TEACHING STRATEGIES IN SPEAKING INSTRUCTIONAL
ACTIVITIES AT 2
ndGRADE OF SMP AISYIYAH
MUHAMMADIYAH 3 MALANG
THESIS
By:
DIAH WAHYUNI KARTIKASARI
201210100311052
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
TEACHING STRATEGIES IN SPEAKING INSTRUCTIONAL
ACTIVITIES AT 2
ndGRADE OF SMP AISYIYAH
MUHAMMADIYAH 3 MALANG
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirementsto
achieveSarjana Degree in English Language Education.
By:
DIAH WAHYUNI KARTIKASARI
201210100311052
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“There is always a rainbow after rain, always an everglow in
shadows, and always the best plan in God’s hands”
-uni-
The researcher dedicated this thesis to:
Her Beloved Parents
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, all praise is to ALLAH SWT, the Merciful and Charitable.
Because of His guidance, blessing and affection, the researcher can finish this
thesis. Next, blessing be on Muhammad SAW who brings us out of the darkness.
My grateful thanks are also expressed to my beloved mother, Mrs. Kartini,
the greatest mom ever, for taking care of me with the unconditional love, for
always supporting me to get the best education no matter what, and for always
encouraging me to follow my passion, and also my beloved dad, Mr. Edi
Suprayitno (Alm), for always taking care and pray the best for me.
Honorable mention goes to Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M and Bayu H.
Wicaksono, M.Pd., Ph.D as her advisors for their valuable guidance and advice.
Thanks to the institution and English teacher of SMP Aisyiyah
Muhammadiyah 3 Malang, Mr. Yopi Ardianto, who is willing to be observed and
gave chance for me to do this research.
Finally, the sincere thanks are given to Donny Bhaskara Wicaksono,
Dwicky Fandi Setyabudi, Rasus Sayyaf Basarang, Mahsa Livia, Tedy Bahtiar
Kurniawan, Adi Rahmat Wijaya, Viona Kartikawati, Muhammad Dimas Arif
Rahman, Odiansyah Aldino R.F, Siswahyudi, M. Aprian Kifari, M. Deedi Irawan,
especially Muthii’ah Nuurhamid and Kak Fathon Ali Bamualim who always cheer
me up when I was down. And the special one to Harris Ferdianto for giving me
much love, new stories, endless spirit, and the everglow when I was in shadows.
The Researcher,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LEGALIZATION ... i
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... ii
LETTER OF AUTHENTICITY ... iii
ABSTRACT ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1
1.2 Statements of Problem ... 3
1.3 Purposes of Study ... 3
1.4 Significances of Study ... 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 4
1.6 Definitions of Key Terms ... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Speaking Skill ... 6
2.1.1 The Nature of Speaking ... 6
2.1.2 The Purpose of Speaking ... 6
2.2 Teaching Speaking ... 7
2.2.1 Problems With Speaking Activities... 7
2.2.2 Developing Speaking Skill ... 8
2.3 Teaching Strategy ... 10
2.3.1 Kinds of Teaching Strategy ... 10
vii
2. Indirect Instructional Strategy ... 13
3. Interactive Strategy ... 15
4. Experiental Learning Strategy ... 17
5. Self-learning Strategy ... 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 21
3.2 Research Subject ... 22
3.3 Research Instruments ... 22
3.3.1 Observation... 23
3.3.2 Interview ... 23
3.4 Data Collection ... 24
3.5 Data Analysis ... 25
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ... 27
1.1.1 Kinds of Teaching Strategies used by The Teacher ... 27
1.1.2 Teacher’s Ways in Implementing the Strategies ... 28
1.1.3 Problems Faced by Teacher While Implementing the Strategies ... 35
4.2 Discussion ... 36
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 40
5.2 Suggestion ... 41
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anjaniputra, A.G. (2013). Teacher’s Strategies in Teaching Speaking to Students at Secondary Level. Indonesia: Universitas Indonesia.
Ary, Donald, et.al. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.). USA:
Wadsworth.
Bjorklund, D.F. (2005). Children’s Thinking: Cognitive Development and Individual Differences (4th ed.). USA: Wadsworth.
Bogdan, R.C. (2007). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to
Theories and Methods (5th ed.). USA: Pearson.
Brown, H.D. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (4th ed.).
New York: Pearson.
Brown, H.D. (2007). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (5th ed.).
New York: Pearson.
Donough, J.M, et.al. (2013). Materials and Methods in ELT: A Teacher’s Guide. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Flick, Uwe. (2007). Designing Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publication.
Flick, Uwe. (2010). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (4th ed.). London:
SAGE Publication.
Fulcher, Glenn. (2014). Testing Second Language Speaking. USA: Routledge.
Gray, P.S, et.al. (2007). The Research Imagination: An Introduction to Qualitative
and Quantitative Methods. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Harmer, Jeremy. (2012). Teacher Knowledge: Core Concepts in English
Language Teaching. England: Pearson Education Limited.
Huda, Miftachul, et.al. (2015). The Effect of Learning Strategy of Reading Aloud
on Students’ Achievement in The Subject of Islamic Studies at Secondary
School in Semarang. Brunei: Universiti Brunei Darussalam.
Ismariyanti, R.O. (2009). A Study on Teaching Strategies and Problems Faced by
English Teachers at The Second Year of SMAN 7 Malang. Malang:
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Majid, Abdul. (2014). Strategi Pembelajaran. Bandung: Rosda.
Mcmillan, J.H. (1996). Educational Research: Fundamentals for The Consumer
Moore, K.D. (2015). Effective Insttructional Strategies: From Theory to Practice
(4th ed.). USA: SAGE
Murdiyanti, I.A. (2012). The Teaching Strategy in Speaking Used by English
Teacher in TK Senaputra Malang. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Pawar, Manohar. (2014). Social and Community Development Practice. India:
SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd.
Pawlak, M and Klimczak, E.W (Eds). (2015). Issues in Teaching: Learning and
Testing Speaking in A Second Language. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg:
Springer.
Richards, J.C and Renandya, W.A (Eds). (2002). Methodology in Language
Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice. USA: Cambridge University
Press.
Richards, J.C. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking: From Theory to
Practice. USA: Cambridge University Press.
Santrock, J.W. (2011). Educational Psychology (5th ed.). New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Syrja, R.C. (2011). How to Reach & Teach English Language Learners. CA:
Jossey-Bass.
Thornbury, Scott. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. USA: Longman.
Uno, H.B. (2014). Model Pembelajaran: Menciptakan Proses Belajar Mengajar
yang Kreatif dan Efektif. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Ur, Penny. (2009). A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Warnaningtyas, Y. (2005). The Strategies in Teaching Speaking Used by Native
English Teacher at Bhinneka English Private Course Malang. Malang:
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Teacher Asks Students To Repeat Reading The Dialogue ... 28
Figure 2. Students Read The Dialogue ‘Buying Some Foods’ In Pair ... 28
Figure 3. Students Read The Dialogue ‘Buying Some Foods’ As Seller And Customer In Front Of Class ... 29
Figure 4. Students Prepare The Properties ‘Bikang’ For Their Performance Of Simulating The Seller And Customer ... 30
Figure 5. Students Simulate How To Buy And Bargain The Price Of Foods ... 31
Figure 6. Teacher Explains The Content Of Dialogue ‘Buying Some Foods ... 32
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Observation Checklist
Appendix 2. Interview Guide
Appendix 3. Teaching Material (Dialogue ‘buying some foods’) Appendix 4. Fieldnotes
Appendix 5. Interview Transcript
Appendix 6. Letter of Observation Permission
Appendix 7. Documentation
Appendix 8. Letter of Finishing the Observation
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents such topics as background of study, statement of
problems, purposes of study, significances of study, scope and limitation, and
definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows:
1.1 Background of Study
One of language skills that should be learnt and improved by English
learners is speaking. Speaking is one of the central elements in communication
(Richards, 2002:210). Speaking is the bridge to communicate with the people all
over the world.
