COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF FOAMED ASPHALT MIXTURE USINGRECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT COMPACTED BY SLAB
ROLLER AND MARSHALL HAMMER
Final Project
To complete the requirements of
Acheaving S-1 graduate degree of Civil Engineering
Submitted by: MEGA WIDYADARA Student Number : D100 110 042
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
iii PREFACE
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah SWT who has given mercies and blessing until this Final Project can be complete. This Final Project is prepared to complete the requirements of achieving S-1 graduate degree of Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The author also says thanks for all parties who give any support for arrangement this Final Project. Because of the acomplishment of this Final Project, the author will say thanks to :
1. Mr. Ir. Sri Sunarjono, MT, PhD, as Dean of the Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2. Mr. Dr. Mochamad Solikin as Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 3. Mr. Budi Setiawan ST., MT., as the Academic Supervisor.
4. Advisor of this Final Project, Mr. Ir. Agus Riyanto, MT., Mr. Ir. Sri Sunarjono, PhD, and Mrs. Senja Rum Harnaeni, ST., MT., who have been taking the time to provide guidance and direction to completion of this
7. All lecture in Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and the knowledge you all given to us. The author realize that the arrangement of this Final Project is not perfect one. Because of that, the authore hopes there are any suggestion and criticism tto make this Final Project better and can be useful for all of us.
iv
MOTTO
Try to not only be succesful alone, but being a useful person
(Albert Einsten)
You must do the thing which you think you cannot do
(Eleanor Roosevelt)
Some beautiful paths can’t be discovered without getti
ng lost
(Erol Ozan)
It is good to have an end to journey toward but it is the journey that matters,
in the end
v
DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to :
1. Allah who has given guidence, smoothness and facilites in the pursuit of knowledge, work, and duties.
2. Prophet Muhammad is as a role model and a good example for us. 3. Special thanks to Papa and Mama .
4. All my friends of Civil Engineering, especially in International Program Class, thanks for your time as my partner.
5. Friend who have helped in the settlement of this final report : Jodi Kusuma Negara, Erwin Kristian, and AlfiaMaghfirona, thank you for your cooperation and help.
vii
F. Similarities and differences with similar research ... 4
G. Originality of the study ... 5
E. Aggregate Orientation ... 8
F. Originality of the study ... 9
viii
A. Slab Roller ... 10
B. Marshall Hammer... 12
C. Foam Asphalt ... 12
D. Core Drill ... 13
E. Effect of compaction Aggregate Against Orientation ... 13
F. Effect of Solidified Against the Void Distribution ... 14
G. Density ... 14
H. Volumetric Personality Of Asphalt Mixture ... 15
1. VIM (Void In The Mix) ... 15
F. Flowchart Research Laboratory ... 31
CHAPTER V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... 33
A. Examination of materials quality ... 33
B. Examinationof nature RAP ... 34
1. Examination of RAP color ... 34
2. Examination RAP density and RAP absorption... 34
C. Examination of aggregate gradation ... 35
D. Density examination RAP ... 37
E. Void Distribution Analysis ... 38
1. Test specimen in one piece ... 38
2. Specimen cuts in 3 parts ... 44
a. Slab roller ... 44
ix
F. Analysis of aggregate orientation... 48
A. Orientation aggregate compacted roller slab... 48
1. Pieces horizontal top layer RAP ... 49
2. Pieces horizontal middle layer RAP ... 52
