
As if she’d been hungry for too long.
All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘as if’ is to show condition.
Manner
There are four kind of manner namely how, as, as far as, according. How
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘how’ is to show manner. Examples:
Nick said, “ how do they select which episode is played each week? Nick said,” how long has Mr. Wolfinger been here?
how the president was dancing in there? She’d even learned how to operate a CB.
She wondered how it would be feel to have your own son trying to kill you. how’s this for a bit of luck? Our girl hitched a ride with a trucker.
Weldon, how did you get in here? There’s cops out there protecting me, lots of them. Look at this crowd, how are we ever going to find that gun?
how’d you find out it was Nick Jones?
All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘ how’ is to show manner.
As
He said, things never go exactly as planned. As for the food poisoning.
She said as she opened the office door.
He watched smiling, as Dane turned looked at Nick then slowly brought her against him. Hey. Not that!” as he quickly turned to the side.
Nick said slowly as she handed Dare too pills and glass of water.
All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘as’ is to show manner.
Purpose
There are four kind of purpose in subordinating conjunction namely: that, in order to, so that, lest..
That
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘that’ is to show purpose. Examples:
Warning me that you are trying to kill me. I’d say that you’re an evil old man.
I don’t want to make things that easy for you Like the rest of the world, that you were derasted
All the sentences above that the using subordinating conjunction’that´ is to show purpose.
Time
Since
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘since’ is to show time. Examples:
All right, since I’m still here, why don’t you tell me you side of it. Actually, since the entire living room.
It had been three days since the food poisoning.
since she had nothing left, since she had only her purse, it wasn’t hard to decide what to do. He’s known Weldon for some eight years, ever since he came.
All the sentences above show that the using of subordinating conjunction ‘since’ is to show time.
While
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘while’ is to show time. Examples:
He’d have to trust her to stay there in the hotel while he was out with Delion. He said very precisely, using his hands while he spoke to force eye contact. We’re gong to give you some antibiotics to take for a while.
Who told Savich that he’d had his eye on Dane Carver for a while. I got the letter just a little while ago.
Like I said, “she sure didn’t look homeless in the church so for a while there I wasn’t sure it was really her.
Before
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘before’ is to show time. Examples:
Dane caught her before she cracked her head on the edge of the desk behind her.
Do you know you’ve given something I’ve never had before in my life? “Of course he’d never seen a fed in this situation before.
I went hunting a lot with my father before hi died. before she left Chicago, she used her ATM cord.
Do you know you’ve given me something I’ve never had before in my life.
All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘before’ is to show time.
After
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘after’ is to show time. Examples:
So you came in after the man had already.
Saint Bartholomew’s was built in 1910, just four years after the earthquake.
I visited briefly with Father Birey this morning about eight o’clock, after the forensics team finally cleared the church for use again.
You go after that. Dane stamped after that.
after the tube came out, her throat felt like it was burning inside.
out, means after show relationship of time. So, these the information use in one sentence.
All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘after’ is to show time.
Until
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘until’ is to show time. Examples:
Dane waited to say anything else until Delion was out of earshot. I’ll just wear these clothes until you can catch this guy.
He laughed until there was spittle on his mouth. She could wait until the stores opened.
I felt safe until this happened.
No one said a word until he got himself together again, drank some of his coffe,” I apologize. John wouldn’t believe me until I finally showed him photo.
Weldon told them he wouldn’t be at the nursing home until late afternoon. Not until the unimagined honor of September 11.
He waited until Father Michael Joseph looked toward him through the wire mesh.
All of the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘ until’ is to show time.
When
The function of subordinating conjunction ‘when’ is to show time. Examples:
He stuck out his hand when he saw Delion.
Nick said when she realized he wasn’t going to eat anymore. When saw him on the floor bleeding, I came to get you.
Did you see her when you ran out of saint Bartholomew’s, Mr Jones? God knows I read enough of her memos, when was volunteering.
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusions
Conjunction connect words or group and show how the words are related. The writer
founds there are three types and functions of conjunction in novel Eleventh Hour, namely:
1. The most frequently used in novel Eleventh Hour are coordinating conjunction and
subordinating conjunction. The writer also found any some kinds of correlative
conjunction used in novel Eleventh Hour.
2. The most common of coordinating conjunction are and, but, or, and yet. The most frequently used in the novel Eleventh Hour.
3. The kinds of correlative conjunctions are either…..or…, neither….nor…., both….and…., not only….but also…
4. Subordinating conjunction have many kinds, but the most frequently used in novel
4.2 Suggestions
The writer hopes that this paper will make the readers know about conjunctions and kinds
of conjunctions. She realizes that the writing of this paper is far from being perfect, because of
that she hopes other person can discuss this subject more deeper. In addition she welcomes a
REFERENCES
Hadi, Sutrisno. 2004. Metodologi Research. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Hartanto, J& Koentjoro, S. 2009. ABC English Grammar. SURABAYA: Imakila.
Pardiyanto. 2005. Fokus Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Rudyanto, Nina. 2011. Otodidak Belajar Grammar. Jakarta : PT. Buku Seru
Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2011. Buku Petunjuk Program D-III Study Bahasa Inggris. Medan: D-III Bahasa Inggris Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Semiawan. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Gramedia Widia Sarana Indonesia.
Surakhmad, Winarno. 1980. Pengantar Penelitian Ilmiah. Bandung: Tarsito
Wijaya, Hamid. 2003. Kamus Exclusive. Surabaya: Pustaka Agung Harapan.
APPENDICES
1) Summary of the Novel Eleventh Hour
This novel a mystery novel involving the (appereantly) recurring characters of Dillon and Sherlock Savich. A string of murders unites FBI agent Dane Carver with the local police of San Francisco and homeless woman, with whom Carver falls in love, of course. The Homeless woman’s hidden past and Carver’s present combined serve to tell the story of several serial killer’s in California.
Father Michael Joseph is killed gruesomely in the confenssional booth by a serial killer. The priest’s twin brother FBI special agent, Dane Carver is afriend and college of the husband and wife team of Dillon Savich and Lacey Sherlock, who are well known characters in Catherine Coulter’s FBI series. There are single witness to the murder, a homeless woman by the name “ Ncick” Jones, who is running away from her own brand of personal terror. Dane finds himself in the uniquely role of bodyguard and a romance develops between them.
2) Authobiography Author
