THE MADNESS CHARACTERS REFLECTED IN POE’S THREE SHORT STORIES
A THESIS
BY :
WINDA WIDYA SIREGAR REG. NO. 090705021
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
THE MADNESS CHARACTERS REFLECTED IN POE’S THREE SHORT STORIES
A THESIS
BY :
WINDA WIDYA SIREGAR Reg. No. 090705021
Supervisor, Co-Supervisor,
Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip. Appl. Ling. M.Hum Dr. Asmyta Surbakti, M.Si 19490423 197412 2 001 19600325 198601 2 001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Literature
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara ( USU Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M. Hum
Accepted by the Board of Examination in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara on 31 July 2013
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners:
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS,
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M. Hum
Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip. Appl. Ling. M.Hum
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I WINDA WIDYA SIREGAR DECLARES THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHORS OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCES IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THE THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : WINDA WIDYA SIREGAR
TITLE OF THESIS : THE MADNESS CHARACTERS REFLECTED IN THREE POE’S SHORT
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarrakatuh.
First of all I would like to give my biggest gratitude to Almighty ALLAH
Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala for blessings and endowments in my life. Especially during
the process of finishing this thesis. Nothing is possible happen without His
permission, Alhamdulillah I can finish this thesis. I always say Shalawat and Salam
the revolutionary Prophet, Rasulullah Muhammad SAW.
I would like to say thank you to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr.
H. Syahron Lubis, MA, and the head of English Department Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar
and the secretary of English Department Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum for their advice and
support during the process of finishing this thesis.
I would like to express my best thanks to my Supervisor, Dra. Redita Lubis,
Dip. Appl. Ling. M.Hum and my Co-supervisor Dr. Asmyta Surbakti, M.Si for
having shared their valuable ideas, times, guidance and patience. My gratitude is also
expressed to all of my lectures in English Department who taught me much and
contributed the knowledge during the academic years, and for Bang Amran as the
administration staff of English Department, thanks for making this process well
done.
I would like to say thank you to my father Hermanto Siregarthanks for being
my hero, my mentor, my best friend, and my inspiration. I would like to say thank
you to my beautiful motherSuswati thank you for everything, love, care, honest, and
Thank you to my best friends Triana Lestari, Armita Sari Siregar, Henni
Purwasih, and Zarlina for the smile, laugh, tears and for your support, for the
amazing years, and thank you so much we share everything and we can do it and I
wish our friendship is an endless thing. I specialy thank you for Siti Lestari
Nainggolan who gives me inspiration to finish my thesis, and also for Sri Yunita I
will never forget our together with the supervisor for guidance, start to make an
appointment, a discussion with the supervisor, and finally we finished thesis. I never
forget to thank you for my class mate in English Department 2009, especially Dewi
Maya Sari, Erna Januarini, Nurhasanah, Sinta Puspita Sari, thanks for being with me,
sharing everything, and giving great support, and to all my classmate in English
Department who always spend our great times together.
Finally, I hope this thesis will give advantage for the readers, especially for
who are interested in studying the same field. Thanks.
Medan,
The Writer
WINDA WIDYA SIREGAR
ABSTRACT
In thesis entitled The Madness Characters Reflected In Three Poe's Short Stories. In this thesis are an analysis of madness characters contained in the three selected short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe. The aim of this analysis tells us
that there was indeed madness stuff on the main characters in a short stories written
by Edgar Allan Poe is already selected. As for the short stories are 'Berenice', 'The Masque of the Red Death', and 'The Black Cat', and in this thesis the writer also describe the things that belong to the madness characters such as: hurting animals by
prying one one eye, then pull teeth forced out of one of the characters that cause
death and others.
The approach used by the writer to analyze three madness characters in three
short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe is selected Intrinsic approach, which focuses
on the character. The method applied in this research is descriptive qualitative
method, which aims to draw how madness character traits contained in the three
main characters in the short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe selected. Based on an
analysis of one of the intrinsic elements of the character, it was found that indeed
there is madness in a very strong characters in the three short stories. This depiction
includes interpretations that are then analyzed based on the existing data on the short
stories. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits to the readers about
the madness of information and analysis on the character of the characters in a short
ABSTRAK
Skirpsi ini berjudul The Madness Characters Reflected In Three Poe’s Short Stories. Di dalam skripsi ini terdapat analisis tentang kegilaan karakter yang terdapat pada ketiga cerita pendek yang terpilih karangan Edgar Allan Poe. Analisis ini bertujuan memberitahukan bahwa memang benar terdapat hal-hal kegilaan pada karakter utama di cerita pendek karangan Edgar Allan Poe yang sudah terpilih. Adapun cerita-cerita pendek tersebut adalah ‘Berenice’, ‘The Masque of the Red Death’, dan ‘The Black Cat’, dan di dalam skripsi ini penulis juga memaparkan hal-hal yang tergolong dalam kegilaan karakter seperti: menyakiti binatang dengan mencongkel salah satu matanya, lalu menarik paksa keluar gigi dari salah satu tokoh yang menyebabkan kematian dan lain-lain.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... iii
ABSTRACT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii
CHAPTER I ... INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ... 5
1.3 The Objective of the Study ... 5
1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 5
1.5 The Significance of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LITERATURE 2.1 Short Story ... 7
2.2 Character ... 10
2.3 Madness of the character ... 14
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
3.1 Data Collecting Procedure ... 22
3.2 Data Selecting Procedure ... 23
3.3 Data Analyzing Procedure ... 23
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ...
4.1 “BERENICE” ... 25
4.2 “The Black Cat” ... 28
4.3 “The Masque (Mask) of The Red Death” ... 32
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION ... 35
5.2 SUGGESTION ... 37
REFERENCES ... 38 APPENDICES
ABSTRACT
In thesis entitled The Madness Characters Reflected In Three Poe's Short Stories. In this thesis are an analysis of madness characters contained in the three selected short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe. The aim of this analysis tells us
that there was indeed madness stuff on the main characters in a short stories written
by Edgar Allan Poe is already selected. As for the short stories are 'Berenice', 'The Masque of the Red Death', and 'The Black Cat', and in this thesis the writer also describe the things that belong to the madness characters such as: hurting animals by
prying one one eye, then pull teeth forced out of one of the characters that cause
death and others.
The approach used by the writer to analyze three madness characters in three
short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe is selected Intrinsic approach, which focuses
on the character. The method applied in this research is descriptive qualitative
method, which aims to draw how madness character traits contained in the three
main characters in the short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe selected. Based on an
analysis of one of the intrinsic elements of the character, it was found that indeed
there is madness in a very strong characters in the three short stories. This depiction
includes interpretations that are then analyzed based on the existing data on the short
stories. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits to the readers about
the madness of information and analysis on the character of the characters in a short
ABSTRAK
Skirpsi ini berjudul The Madness Characters Reflected In Three Poe’s Short Stories. Di dalam skripsi ini terdapat analisis tentang kegilaan karakter yang terdapat pada ketiga cerita pendek yang terpilih karangan Edgar Allan Poe. Analisis ini bertujuan memberitahukan bahwa memang benar terdapat hal-hal kegilaan pada karakter utama di cerita pendek karangan Edgar Allan Poe yang sudah terpilih. Adapun cerita-cerita pendek tersebut adalah ‘Berenice’, ‘The Masque of the Red Death’, dan ‘The Black Cat’, dan di dalam skripsi ini penulis juga memaparkan hal-hal yang tergolong dalam kegilaan karakter seperti: menyakiti binatang dengan mencongkel salah satu matanya, lalu menarik paksa keluar gigi dari salah satu tokoh yang menyebabkan kematian dan lain-lain.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study
Literature is the mirror of social condition. Through seeing it, people, in a
large or narrow sight, could see to the reality occuring in the society. Reading literary
works seems like standing in front of a mirror. People could see entirely of their
body without any bug of lying. It possibly happens since literature always tells a
truth since the story intended in that work comes from its author’s heart. When a
man’s heart talks about a problem existing around him, it can be believed that the
heart mostly talks about the reality.
Richard Taylor (1981:1) said that, literature is essentially an imaginative act
of the writer’s imagination in selecting, ordering, and interpreting life experience.
Literature also refers to composition that tells stories, dramatize situation, express
emotions and analyze advocates ideas. It enables us to recognize human dreams and
struggles in different places and times that we would never otherwise know. It
provides the comparative basic from which we can see worthiness in the aims of all
people, and help us to see the beauty in the world around us. It also exercises
emotions through interest, concern, tension, excitement, hope, fear, regret, laughter,
and sympathy.
Wellek and Warren in their book Theory of Literature say literature as “a creative activity, an art” and literature is identical with the words: the expression of
human feeling, imaginative process and creativity (Wellek and Warren, 1972:2).
Literature can be divide into some genres. Such as poetry, drama, and prose, while
prose. Other forms in the genre of prose are novel, romance, and essay. Since this
analysis discusses short stories, it is necessary to have a clear understanding what
short story is. In Meriam’s Webster Ecyclopedia of Literature, short story is:
“....Brief fictional narrative to be distinguished from longer, more expansive narrative forms such as the novel, epic, saga, and romance. The short story is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in a single significant episode or scene and involving a limited number of characters, sometime only one. The form encourages economy of setting and concise narration; character is disclosed. A short story may concentrate on the reaction of mood rather than telling of the story. (Kuiper, 1995:1028).
Robert Diyanni (1990:23) said that, the short story as a form of short fiction
developed and became popular in the nineteenth century. During this period fiction
was channeled in the direction of realism or a detailed representation of everyday
life, typically the lives and experiences familiar to middle class individuals. Besides
its realistic impulse, the modern short story differs from the ancient forms of short
fiction in still another ways in the ratio between summary and scene.The short story
has grown to encompass a body of work so diverse as to defy easy characterization,
and focuses on a self-contained incident with the intent of evoking a "single effect"
or mood.
A fiction genre characterized by sadism, horror, madness of character ,
gloom, melancholy and darkness. Or often also with a strange storyline or something
extraordinary, and plot a gripping expose of solitude, such as the ruins of the castle
or other buildings. Glance, this description may be similar horror films such as Count
Three short stories by Poe's 'Berenice', 'The MasqueOf The Red Death' and 'The BlackCat' are considered in the literature. These short stories homage to horror or commonly referred to as a short story Gothic. Short story written by Edgar Allan
Poe is characterized by a sense of sadistic, horror, mystery, supernatural, human
awareness of death brooding, thrilling, weirdness and craziness of the characters
Edgar Allan Poe raised the horror story to a level far above mere
entertainment through their skilful intermingling of reason and madness, eerie
atmosphere and everyday reality. Poe had already shown a gift for writing about the
horrific in The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838). His tales are short, intense, and sensational and have the power to inspire horror and terror. He depict extremes
of fear, suffering and insanity and through the operations of evil, gives us glimpses
of hell. Poe’s long term influence was immeasurable and one can detect it persisting
through the 19th century.
.
Furthermore, this thesis will bump the character of the madness contained in
the three short stories by Edgar Allan Poe. Of the three short stories, found the
behavior that led to the sadistic madness characters like; prying eyes causing
blindness, with a sadistic animal torture, dismember human bodies, hurt by brutally
forced to pull out one of the organs of the human body such as dental and -other
sadistic things
Every short story should have characters as its element. A character is a
person who acts in the story. Human usually dominates characters in a novel and
every human has their own personality. The personality will lead the character to act
Madness of character is one of the Ghotic elements, which is almost always
appears in Ghotic fiction. It is a change of the character’s attitude, which is
influenced by evil thought, crime, superstition belief, and obsession and so on,
usually the characters that get mad are male characters while the women are in
distress.
To analyze the madness characters personality, the writer tries to apply
Wellek and Warren theory. According to Wellek and Warren, Both of this sciences
study about human behavior or character and human development. Literature
consists of the character who conducts a story while everything that relates to the
characters such as attitude or behavior and morality are part of psychology. The
writer usess his feeling and emotion in his works. It also happens on the readers, they
will use their feeling and emotion in reading the literary works because the works are
coming from the experience of the writer himself and the experience from other
people (Wellek and Warren, 1956:81-93).
The writer has some reasons why she is interested in Edgar Allan Poe’s short
stories. Firstly she is interested in writing, how Edgar Allan Poe builds the
atmosphere madness of the characters in his works. Madness of the characters here is
how to use his physical behavior of leaders to carry out his evil intentions, such as
the stabbing victim, gouged eyes, and forcibly pull the victim's body organs.
Moreover, the life of Edgar Allan Poe is interesting to see. He is a mysterious person.
1.2 Problem of the Study
This case makes the writer be curious and cause the writer has a question:
1. What are the the madness that comes from the three figures in the three
Poe short story
1.3 Objective of the Study
?
The objective of this thesis tends to answer the question or the problem of
study and it would be very useless if a study is made by having no targets. Therefore,
the aims of this study is, to explain how such the madness repercussions for the
characters
In accordance with the title of the thesis, the writer will analyse the madness
characters of Edgar Allan Poe’s three short stories entitled ‘Berenice’, ‘The Masque Of The Red Death’ and ‘
.
The Black Cat’
1.4 Scope of the Study
, and the main purpose is to find out the
characteristics of madness characters reflected in Edgar Allan Poe’s three short
stories.
About the title of this thesis, the writer restricted their analysis to focus on the
characters, especially the behavior of the madness character figures contained in the
three short stories written by Edgar Allan Poe. Madness characters will be analyzed
based on the characterization of the characters in the short story itself. Because it is
1.5 Significance of the Study
This thesis is made to gain more knowledge about the madness characters
reflected in three poe’s short stories that can be found in Poe’s three short stories.
The writer hope that this thesis will be useful for the readers who want to widen their
knowledge and enrich their interpretation about madness characters shown in Poe’s
CHAPTER II
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LITERATURE
2.1 Short Story
Robert Diyanni (1990:23) said that, a short story is a brief work of
usually written
in the 17th century, the short story has grown to encompass a body of work so
diverse as to defy easy characterization. At its most prototypical the short story
features a small cast of named characters, and focuses on a self-contained incident
with the intent of evoking a "single effect" or mood. In so doing, short stories make
use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components to a far greater degree than is
typical of
largely distinct from the novel, authors of both generally draw from a common pool
of
Short stories have no set length, in terms of word count there is no official
demarcation between an
parameters are given by the rhetorical and practical context in which a given story is
produced and considered, so that what constitutes a short story may differ between
genres, countries, eras, and commentators. Like the novel, the short story's
predominant shape reflects the demands of the available markets for publication, and
the evolution of the form seems closely tied to the evolution of the publishing
Short story in general is a form of fiction, and is the most widely published
fiction such as science fiction, horror fiction, detective fiction, and others. The short
story is now also include other forms of non-fiction such as travel notes, lyrics and
prose post-modern variants as well as non-fiction such as fikto-critical or new
journalism. Short stories tend to be less complex than novels. Short stories usually
focus on one incident, has a single plot, a single setting, a limited number of
characters, including a short period of time. In the forms of longer fiction, stories
tend to contain certain core elements of dramatic structure: exposition (the
introduction setting, situation and main characters); complications (events in the
story that introduces the conflict); rising action, crisis (when decisive for the
protagonist and their commitment to a step); climax (the point of highest interest in
terms of the conflict and the point of the story with the most action); resolution (the
story where the conflict is resolved), and
Because short, short stories can follow this pattern or may not. For example,
modern short stories only occasionally contained exposition. Much more common is
an abrupt beginning, with the story starting in the middle of the action. As in the
stories that are longer, plots of short stories also contain a climax, or turning point.
However, the endings of many short stories are abrupt and open and may (or may
not) have a moral or practical lesson. As with any art form, the hallmark of a
different short story by author. From
moral.
, short
1. Intrinsic elements
Intrinsic elements are elements that build on the work itself. Intrinsic
elements of stories include:
• A theme is the main idea of a story, which is believed to be the source and
story.
• Background (setting) is the place, the time, the atmosphere contained in
the story. A story should be clear that the course, when it happened and
when the state of the atmosphere as well as the story progresses.
• Plot (plot) is the arrangement of the event or events that make up a story.
• characterization is to describe the nature or character of a person's
character can be seen from three aspects, namely through: character
dialogue, character description and depiction of physical character.
2. Extrinsic elements
Extrinsic elements are elements that are outside of literature, but it does not
directly affect the structure or organism system literature. Extrinsic elements include:
• The values in the story (religious, cultural, political, economic).
• Background of life of the author.
• The social situation when the story was invented.
In analyzing a literary work, such as a short story, we need to apply some
approaches to get the better ideas of understanding of how to analyze this literary
work. These approaches can be applied to analyze a literary work itself. In this case,
the writer applies intrinsic approach to analyze a short stories from the outside of its
Masque of The Red Death’ bringging madness characters as its main topic brings the analysis
The object of literature is human being. Both of this sciences study about
human behavior or character and human development. Literature consists of the
character who conducts a story while everything that relates to the characters such as
attitude or behavior and morality are part of psychology. The writer usess his feeling
and emotion in his works. It also happens on the readers, they will use their feeling
and emotion in reading the literary works because the works are coming from the
experience of the writer himself and the experience from other people (Wellek and
Warren, 1956:81-93).
of the short stories to intrinsic approach. Because, human behaviors and
mental processes are nothing less than the substance of our lives: our actions, our
thoughts, our attitudes, our moods, even our hope and dreams.
This thesis discusses about the characters as the intrinsict elements, focusing
on Madness and characteristic of madness itself, which is somehow developed the
character’s personality. These reading materials like Theory of Literature by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. Character is an important element because the actor is
human, so the definition of character and madness characters will be explained in the
next poin.
2.2 Character
Robert Diyanni (1990:35-38) said that, Indeed, if one reason we read stories
is to find out what happens (to see how the plot works out), an equally compelling
reason is to follow the fortunes of the characters. Plot and character in fact, are
happened to him or her. Although fictional characters cannot step out of the pages
ogf their stories. We grant them a kind of reality equivalent to if not identical with
our own. In doing so we make an implied contract with the writer to suspend our
disbelief that his or her story is “just a story”. And instead take what happens as if it
were real.
Character is very important in real-made creation of literary works such as
novel,short story, drama or even some of poems. The nature of character presentation
brings a positive impact for readers to find out what is going on and what it is for. In
short, we approach fictional characters with the same concerns with which we
approach people. We need to be alert for how we are to take them. For what we are
to make of them, and we need to see how they may reflrct our own experience. We
need to observe their actions. To listen to what they say and how they say it. to nonce how they relate to other characters and how other characters respond to them.
Especially to what they say about each other.
Character in fiction can be conveniently classified as major and minor, static
and dynamic. A major character is an important figure at the center of the story’s action or theme. Usually a character’s status as major or minor is clear. On occasion,
however not one but two character’s may dominate a story.
The major character is sometimes called a protagonis whose conflict with an
E. M Forster (1990:73-80) said that, distinguishes two kinds of characters,
those are: Flat character is constructed round a single idea or quality, unchanging and
static, at the end of the short story he is essentially what he has been throughout, his
response is predictable and Round character is a charcter portrayed in the round,
profoundly altered by his experiences, he does not embody a single or quality but it
much more complex, his responses take us by surprise.
Kennedy (1991:47) said that,
It has often been assumed that characters in a literary work can be judged
from four levels of characterization. They are helpful for us to see the very basic
description of characters. The four levels are :
character is an imagined person who exists in
the story. Moreover, characters in short story have been especially created by the
author. Characterization is the author’s way of describing his characters in a literary
work or the author’s means of differentiating one character to another. Characters are
closely related to plot because character means action, while action from the plot of
literary work. An author may presents his characters in two general ways, they are:
(1) directly, telling his readers the characters’ qualities and (2) through actions,
showing the characters’ deeds by which his characters may be revealed.
a. Physical: physical level supplies such basic facts, as sex, age, and size. It is simplest level of characterization because it reveals external traits only.
b. Social: social level of characterization includes economic status, profession, religion, family and social relationships.
c. Psychological: this level reveals habitual responses, attitudes, desires, motivation, like and dislike-the inner working of the mind, both
and behavior define a character more fully than physical and social traits
and since a literary work usually arises from desires in conflict, the
psychological level is the most essential parts of characterization.
d. Moral: moral decision more clearly differentiate character than any other level of characterization. The choices made by a character when he is
faced with a moral crisis show whether he is selfish, a hypocrite, or he is
the one who always acts according to his belief. A moral decision usually
causes a character to examine his own motives and values, and in the
process his true nature is revealed both to himself and to the readers.
A characters who stands as a representative of particular class or group of
people is known as a type. Some types of characters are: Stereotyped characters do not represent individuals but a group of people, profession, etc they act according to
a set of pattern; Stock characters appeared from dramatic situation such as triangle love affair; Allegorical characters are usually not given human names but they represent human attitudes and emotions and author uses names taken from the
characters’ role representing their attitudes, behavior, etc; Full-dimension characters
usually described at greater length, more detail and capable of greater individuation.
From the above, that the allegorical character types found in the three short
stories written by Edgar Allan Poe, where a character's name is not given human
names and no clear origins and also overall emotional attitude of the characters are
2.3 Madness Of The Character
Madness of character is one of the Ghotic elements, which is almost always
appears in Ghotic fiction. It is a change of the character’s attitude, which is
influenced by evil thought, crime, superstition belief, and obsession and so on,
usually the characters that get mad are male characters while the women are in
distress. As an appeal to the pathos and sympathy of the reader, the female characters
often face events that leave them fainting, terrified, screaming, suffering and
destroyed by the madness that consumes the male character. In order to find out the
madness of the character in this story, in this thesis, I will analyse it by focusing on
the characterization of the characters of the stories.
Madness or insanity, has been recognized throughout history in every known
society. Primitive cultures turned to witch doctors or shamans to apply magic, herbal
mixtures, or folk medicine to rid deranged persons of evil spirits or bizarre behavior,
for example; Archaeologists have unearthed skulls (at least 7000 years old) that have
small round holes bored in them using flint tools. It has been conjectured that the
subject may have been thought to have been possessed by devils which the holes
would allow to escape. However, more recent research on the historical practice of
trepanation supports the hypothesis that this procedure was medical in nature and
intended as means of treating cranial trauma.
As been cited in An Introduction to Fiction, by X. J. Kennedy (1976 : 11, 12),
every story hinges on the actions undertaken by its main character, or protagonist, a
term drawn from ancient Greek tragedy that is more useful in discussions of fiction
opposing character, or antagonist, with whom the protagonist is drawn into conflict.
Development and motivation are also important in any consideration of a story’s
characters. Characters can be termed either static or dynamic, depending on the
degree to which they change in the course of the story. In some stories, writers may
try to plug directly into a character’s thought by using interior monologue, a direct
presentation of thought that is somewhat like a soliloquy in drama or
stream-of-consciousness, an attempt to duplicate raw sensory data in the same disorder state
that the mind receives it.
Description of characters also helps us to understand the writer inten. In real
life we are told from an early age not to judge people by external appearance, but in
fiction the opposite is more often the case: physical description is invariably a sign of
what lurks beneath the surface. Given the brevity of most short stories, these physical
details may be minimal but revailing in their lack of particulars.
The problematic characteristics of people with antisocial personality disorder
are enduring in nature. That is their problems begin in childhood and continue
throughout most of their adulthood. As children, many of them had serious problems
with implus control, the ability to restrain the gratification of one’s immediate needs
or desire, and were regarded as having a conduct disorder. Children with conduct
disorder get in trouble at home, in school and in their neighborhood. The more
frequent and diverse the childhood antisocial acts are, the more likely the individual
Barlow (1995:533-534) explain, that the causes of antisocial personality
disorder are from biological dimension: genetic influences, family, twin, and
adoption studies all suggest a genetic influence on both antisocial personality
disorder and criminality. Derek Russell Davis in his book An introduction to psychopathology, explains that the causes of the disorder among others: external agents affecting the brain directly, e.g. alcohol, drug or violence producing injury;
and events and circumstances outside the person which compose his experience.