Since speaking is one of productive skills in teaching English, teaching
speaking strategies are needed to make students interested and active to speak,
especially for the passive students. In order to get the good outcomes of the
teaching and learning process, the strategies for teaching the English skills should
be made appropriately for each skill (Anjaniputra, 2013:1). One of the obstacles in
speaking is that the students do not want to be active to speak. For instance, in
SMP Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Malang, there was found that there were so
many students who did not want to speak up actively in speaking English even in
speaking class. They would not be active to speak English even they were asked
to speak up. They kept speaking in Bahasa and Javanesse language rather than
speaking English. Likewise, Moore (2015:10) states that mostly learners prefer to
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create an active learning, especially in speaking class because speaking is the
important skill in learning English.
As stated on Richards (2002:201),speaking is used for many different
purposes, and each purpose involves different skills. There are so many purposes
of speaking such as: speaking is used to express opinions, to persuade someone
about something, to clarify information, to give instructions, to get things done,
describe something, complain about people’s behavior, make a polite request, or
also to entertain people with jokes. Thus, as a language learner, students have to
develop their proficiency in speaking. In order to help students to develop their
proficiency in speaking, teacher should know how to design speaking activities
that are needed by students. Richards (2008:20) declared:
In designing speaking activities or instructional materials for second language or foreign-language teaching, it is also necessary to recognize the very different functions speaking performs in daily communication and the different purposes for which our students need speaking skills.
Hence, as the teacher of language has to be able to find what are needed by
students in the teaching speaking. Teacher should not only know what kind of
speaking needed by students but also how to create teaching and learning process
which consist of methods, techniques, also strategies that are match with your
students’ needs.
The research of teaching speaking strategies had been carried out by some
researchers. The first research was done by Murdiyanti (2012) found that teaching
strategy in speaking is mostly used by the teacher are lower inhibition, encourage
rise taking, encourage students to use right-brain processing, and help students to
3
that native English teacher in Bhineka English Course used expository approach
strategy and immersion strategy in speaking classroom activity.
Based on the explanation above, it is important to conduct the similar
research with a different subject. In this case, the researcher would like to analyze
the teaching strategies in speaking instructional activities at 2nd grade of SMP
Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Malang.
1.2 Statements of Problem
Based on the background of study above, the problems of this research are
stated as follows:
1) What are the teaching strategies implemented by English teacher in
speaking instructional activities at 2nd grade of SMP Aisyiyah
Muhammadiyah 3 Malang?
2) How does the teacher implement those teaching strategies in speaking
instructional activities?
3) What are the problems faced by the teacher to teach speaking using
those strategies?
1.3 Purposes of Study
Based on the statements of problem above, the purposes of study are:
1) To find out the teaching strategies implemented by English teacher in
speaking instructional activities at 2nd grade of SMP Aisyiyah
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2) To know and understand the teacher’s ways of implementing those
teaching strategies in speaking instructional activities.
3) To discover the problems faced by the teacher to teach speaking using
those strategies.
1.4 Significances of Study
Significances of Study of this research are:
1) For English teachers, if the teaching strategies are appropriate used in
speaking instructional activities, especially for developing students’
activeness of speaking, the result of this study can be used as an
alternative way for the teacher in teaching speaking.
2) For further researchers, this study can be used as reference, especially
if they want to do the similar research about teaching speaking
strategies.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is focused on the teaching strategies in speaking
instructional activities at 2nd grade of SMP Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Malang.
This research is limited to investigate the teaching strategies implemented by
teacher in speaking instructional activities, teacher’s ways of implementing the
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1.6 Definition of Key Terms
1) Teaching is the activity that has the aim to help someone to learn how
to do something by giving instruction, guiding to learn something, and
also transfering the knowledge (Brown, 2000:7)
2) Speaking is a productive skill (Syrja, 2011:102)
3) Strategies are defined as elements used to improve the task
performance in which the implementation and operations can be done
deliberately and nonobligatory as wanted. (Bjorklund, 2005:180)
4) Develop means to make or bring out something become more
advanced, effective, or grower than before (Pawar, 2014:6)
5) Activeness can be meant as a readiness and seriousness in asking and
answering the question actively (Huda et.al, 2015:583)
Following this section, chapter II would like to review some related
literature dealing with the purpose of this study. It is hoped that by doing the
review here will be a purification on the researcher understanding. The related
literature may be used as a guide to make the researcher easier to get the data