3. Pieces horizontal bottom layer RAP ... 55
4. Vertical pieces RAP ... 58
B. Orientation aggregate equipment Marshall compactor ... 61
1. Pieces horizontal top layer RAP ... 62
2. Pieces horizontal middle layer RAP ... 66
3. Pieces horizontal bottom layer RAP ... 70
4. Vertical piecesof RAP ... 74
G. Density examination of slab roller and Marshall ... 76
H. Discussion ... 79
A. Distribusion Void ... 79
a. Intact condition ... 79
b. In case 3 parts cut ... 79
B. OrientationAgregat ... 80
a. Horizontal ... 80
b. Vertical ... 81
CHAPTER VI.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS ... 82
A. Conclusions ... 82
x
LIST OF TABLE
TableI.1 Similarities and differences in similar studies ... 4
Table 111.1 Cold mixing requirements ... 18
Table V.1 Examination results aggregate coarse RAP ... 33
Table V.2 Examination fine aggregate RAP ... 33
Table V.3 Sieve analysis results ... 33
Table V.4 Examination Results RAP Density ... 35
Table V.5 Sieve Analysis ... 36
Table V.6 The results of examination with modified proctor density RAP ... 37
Table V.7 The results of the VIM intact compactor roller slab ... 39
Table V.8 The results of the VIM intact Marshall compactor ... 39
Table V.9 Results VMA values intact compactor roller slab ... 41
Table V.10 Results VMA values intact Marshall compactor ... 41
Table V.11 Results VFWA value intact compactor roller slab ... 43
Table V.12 Results VFWA values intact Marshall compactor ... 43
Table V.13 VIM value results in a state of 3 parts compactor roller slab ... 44
Table V.14 VMA value results in a state of 3 parts compactor roller slab ... 44
Table V.15 VFWA value results in a state of 3 parts compactor roller slab ... 44
Table V.16 VIM value results in a state of 3 parts compactor Marshall ... 46
Table V.17 VMA value results in a state of 3 parts compactor Marshall ... 46
Table V.18 VFWA value results in a state of 3 parts compactor Marshall ... 46
Table V.19 The observation of specimen orientation RAP aggregate sample 1 ... 48
Table V.20 The observation of specimen orientation RAP aggregate sample 2 ... 48
xi
Table V.22 Observations RAP vertical orientation specimen 2 ... 60
Table V.23 The observation of specimen orientation RAP aggregate sample 1 ... 62
Table V.24 The observation of specimen orientation RAP aggregate sample 2 ... 62
Table V.25 The total yield mixtures trip RAP vertical pieces ... 76
Table V.26 The results of specimen density values on the slab roller... 77
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure III.1 Parts of the slab roler compactor ... 11
Figure III.2 Roller slab compactor ... 11
Figure III.3 Marshall hammer compactor ... 12
Figure III.4 Core drill tool ... 13
xiii
Figure V.3 Density graph RAP ... 37
Figure V.4 Graph of the relationship between the value of the number of passes with a value of VIM ... 38
Figure V.5 Graph of the relationship between the value of the number of blowss with the value of VIM ... 38
Figure V.6 Graph of the relationship between the value of the number of passes with a value of VMA ... 40
Figure V.7 Graph of the relationship between the value of the number of blowss with the value of VMA ... 40
Figure V.8 Graph of the relationship between the value of the number of passes at grades VFWA ... 42
Figure V.9 Graph of the relationship between the value of the number of blows with the values of VFWA ... 42
Figure V.10 Section variation relationship with VIM ... 45
Figure V.11 Section variation relationship with VMA ... 45
Figure V.12 Section variation relationship with VFWA ... 45
Figure V.13 Section variation relationship with VIM ... 47
Figure V.14 Section variation relationship with VMA ... 47