In real life we are told from an early age not to judge people by outward
appearance, but the opposite is more common fiction: a physical description is
always a sign of what lurks beneath the surface. Due to the short story is the shortest,
the physical details may be minimal but the lack of specific revailing
o
.
Criteria for Madness Personality Disorder
Some of the characteristics of the madness personality which quoted from
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madness/Sadistic_personality_disorder,
1. Is amused by, or takes pleasure in, the psychological or physical suffering
of others (including animals).
they
are:
2. Has lied for the purpose of harming or inflicting pain on others (not merely
to achieve some other goal).
3. Gets other people to do what he or she wants by frightening them (through
intimidation or even terror).
4. Restricts the autonomy of people with whom he or she has close
relationship (e.g., will not let spouse leave the house unaccompanied or
permit teenage daughter to attend social functions).
2.4 Romanticism
Romanticism in literature, Romanticism found recurrent themes in the rise or
criticism of the past, the cult of "sensibility" with its emphasis on women and
children, the heroic isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for a new, wild,
loose and "pure" nature. Furthermore, several romantic authors, such as Edgar Allan
Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, based their writings on the supernatural / occult and
human psychology. Romanticism tended to think of satire as something not worth
serious attention, prejudice is still influential today.
During the Age of Reason in the Seventeenth Century, Romantic unavoidable
fell into increasing disrepute, so that it is found alongside with ‘bombastic’,
‘ridiculous’ and ‘childish’. Not long afterward, Romantic begins recover its status
from a term of depreciation to a term that occurs in association with ‘fine’. Romantic
could then mean captivating to the imagination.
The exact meaning of the term is matter of substantial debate. According to
Brunetiere: Romantic is a movement to honor whatever classicism rejected.
Classicism is the regularity of good sense, − prefection in moderation; Romanticism
is disorder in the imagination─the rage of incorrectness. A bilnd wave of literary
egotism, while Rousseau defines Romanticism is the return to the nature. Victor
Hugo defines Romanticism as liberalism in literature. Mingling the grotesque with
the tragic or sublime (forbidden by classicism) the complete truth of life and thought
The word ‘romantic’ was caught by the influential German critics Friedrich
and August Wilhem who gave it more a deeper and more specific group of
meanings; and through out the nineteenth century the term became more widely used
for the simple reason that nothing better appeared. The Schlegel brothers were
interested in defining a contrast between the art and literature of the classical world
and that of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (which they called ‘modern in
antithesis to ‘ancient’). The ‘Romantic’ refuses to recognize restraint in subject
matter or form and so is free to represent the abnormal grotesque and monstrous and
to mingle standpoints, genres, mode of expression (such as philosophy and poetry)
and events the separate arts in a single works.
The Gothic Novel, starting with Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto
(1764), an important precursor of one strain of romanticism, with a fun horror and
threat, and wonderfully exotic setting, suitable in the case of Walpole by his role in
the early revival of Gothic architecture. Tristram Shandy, a novel by Laurence Sterne
(1759-1767) introduced a weird version of the anti-rational public sentimental novels
of English literature
Romanticism has very little to do with things popularly thought of as
"romantic," although love may occasionally be the subject of Romantic art. Rather, it
is an international artistic and philosophical movement that redefined the
fundamental ways in which people in Western cultures thought about themselves and
about their world. It is one of the curiosities of literary history that the strongholds of
the Romantic Movement were England and Germany, not the countries of the
romance languages themselves. Thus it is from the historians of English and German
beginning in 1798, the year of the first edition of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge and of the composition of Hymns to the Night by Novalis, and ending in 1832, the year which marked the deaths of both Sir Walter Scott and Goethe.
Some aspects of Romanticism
Some aspect of Romanticism, which quoted from sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ensiklopedia/Romanticism,.
• Imagination
they are:
The Romantics tended to define and to present the imagination as our ultimate
"shaping" or creative power, the approximate human equivalent of the creative
powers of nature or even deity. It is dynamic, an active, rather than passive power,
with many functions. On a broader scale, it is also the faculty that helps humans to
constitute reality, we not only perceive the world around us, but also in part create it.
• Nature
"Nature" meant many things to the Romantics. As suggested above, it was often
presented as itself a work of art, constructed by a divine imagination, in emblematic
language. At the same time, Romantics gave greater attention both to describing
natural phenomena accurately and to capturing "sensuous nuance"--and this is as true
of Romantic landscape painting as of Romantic nature poetry.
• Symbolism and Myth
Symbolism and myth were given great prominence in the Romantic conception
of art. In the Romantic view, symbols were the human aesthetic correlatives of
simultaneously suggest many things, and were thus thought superior to the
one-to-one communications of allegory. Partly, it may have been the desire to express the
"inexpressible"--the infinite--through the available resources of language that led to
symbol at one level and myth (as symbolic narrative) at another.
• The Individualism
The Individualism of this period is also reflected in the preference for individual
and particular description. When their predecessors saw a man as a social animal,
saw him in his daily relations with his fellows, the Romantics saw him essentially in
solitary state, self –communing. Where the Augustan emphasized those features that
men have in common, the interest that bring them together, the Romantics
emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind, they exalted the atypical,
even the bizarre, they honoured the hermit, the outcast, the rebel. In the others words,
the Romantic period, the age of burgeoning free enterprise and revolutionary hope,
was also an age of radical individualism, in which both the philosophers and poet put
an immensely higher estimate, on human potentialities and powers.
