THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING MATERIAL OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM WITH ACTIVE
LEARNING AND MULTIMEDIA
By:
Ernita Putry Silaban Reg. Number 4123332004
Bilingual Chemistry Education Program
A THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill The Requirement for Getting the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCES STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iii
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING MATERIAL OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM WITH ACTIVE LEARNING
AND MULTIMEDIA
Ernita Putry Silaban (Reg. Number : 4123332004) ABSTRACT
The development of innovative learning material of chemical equilibrium with active learning and multimedia is explained. The study is aimed to obtain good and standard learning material on the teaching of chemical equilibrium to senior high school students. The study is conducted through enrichment of chemical equilibrium topics followed by the development of learning media in video form to integrate a relevant material on each chemistry topics on chemical equilibrium. The results showed that the learning subject of chemical equilibrium has been developed well. Standardization of the material and learning material have been carried out by make questionnaire and the lectures are agree with developed learning materials with respond (3.60), students in SMAN 1 Sidikalang with responds (3.60), students in SMAN 1 Berastagi with responds (3.71), and students in SMAN 1 Perbaungan with responds (3.53). The total average of the respond is (3.58) that is means learning material is valid and good. The learning material set in e-book. The development of learning material have been standard and can use as learning material of chemical equilibrium as topic in Chemistry Subject in Second Grade in Senior High School to motivate the student to study chemistry.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The greatest praise and thankfulness to the Almighty God, Jesus Christ
for His grace and blessing who always provide health, spirit, strength and
everything to the author in finishing this thesis well and accordance to the
planning time.
This thesis, “The Development of Innovative Learning Material of Chemical Equilibrium with Active Learning and Multimedia” has been arranged
to obtain the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), State University of Medan
(UNIMED).
In this opportunity, the author would like to express the great appreciation
to Prof. Drs. Manihar Situmorang, M.Sc., Ph.D., as the thesis supervisor, Prof. Dr.
Ramlan Silaban, M.Si., Dr. Simson Tarigan, M.Pd., and also Nora Susanty, S.Si,
Apt., M.Si as the thesis examiners and also to Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si., as the author’s academic supervisor for their valuable time spent in giving guidances, advices, motivations, comments and suggestions during the process of finishing
this thesis and as a coordinator of bilingual program. The author also says thanks
to Dr. Asrin Lubis, M.Pd, as the dean Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, State University of Medan, then Nora Susanty, S.Si, