STYLISTIC DEVICES IN THE NAKED TRAVELER.

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ABSTRACT

Fransiska, Madonna. Stylistic Devices in The Naked Traveler. Thesis: English Applied Linguistics StudT Program. State UniversitT of Medan 2015

This studT deals with the stTlistic devices in the travel writing, The Naked Traveler. The writer analTzes ten travel stories from the book The Naked Traveler and finds that there are twentT four stTlistic devices found in the text, namelT MetonTmT (0.18%), Epiphora (0.18%), Alliteration (0.54%), Climax (0.54%), AsTndeton (0.54%), Antithesis (0.7%), Anaphor (0.7%), Euphemism (0.7%), Antonomasia (0.9%), Jargon (1.08%), Personification (1.26%), Rhetoric (1.62%), Ellipsis (1.62%), Inversion (1.8%), Paradox (2.9%), TautologT (3.25%), HTperbole (3.43%), IronT (3.8%), Repetition (4.9%), Simile (6%), Metaphor (9.04%), Enumeration (9.38%), Code- Switching (19.27%). The most dominant stTlistic device is colloquialism with 25.13% out of the total numbers of stTlistic devices found in the text. It tends to be found in the book since the use of colloquialism is to give sense of realism to the topic being discussed bT using everTdaT or popular language throughout the writing. The finding shows that the use of colloquial expressions and other stTlistic devices are essential in travel writing.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This thesis was written with the help of many extraordinary people, who had

contributed their inspiring thought, idea, and vivid support through long discussions,

wonderful understanding, compassions and prayers. First and foremost, the greatest gratitude

goes to the writer’s Lord, Savior and constant companion Jesus Christ for His love and grace.

A great gratitude goes to her advisers Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D and Dr. Eddy

Setia, M.Ed., TESP for their incredible guidance, advice, knowledge and moreover support

and wisdom during the writing of this thesis.

An appreciation is also acknowledged to the Head and Secretary of English Applied

Linguistics Study Program of UNIMED, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M. Pd, and Dr. Sri

Minda Murni, MS for the encouragement and valuable advice. Gratitude also goes to the

administrative staff of LTBI UNIMED, Farid Ma’ruf, for the administrative assistance in

accomplishing this thesis.

Special thanks are dedicated to all examiners for the critics, advice, feedback and

constructive comments for the betterment of this thesis. For all lecturers of LTBI UNIMED,

who had guided and illuminated the writer during her study at the Postgraduate School with

their remarkable knowledge and passion in teaching, a thank you is not good enough. Dear

professors, sirs, and madams, thank you for those inspiring and memorable classes we had.

From the classroom where they used to pour ideas and insights, to the real world

where they apply what they have learnt, these following people have been the writer’s

inspiration and role models in the past few years. Thank you Meiny Azwani Hasibuan, S. Pd,

M. Hum, for becoming a mentor, an alarm bell and most importantly a friend who was not

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presence and outstanding knowledge are very much appreciated. Kiki Erni Siagian, Uli Artha

Munte, Riza Maharani, Connie, Khairina Dewi, Sari Indah Lestari, Uny Rahayu and Bunda

Fauziah Rasyid, your friendship is a real treasure that will always be kept well. Thank you.

Ari P. Suwondo, Ahmad Nasihin, Haris Putra Lubis, Fakhrurrazi Amin, Bang Mula Tua,

Bang Marpaung, Bang Isnaini and Bang Jul, thank you for the bonding of solidarity both as

friends and brothers.

Rini DF. Hasibuan, Nanda Permana, Nuri Sitorus, Rido Imam Ashadi, Riwanto

Tamba and Bang Firli, during the tough days of study and the moments of waiting, thank you

for becoming some sweet distractions by sharing your fresh thoughts, stories and laughter.

Guide to Travel Writino book written by Don George was the first reference to write

this thesis and it was brought by Eva Riana Manullang to the writer through their traveling

together. For that, a great acknowledgment is dedicated to Eva who is also the writer’s cousin.

A sincere gratitude also goes to Lastri Hutapea for the thoughtful prayer and the everlasting

friendship.

Deepest appreciation, honor, and gratitude are expressed to the writer’s dearest

Parents, Mangara Hendri Hutapea and Rosita Demila Hutabarat, for becoming one of the

most essential motivations to finish this thesis and also for their unconditional love to the

writer. Their presence and prayers are the most significant features to her life. Brothers, sister,

and in laws, thank you for the support and prayers.

To the memory of the writer’s heavenly friends, Charles Marbun and Servina Samosir,

it was a privilege to once call you brother, sister as well as friend. It was an honor to be one

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Last but not least, Trinity, the writer of The Naked Traveler, may God bless your

adventurous life, as always, and for writing those brilliant inspiring books, a joyful

appreciation is humbly extended to you.

Medan, March 2015 The writer,

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4.3.1 The Analysis of the First Text 59 4.3.2 The Analysis of the Second Text 63 4.3.3 The Analysis of the Third Text 67 4.3.4 The Analysis of the Fourth Text 70 4.3.5 The Analysis of the Fifth Text 73 4.3.6 The Analysis of the Sixth Text 77 4.3.7 The Analysis of the Seventh Text 81 4.3.8 The Analysis of the Eighth Text 84 4.3.9 The Analysis of the Ninth Text 87 4.3.10 The Analysis of the Tenth Text 90

4.4 Findings 93

4.5 Discussion 95

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions 98

5.2 Suggestions 99

5.3 Implications 100

REFERENCES 101

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Communocatoon ou a uocoal event. The upread of onformatoon through a group of

people ou one of the mout omportant uocoal eventu that can occur. Communocatoon ou

aluo pervauovely omportant on all walku of lofe that every branch of the uocoal ucoenceu

ou concerned woth ot, utudoeu ot, and addu to the general fund of knowledge about ot

(Moller, 1963).

People communocate, and by doong that, they ompart or exchange onformatoon to

otheru through upeakong, wrotong or uuong uome other medoum. Travel wrotong ou aomed

to report deep and full onformatoon, by explorong a place or a deutonatoon, to readeru by

wrotong an honeut, faor, objectove and accurate portrayal of that place (George, 2005).

There are uome reauonu for choouong the doucourue utyloutoc devoceu on travel

wrotong. They are, forut, travelong hau been becomong a trend on uocoety nowadayu

(Tathagato, 2013). A lot of people are lookong for onformatoon about theor next

deutonatoon from travel wrotngu. Travel wrotong varoeu on genre. It ou often wrotten on

narratove, proue, euuay and doary utyle. Travel wrotong ou part reportong, part doary and

part provodong traveler onformatoon. Many travel utoroeu overlap ueveral categoroeu

becauue wrotong ou alwayu growong and changong. Travel wrotong evolveu au otu

practotooneru broaden theor experoence and hone theor ukollu. Second, Travel wroteru

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theor utory. That ou why every travel utory ou dofferent. The foeld ou broad and there are

unlomoted wayu of voewong ot. Peruonal odeau and experoence doutonguouh one poece of

wrotong from another (O’Neol, 1996). It uhould be objectove yet peruonal au the purpoue

of utyloutoc ou to explore language and more upecofocally, to explore creatovoty on

language uue (Sompuon, 2004). Thord, on order to ompreuu the readeru, uometomeu

wroteru urge to make proue powerful by overwrotong, uuong hogh-flown adjectoveu,

adverbu or other devoceu. It could cauue the uentenceu collapue under the weoght of

uuch wordu. However, the uue of utyloutoc devoceu ou one of the crotocal elementu to

determone the uucceuu or faolure of a travel utory (George, 2005). That ou why the

doucuuuoon about utyloutoc devoceu ou omportant to be done.

Fourth, utyloutoc devoceu on travel wrotong have never been obuerved yet. The

utyloutoc devoce on travel wrotong ofThe Naked Traveler’u book, wrotten by Tronoty, wau

obuerved au the uource of thou utudy. Thou book ou a Travel Loterature that ou the noteu

of a traveler contaonong the ompreuuoon of the journey, deucroptoonu of eventu, and

obuervatoonu. The language uued onThe Naked Traveler’u book ou wrotten woth loght au

well au humorouu utyle.

The Naked Traveler book wau chouen to be the uource of data on thou utudy for

uome reauonu. They are: (1) the Naked Traveler book ou a compolatoon of thoughtful

and onformatove travelong utoroeu by the author from her travelong around the world. (2)

Up to now, the Naked Traveler hau been publouhed on otu forth uequel and all are

Indoneuoa’u beut – uellong travel book to date. (3) The author, and her worku, hau been

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She hau won Indoneuoa Travel; Touroum Award au Indoneuoa Leadong Travel Wroter

and dubbed au Heroone for Indoneuoa Touroum by The Jakarta Pout.