• Supernatural and Strangeness
It is known that some Romantic poets escaped into a more beautiful past or
future, while others into the realm of supernatural. Consequently, the ‘Ghotic’ stories
focus much on the idea of the past and old world, for example A Ghotic building or
an ancient house, old places, darkness and moonlight. Or it might center on the idea
of in the form of he remote area, an escape from society, and alienation. Or it might
deal with supernatural by depicting the presence of ghosts, demonic or Satanic
• Ghotic and Mysterious
Ghotic in the term of literature can be defined as a melodramatic mode of fiction
in the late of eighteenth century and in the early nineteenth century. The word
‘ghotic’ had to mean ‘wild’ found it attractive to cultivate in reaction againts the
sedate new classicism of earlier with century culture. In literature, the ‘ghotic novel’
is a tale of terror with melodramatic and supernatural elements. Often these tales are
silly stories of violence and romantic love, set Oagaints the background of spooky
ancient castle, supernatural appearance and bloody murders. The plots hanged on
suspense and mystery, involving the fantastic and supernatural.
• Illogical /unacceptable
As the basic maning of the word ‘illogical’; is without or contrary to logic, the
literary works of the Romanticism period much consists this elements, especially for
the ghotic novels and others horror stories.
Other aspects of Romanticism were intertwined with the above three concepts.
Emphasis on the activity of the imagination was accompanied by greater emphasis
on the importance of intuition, instincts, and feelings, and Romantics generally called
for greater attention to the emotions as a necessary supplement to purely logical
CHAPTER III
METODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
In this thesis, the writer applies the library research by searching and
collecting references that contain and support the topic from the library for
accomplishing this analysis. The writer collects some relevant information from
different reference book. The writer applies the online research as well for she knows
that the opinion of others might be useful to support his thesis.
In analyze the short stories, the writer uses
In doing this thesis, the writer uses some steps as follows :
the descriptive qualitative method
in order to understand how something is happened. Qualitative research result the
descriptive data and consist of the explanation about variable which examined by
giving the explanation from other references. Then the writer continues with
selecting data or takes some quotations from statements of the short stories. After
that, the writer analyses the data by interpretating. The interpretation is described in
order to find out the truth offered by the data. The writer also collects the data from
books, journals, some information from the Internet,which relates to Edgar Allan
Poe, and other written sources as the library research.
3.1. Data Collecting Procedure
Fristly, the writer did the collecting data. The writer read the short stories to
get the information and to understand about the topic that will be analyzed in this
3.2. Data Selecting Procedure
Secondly, the writer did the selecting data. All the information that had been
collected were being selected and only the most significant or related data were left
in order to be used in doing the analysis of the thesis.
3.3. Data Analyzing Procedure
Thirdly, the writer did the analysis of the data. In analyze this thesis, the
writer uses descriptive qualitative methode in order to understanding how something
is happend. This method is a method of analysis by describing and analyzing the data
and then giving the interpretation and explanation.
The descriptive qualitative method is a method which describes facts which
are followed by analysis. This method is not only to describe the facts, but also to
give adequate understandings and explanations towards the facts (Ratna, 2004:53
However, analysis has referred to the meaning not only to elaborate but also
to provide an understanding and the clarification sufficiently. The writer analyzed all
the selected data in order to achieve the aims that had been formulated in the
objective of this thesis and finally the writer can design the conclusion for this thesis. Based on the theory, the present analysis walks on particular theory
composed by Wellek and Warren in Sapardi Djoko Damono’s Sosiologi Sastra
which states that literary works in wide or narrow sight affects the readers of thase
works and ultimately, those works give a significant influence toward social
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
THE MADNESS CHARACTERS REFLECTED IN THREE POE’S SHORT STORIES
4.1 “ BERENICE “
The beginning of the story, opens with a melancholic character recognition
Egæus, which seems alive with pessimistic, and alwaysuses negative ways and sad.
It is also explained that the memory of his past happiness is misery for in his days.
This is because during Egæus’s life, he has never felt the happiness. It can
“...,evil is a consequence of good, so, in fact, out of joy is sorrow born. Either the memory of past bliss is the anguish of to-day. Or the agonies which are, have their origin in the ecstasies which might have been.”
be seen in
the quotation below:
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 130)
We can see here that from the beginning the reason to marry Berenice Egæus
very strange. Berenice way he expresses with a word mystery. From her confession, that he has never loved before Berenice. So this proves that Egæus have
psychological disorders. It also c
“...,I living within my own heart, and addicted, body and soul, to the most intense and painful meditation – she, roaming carelessly through life, with no thought of the shadows in her path, or the silent flight of the raven−winged hours. ,,..During the brightest days of her unparalleled beauty, most surely I had never loved her.”
an be seen in the quotation below:
Egæus through illness, he has a reason to harm or hurt Berenice, who will
marry cousins. With a strange disease that affects Egæus, we can say that he does
have the disorder is psychological and he was a strange person. It c
“...Disease – a fatal disease, fell like the simoon upon her frame; and even, while I gazed upon her, the spirit of change swept over her, pervading her mind, her habits, and her character, and in a manner the most subtle and terrible, disturbing even the identity of her person! Alas! the destroyer came and went! – and the victim – where is she? I knew her not – or knew her no longer as Berenice!”
an be seen in the
quotation below:
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 131)
A strange the disease "monomania" suffered by Egæus makes him being
malicious personal. Due to the impact of the disease can make the Egæus lose
himself. Symptoms may be difficult to explain, and this disease spontaneously make
the Egæus turned into an evil character and mad about something, whatever it is. It c
“....In the meantime, my own disease – for I have been told that I should call it by no other appellation – my own disease, then, grew rapidly upon me, and assumed finally a monomaniac character of a novel and extraordinary form....,,−This monomania , if I must so term it, consisted in a morbid irritability of those properties of the mind in metaphysical science termed the attentive.”
an be seen in the quotation below:
Madness character of Egæus starting to look obvious here, which is where his
marriage to Berenice is imminent. Egæus began to plan things and act crazy to hurt
even hurt Berenice.
“And at length the period of our nuptials was approaching, when, upon an afternoon in the winter of the year – one of those unseasonably warm, calm, and misty days which are the nurse of the beautiful Halcyon, − I sat (and sat, as I thought, alone) in the inner apatment of the library. But, uplifting my eyes, I saw that Berenice stood before me.”
Can be seen in the quotation below:
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 134)
We can see more madness character of Egæus getting into. Even the A
strange disease that had affected him and he suffered his mind as well, and that there
are now only thinking Berenice teeth.
“I saw them now even more unequivocally than I beheld them then. The teeth! – the teeth! – they were here, and there, and everywhere, and visibly and palpably before me; long, narrow, and excessively white, with the pale lips writhing about them, as in the very moment of their first terrible development. Then came the full fury of my monomania, and I struggled in vain against its strange and irresistiblc influence.”
Can be seen in the quotation below:
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 135)
Madness character of Egæus looks too where her reasons for marrying
Berenice. That he wants to marry Bernice is not for love but he wants to analyze
Berenice as the object of his heart satisfaction. With that purpose, he has become a
person who does not have any feelings at all and make it as a cruel character. It c
“....−in the silence of my library at night, she had flitted by my eyes, and I had seen her ─ not as the living and breathing Berenice, but as the
an
Berenice of a dream...─ not as a thing to admire, but to analyze ─ not as an object of love, but as the theme of the most abstruse although desultory speculation...”
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 134)
Overall, three the madness had Egæus caused by her illness. the disease
"monomania" obsessed him in all those sadistic and crazy, and make it drown in he
imagination and do not think before doing something. But the highlight was when he
showed his insanity obsessed Berenice teeth. Obsession that took control of him and
make the him pull out the tooth courageous Berenice who has been dead, but he does
not realize it. He said that he did it like a man walking in his sleep.
4.2 “The Black Cat”
Beginning of the story to tell about the character of “ I ” in the short story
‘The Black Cat’. He was a very gentle man and has a high sense of humanity towards animals and all kinds of living things. He lived in a nice and lovely family because
he was taught to be a good person. She loves animals so the house is almost like a
zoo, which consists of various types of animals. Then his attitude is being changed
since he has affected by alcohol. So that he lost control and difficult to control his
emotions. He was also more irritable, become abusive to his wife and dared to give
Changes widened his rude attitude worse and worse every day. He began to
torturing animals like pet, torture them once they pass., And from his behavior he
does not have a sense of regret after torturing animals pet
This is the starting point of madness character in this short story. In addition,
the statement saying that he did this in an unconscious condition and maybe he is
being controlled by an evil spirit. But he was embarrassed to admit insanity that has
been made.
.
“Our friendship lasted, in this manner, for several years, during which my general temperament and character -- through the instrumentality of the Fiend Intemperance -- had (I blush to confess it) experienced a radical alteration for the worse....”
Can be seen in the quotation below:
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 649)
His attitude is regarded as madness character is also seen from the way he
tortured Pluto, black cats as pets as well for him and his wife. First, he tortured black
cat with one prying eyes of the black cat. Second, he hung it to the limb of the tree
near his home, of the statement that when he was killed and hung their pets, it
showed of his madness to his pet animals.
“One morning. In cool blood, I slipped a noose about its neck and hung it to the limb of a tree; --hung it with the tears streaming from my eyes, and with the bitterest remorse at my heart; --hung it because I knew that it had loved me, and because I felt it had given me no reason of offence; --hung it because I knew that in so doing I was commiting a sin --a deadly si that would so jeopardize my immortal soul as to place it...— “. (David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 650)
A crime is basically because of hatred, jealousy or the other, but not with
love. He kills and he knew he would do a great sin. He said he was a person who
likes to collect sin in his life. And from this, he began to hate God by hurting and
killing his lunacy.
His madness is increasingly becoming added by fear of the next reincarnation
of a black cat he has killed. Black cat who always entertain but to torture him and
make him go crazy and not be able to enjoy his life in peace and turn it into a good
man who lost properties. He felt that he was haunted by a cat and her increasingly
thinking about it, and make it crazy.
“Evil thoughts became my sole intimates –the darkest and most evil of thoughts. The moodiness of my usual temper increased to hatred of all things and of all mankind; while, from the sudden, frequent, and ungovernable outbursts of uncomplaining wife, alas! was the most usual and the most patient of sufferers.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 654)
Can be seen in the quotation below:
The next madness shown almost at the end of the story when he killed his
wife with an ax head. A husband who had just killed his wife or anyone else should
feel sad, scared, or run as far as possible. He does not plan to run away but he was
thinking how to hide her body. Finally he cut his wife's corpse and hid it in a box
and buried it behind the wall.
“....At one period I thought of cutting the corpse into minute fragments, and destroying them by fire. At another, I resolved to dig a grave for it in the floor of the cellar. Again, I deliberated about casting it in the well in the yard – about packing it in box, as if merchandise, with the usual arrangements, and so getting a porter to take it from the house.”
Can be seen in the quotation below:
After he was killed, cut up her body, and then put into a cardboard box and
buried behind the wall, he felt satisfaction with the job. He was not in vain and too
proud of the result of the hard work was very good. From the way he thinks, a
criminal act that proves that he has no morals and he's really very crazy character
figure.
“...When I had finished, I felt satisfed that all was right. The wall did not present the slightest appearence of having been disturbed. The rubbish on the floor was picked up with the minutest care. I looked around triumphantly, and said to myself: ‘Here at least, then, my labor has not been in vain.’... “ (David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 655) Can be seen in the quotation below:
The last is madness when he attracted the attention of the police to come to
his house and showed new wall he created, stored body wall where the wife. He also
does not know why he could did that crazy thing. But for us as readers, it is an act
totally crazy if done in front of the police. Because then could reveal who the
perpetrators of these terrible murders. That she herself, her husband.
“...─’I may say an excellenty well constracted house. These walls – are you going, gentlement? –these walls are solidly put together”; and here, through the mere frenzy of bravado, I rapped heavily, with a cane which I held in my hand, upon that very portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of the wife of my bosom....”