Figure V.15 Section variation relationship with VFWA ... 47
Figure V.16 15 passing at top ... 49
Figure V.17 30 passing at top ... 50
Figure V.18 45 passing at top ... 50
Figure V.19 Top layer changes the coordinates of assing 15, 30, and 45 specimen 1 ... 51
Figure V.20 Top layer changes the coordinates of assing 15, 30, and 45 specimen 2 ... 51
Figure V.21 15 passing at middle ... 52
Figure V.22 30 passing at middle ... 53
Figure V.23 45 passing at middle ... 53
xiv
Figure V.25 Middle layer changes the coordinates of passing 15, 30,
and 45 specimen 2 ... 54
Figure V.26 15 passing at bottom ... 55
Figure V.27 30 passing at bottom ... 56
Figure V.28 45 passing at bottom ... 56
Figure V. 29 Bottom layer changes the coordinates of passing 15, 30, and 45 specimen 1 ... 57
Figure V.30 Bottom layer changes the coordinates of passing 15, 30, and 45 specimen 2 ... 57
Figure V.31 Change the coordinates of the bottom layer of the track 15, 30, and 45 specimen 1 ... 59
Figure V.32 Synthetic stone movement patterns of variation passing 15, 30, and 45 each section specimen 2 ... 61
Figure V.33 Blows 2x25at top ... 63
Figure V.34 Blows 2x50at top ... 63
Figure V.35 Blows 2x75 at top ... 64
Figure V.36 Change the coordinates of the top layer blow 2x25, 2x50, 2x75 specimen 1 ... 65
Figure V.37 Change the coordinates of the top layer blow 2x25, 2x50, 2x75 specimen 2 ... 65
Figure V.38 Blow 2x25 at middle ... 66
Figure V.39 Blow 2x50 at middle ... 67
Figure V.40 Blow 2x75 at middle ... 68
Figure V.41 Change the coordinates of midle layer blows 2x25, 2x50, 2x75 specimen 1 ... 69
Figure V.42 Change the coordinates of midle layer blows 2x25, 2x50, 2x75 specimen 2 ... 69
Figure V.43 Blows 2x25 at bottom ... 70
Figure V.44 Blows 2x50 at bottom ... 71
xv
2x50, 2x75 specimen 1 ... 73
Figure V.47 Bottom layer changes the coordinates of blows 2x25, 2x50, 2x75 specimen 2 ... 73
Figure V.48 Vertical blow 2x25 ... 74
Figure V.49 Vertical blow 2x50 ... 75
Figure V.50 Vertical blow 2x75 ... 75
Figure V.51 Movement stone vertical peces agent mixture RAP ... 76
Figure V.52 Graph density slab roller ... 77
xvi APPENDICES
Appendices 1. Results of testing the characteristics of RAP. Appendices 2. Results of research slab roller compactor. Appendices 3. Marshall compactor research results.
xvii NOTATION
a = Asphalt content of the total aggregate (%) A = Spacious look of the test object (cm2) AC = Asphalt Concrete
AC – Base = Asphalt Concrete Base
AC – BC = Asphalt Concrete Binder Course AC – WC = Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course AMP = Asphalt Mixing Plan
ASTM = American Society fot Testing Material
b = Bitumen content of the asphalt aggregate mixture (%) BD = Bulk Density (gr/cm3)
BJ Agregat = Density aggregate mix (gr/cm3) BJ Aspal = Density of asphalt (gr/cc)
BK = Oven dry weight of the specimen (gram/cc)
c = The dry weight of the specimen before soaking (gram) cc = Centimeter Cubik
c = Centimeter
d = Weight of the specimen in an SSD (gram) e = Weight of the specimen in water (gram) f = Volume specimen (cc)
g = Weight volume of specimen (gr/cc) gr = Gram
xviii
h = Thick dense asphalt aggregate mixture (mm) k = Permeability coefficient (cm/d)
Kg = Kilogram
p = o x proving ring calibration thick test specimen (Kg) m = Levels of cavities filled with asphalt (%)
MF = Marshall Flow (mm) Mpa = Mega Pascal
MQ = Marshall Quotient (kg/mm) MS = Marshall Stability
R = Decrease in stability (Kg) S = Stability (Kg), soaking 0.5 hours
Si = Stability (Kg), soaking 24 hours and 48 hours SHRP = Strategic Highway Research Program
SMA = Split Mastic Asphalt SSD = Saturated Surface Dry STOA = Short Term Oven Aging TFOT = Thin Film Oven Test Ti = Soaking time (hours) VIM = Voids In The Mix