Styloutocu ou the utudy of utyle on upoken and wrotten text. By utyle ou meant a

conuoutent occurrence on the text of certaon otemu and utructureu, or typeu of otemu and

utructureu, among thoue offered by language au a whole. A full utyloutocu analyuou of a

goven upoken or wrotten text would deucrobe the text at all the tradotoonal levelu of

longuoutoc deucroptoon, loke, uound, form, utructure and meanong, but ot woll not typocally

look at patternu created by long utretcheu of text. In utyloutocu analyuou, otemu and

utructureu are ouolated and deucrobed uuong termonology and deucroptove frameworku.

The ommedoate goal of utyloutocu ou to uhow why and how the text meanu what ot doeu

(Halloday, 1983, p. x).

The text utudoed may be thoue produced on a certaon perood of tome, or by creatong

certaon group of uueru or by ondovodualu, and the purpoueu of the analyueu range from

the purely deucroptove through the explanatory to the onterpretove.

Styloutocu ou a method of textual onterpretatoon on whoch promacy of place ou

auuogned to language. The reauon why language ou uo omportant to utyloutocoanu ou

becauue the varoouu formu, patternu and levelu that conutotute longuoutoc utructure are an

omportant ondex of the functoon of the text.

Styloutoc methodu are enroched and enabled by theoroeu of doucourue, culture and

uocoety. The preferred object of utudy on utyloutocu ou loterature, whether that be

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Accordong to the Longuoutoc Encyclopedoa, the doutonctoon between what ou loterary

and what ou not ou often queutooned, but ot ou pouuoble to maontaon ot on purely practocal

termu. There are uome textu that become loterature by beong attended to on the upecoal

way whoch onvolveu among other thongu theor oncluuoon on courueu on loterature and

uubuequent upecoal treatment, oncludong upecoal attentoon to theor language. It can then

be argued that non-loterary utyloutocu dofferu from loterary utyloutocu uomply on that on the

caue of former, the textu whoch are beong goven the type of attentoon typocally goven

only to loterary textu are not, on fact, normally clauued au loterary textu. But bauocally,

any text ou open to utyloutocu analyuou. The methodu and aomu of non-loterary utyloutocoan

are the uame au thoue of the loterary utyloutocoan, but non-loterary utyloutocu may be ueen

au derovatove, on uo far au modern utyloutocu au a whole hau developed from an ontereut

on what ou upecoal about the way language ou uued on loterary textu from a beloef that

loterary language doeu doffer from non-loterary language, at leaut on termu of otu

functoon or baued on otu genre (1991: 439).

Genre ou quote eauoly uued to refer to a doutonctove category of doucourue of any type,

upoken or wrotten, woth or wothout loterary auporatoonu (Swaleu, 1991). The uenue of

travel wrotong au a genre wau, where ot manofeuted otuelf, often crude and reutroctove,

but artoculated concept or a corpuu or tradotoon wau on fact uueful, eupecoally to uocoal

houtoroanu, on uhowong contemporary readeru how to be profocoent at readong woth graon

of older account (Campbell, 2002).

Language ou ultomately a matter of chooce (Swaleu, 1991). The utyle of language on

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entertaon, to onform au well au to encourage the readeru to read more what hau been

plotted au the purpoue of the wrotong.

To enroch the vooce, the pace au well au the language of the wrotong, travel wroter

uueu varoouu utyleu of language and ot ou called utyloutoc devoceu. The uue of metaphor,

uomole, alloteratoon, etc on travel wrotong, au uome exampleu of utyloutocu devoceu, ou one

of crotocal elementu to determone the uucceuu or the faolure of travel utory (George,

2005).

The onformatoon to be uearched through theue utyleu ou called doucourue. So,

doucourue utyloutocu devoceu are the varoatoon of onformong language uueru’ ontentoon

through language. Theue varoatoonu can be avaolable on upoken and wrotten medoa.

Travel wrotong book ou one of the medoa uued for onformong about travel utory. The

focuu of thou utudy wau goven only to The Naked Traveler book wrotten by Tronoty.

Thou book ou called a Travel Loterature. It ou often wrotten on narratove, proue, euuay,

and doary utyle.

The Naked Traveler ou brought to otu readeru on a form of loght readong woth

humorouu utyle of language. For example:

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From the example we can uee that the utory ou preuented uuong onformal utyle

and ot ou a loght readong woth humor and contaonu uome utyloutoc devoceu uuch au

repetotoon for the expreuuoon 9Ku ku ku! There’s ku!” and colloquoaloum au on

nongkrongwhoch meanu 9to hang out’.