Can be seen in
the quotation below:
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 655)
Overall madness of the characters in the short story "Black Cat" character
found in "I", especially if we compare before and after the terrible event. Emotion
and brutality make it do something evil and acts like a madman. He even did not feel
4.3 “The Masque Of The Red Death”
In this short story the character is very strong madness in his obsession with
the 'Red Death' with a death, where all the people killed in this story by the 'Red
Death'. Social insecurity was also received from the short story, in which Prince Prospero and his people who live and work in the area feel very great fear of the 'Red
Death'. In fact, although the prince prspero and people locked themselves in a castle high and wide, but in the end they all will be slain by the madness of the 'Red Death
Beginning of madness character with the sudden presence of the figure that
had been their fear and avoid them. Red Death finally appeared before them in a way that a sudden and not disanggka-thought. Because, they are that the 'Red Death' will never be able to enter the territory prince Prospero, but it's all wrong. And now the
'Red Death' comes in between them with a form of a very horrible and disgusting.
'.
“...And the revel went whirlingly on, until at length there commenced the sounding of midnight upon the clock. And then the music ceased, as I have told; and the evolution of the waltzers were quieted;...─And thus too, it happened, perhaps, that before the last chime had utterly sunk into silence..,,─or murmur. Expressiveof disapprobation and ─then, finally, of terror, of horror, and of disgust.”
Can be seen in the quotation below:
(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 607)
With the advent of the 'Red Death' in the middle of a masquerade party that made Prince Prospero, it is clear that the purpose of the 'Red Death' coming is to kill all the people present at the party with its deadly disease. From the way she dressed,
“...−and shrouded from head to foot in the habiliments of the grave. The mask which concealed the visage was made so nearly to resemble the countenance of a stiffened corpse that the closest scrutiny must have had difficulty in detecting the cheat. But the mummer had gone so far as to assume the type of the ‘Red Death’. His vesture was dabbled in blood – and his broad brow, with all the features of the face, was besprinkled with the scarlet horror.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 608)
Prospero in the frenzy of fear 'Red Death' increasingly obvious. That Prospero was scared to death at the hands of the 'Red Death'.
“Who dares” he cried. “Take him! Seize him! Pull of his masks so that we may know who we must hang at sunrise ! “(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 608)
Can be seen in the
quotation below:
Then again, we can see the true character of insanity contained at the end of
this story where the 'Red Death' pursuit of Prospero tryingd to escape and in the end the 'Red Death' can be found. Without thinking of the 'Red Death' finish the job that is killing Prospero by sticking a knife into the body of the prince.
“It was then,,,─Princes Prospero.., rushed hurriedly through the six chambers, while none followed him on account of a deadly terror that had seized upon all. He bore aloft a drawn dagger, and had approached, turned suddenly and,..—There was a sharp cry ─ and the dag ger dropped gleaming upon the sable carpet, upon which, instantly afterward, fell prostrate in death the Prince Prospero....” “(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 609)
Can be seen in the
Finally, the madness made the 'Red Death' to be a threat, and this craziness happens repeatedly. The 'Red Death' will always be present in the evening, where life still exist.
“And now acknowledged the presence of the Red Death. He had come like a thief in the night. And one by one dropped the revellers in the blood-bedewed halls of their revel,,.─And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all.”
Can be seen in the quotation below:
“(David Campbell Publisher Ltd., 1992 : 609)
Overall can be seen madness character of the "Red Death" is cruel, she makes the people who are innocent feel the madness of it. No matter who the person is, the
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION
Having analyzed the short stories from the beginning to the end, I conclude
that the madness of the caracter can be found clearly in Edgar Allan Poe’s short
stories, “Berenice”, “The Black Cat“ and “The Masque of The Red Death” are full
of madness the character. These short stories have contributed towards American
Literature, since Edgar Allan Poe is a master of modren Gothic writer.
The Madness of character in the short story "Berenice”,can be seen from the way Egaues think about life, himself and Berenice. He is proud of his family but is
asshamed to admit that he is the member of the family. He always thinks about death
when he daydreams of his disease and Berenice’s disease. Berenice was very
beautiful and attractive girl when she was healty but he did not love her. The reason
he wants to marry her is also very strange, which is only because he wants her to
become an object to analyze, not because of love.
The Madness of character in the short story “The Black Cat”, we can see of
character “ I “ attitude, especially if we compare it before and after the first incident.
His emotion and his cruelity make him becomes evil and do something like crazy. He
does not even feel fear or sorry about the crime toward his wife. He still can sleep
The Madness of character in the short story “The Masque of The Red
Death”, is in the cast of "Red Death". where in this short story all the scary stuff, the
sadistic and crazy things done by the Red Death, ranging from killing, transmit
deadly diseases and others. poe makes madness characters on red death, because of
the name alone we can know that the "Red Death" is a daunting one.
And overall madness of the three characters in the short story written by
Edgar Allan Poe's madness all have properties such as: murder, sadistic, bizarre, and
like to do things to harm the physical and non-physical, such as: terrorizing. So
naturally the 18-19 century, many writers still use his imagination literary essays are
poorly understood by reason and logic, so no lasting from imagination as told in the
5.2 Suggestion
To understand the madness of three short stories that are in the 18-19 century,
should read the book gothic theory that it will also include the Baironic hero, which
focuses on things especially on figures madness. And
I also expect that the readers will be interested in reading the other literary
works of Edgar Allan Poe, and even analyzed them so that the readers will get
something about his literary works, his life or even his mind. In other words, reading
literary works can enrich the horizon of thinking of the readers about all things in
human life.
I hope that the readers can
understand what I have analyzed and get knowledge after reading this thesis. As my
analysis focuses on Ghotic elements, one of the Ghotic elements is madness of the
charcater that can be found in Edgar Allan Poe’s three short stories. I wish the reader
can take the clear picture of Ghotic elements that was so popular in the era of Poe.
Finally, I realized that this thesis is far from being perfect. Since I belive that
there are so many elements of Ghotic which are presented by Edgar Allan Poe. They
can not be explained all by me, so I wish that the students of English literature may
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John W. 1977. Best Reserch
Kennedy. X. J. 1976 : 11, 12. An Introduction to Fiction. New York.
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