VMA = Voids in Mineral Agregat VFWA = Voids Filled With Asphalt o
xix Abstrak
Pemadatan adalah proses yang mana partikel-partikel solid dirapatkan sehingga volume rongga dalam campuran mengalami kepadatan yang meningkat. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbandingan hasil orientasi agregat dan distribusi void yang dipadatkan menggunakan alat pemadat roller slab dan Marshall hammer. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan melakukan variasi jumlah lintasan dan tumbukan yang berbeda-beda untuk mencari hasil orientasi agregat dan distribusi void. Material yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini pencampuran antara RAP dan foam asphalt untuk pembuatan benda uji. Hasil pengujian orientasi agregat pada alat pemadat roller slab bagian atas batu berpindah signifikan dibandingkan dengan alat pemadat Marshall. Pada bagian tengah dan bawah alat pemadat roller slab batu bergeser karena mengikuti arah gerak gilasan roda sehingga batu yang awalnya diatas dapat berpindah dan mengisi ke bawah dan samping. Alat pemadat Marshall hanya terjadi penurunan karena bekerja statis. Hasil pengujian distribusi void utuh alat pemadat roller slab pada lintasan awal menghasilkan VIM 14,24 %, alat pemadat Marshall 14,68 %. Pada fase berikutnya alat pemadat roller slab menghasilkan VIM 13,53 %, alat pemadat Marshall menghasilkan VIM 13,72 %. Pada fase terakhir alat pemadat roller slab menghasilkan VIM 12,58 % dan alat pemadat Marshall menghasilkan VIM 12,01%. Hasil penelitian distribusi void benda uji yang dipotong tiga bagian pada alat pemadat roller slab fase sepertiga menghasilkan VIM bagian atas 13,03 %, 14,46 %, dan 15,48 %, alat pemadat Marshall 14,52 %, 13,72 %, dan 13,35 % . Fase dua pertiga alat pemadat roller slab menghasilkan VIM 12,16 %, 13,74 %, dan 14,13 % sedangkan pada alat pemadat Marshall 12,91 %, 12,44 %, dan 12,09 %. Fase terakhir alat pemadat roller slab menghasilkan VIM 11,28 %, 12,45 %, dan 13,42%, alat pemadat Marshall 11,51 %, 11,08 %, dan 11,00 %.
xx
COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF FOAMED ASPHALT MIXTURE USING RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENTCOMPACTED BY SLAB ROLLER
AND MARSHALL HAMMER
Abstract
Compaction is the process by which solid particles are pressed together so that the volume voids in the mixture experiencing increased density. The aim to research to analyze te aggregate results of the orientation and distribution of voids were pressed using a slab roller and Marshall hammer to comparison aggregate the rock moved significantly compared to the Marshall hammer. In the middle and bottom slab roller compactor, the rock shifted due to follow directions so that the stone was originally above could move down and to the side. Marshall compactor is only reuced due to static work. The test results void distribution intact slab roller compactor at the beginning of the track resulted in VIM 14.24%, compactor Marshall 14.68%. In the next phase the slab roller compactor to produce VIM 13.53%, Marshall compactor produce VIM 13.72%.In the last phase of the slab roller compactor to produce VIM 12.58% and Marshall compactor produce VIM 12.01%. Distribution of research results void test specimen was cut into three parts on a slab roller compactor to produce a third phase VIM top 13.03%, 14.46% and 15.48%, Marshall compactor 14.52%, 13.72% and 13.35%. Phase two thirds slab roller compactor to produce VIM 12.16%, 13.74% and 14.13%, while the Marshall compactor 12.91%, 12.44% and 12.09%. The last phase of the slab roller compactor to produce VIM 11.28%, 12.45% and 13.42%, Marshall compactor 11.51%, 11.08% and 11.00%.