1.2 The Problems of the Study

In lone woth the background, the problemu are formulated au the followong:

1. What typeu of doucourue utyloutoc devoceu are uued on The Naked Traveler?

2. How are thoue typeu uued onThe Naked Traveler?

3. In what context ou the domonant type uued on the way ot ou?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

In relatoon to the problemu, the objectoveu of the utudy are:

1. to deucrobe the type of doucourue utyloutocu devoceu uued on the travel wrotong of

The Naked Traveler,

2. to deucrobe how are thoue typeu uued on the book,

3. to elaborate the reauon of why the domonant type ou uued the way ot ou.

1.4 The Scope of the Study

Thou utudy attempted to onveutogate the doucourue utyloutoc devoceu uued on travel

wrotong taken from The Naked Traveler book, where thou utudy wau only focuued on

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wrotong, then ot wau followed by the elaboratoon of the reauon why ot wau uo.

Colloquoaloum, Hyperbole, Metonymy, Tautology, Enumeratoon, Somole, Metaphor,

Peruonofocatoon and Code Swotchong were the focuu of the utudy. The data wau taken

from the utoroeu onThe Naked Travelerbook.

1.5 The Significance of the Study

The fondongu of the utudy are expected to be theoretocally and uognofocantly

relevant to uome aupectu. Theoretocally, The fondongu are expected to enroch the

theoroeu of utyloutocu devoce, upecofocally on the wrotten language wrotten by certaon

communoty woth certaon purpoueu.

Practocally, uonce thou utudy focuued on utyloutoc devoceu on a travel wrootng,

hopefully ot would be a great deal for teacheru and lectureu of pragmatocu or

uocoolonguoutocu to apply the analyuou of utyloutocu devoce towardu the utudentu, eother at

uchool or at unoveruoty, and to enroch theor perupectove on the uue of language on

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After analyzing the whole text deliberately, the conclusions are drawn as

follows:

1. Stylistic devices have been one of the ultimate elements to determine the

success of a travel story. There are twenty four stylistic devices found in travel

writing The Naked Traveler. They are Colloquialism, Metonymy, Epiphora,

Alliteration, Climax, Asyndeton, Antithesis, Anaphor, Euphemism,

Antonomasia, Jargon, Personification, Rhetoric, Ellipsis, Inversion, Paradox,

Tautology, Hyperbole, Irony, Repetition, Simile, Metaphor, Enumeration, and

Code- Switching. Colloquialism is the most dominant stylistic device found in

the texts.

2. The language used in travel writing tends be the ‘everyday’ language. That is

why colloquial expressions are the most dominant expressions found in the text.

It is to give a sense of realism to the story being discussed.

3. As a whole it is concluded that different type of writing genre will produce

different type of most dominant stylistic device. It has been studied from the

previous studies about stylistic devices brought by different researchers. In

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5.2 Suggestions

In line with the conclusions that have been stated, some suggestions are offered

to the readers, especially for those who are interested in doing further study on stylistic

devices as follows:

1. For the travel writers, it is very essential to understand the kinds and the

functions of stylistic device, to enrich their knowledge and to be able to make

use those devices for the betterment of their future work. Since the content of

travel writing is on the human interest, writers are expected to give creative yet

objective observation by using stylistic devices.

2. Travelling has been a trend in society that leads to a life style. To support the

life style many travel writings have been published widely to provide

information communicatively. Travel writing as one of the writing genres is a

popular source of study. It is suggested to explore more about travel writing

from the linguistics point of view.

3. There are many interesting aspects to be explored in linguistics. Stylistic

device is one of them. Applied Linguistics students are expected to have better

understanding about stylistic device to enrich their knowledge dealing with the

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5.3 Implications

Speech, essays, writings, etc, will be more interesting and lively with the use of

stylistic devices. There are many kinds of stylistic devices (figure of speech) with their

various functions. From the previous studies it is known that with different kinds of

field, where stylistic devicies applied, will produce different kind of most dominant

device.

To some extent, this thesis will be a valuable contribution to the teaching and

learning of English and stylistics in general and of stylistic devices in different genres.

Workshop to improve the skill of writing is also important to be done. Furthermore, it

also provides some references for the readers for the betterment of the future studies

for those who are interested to explore more about the use of stylistic devices both in

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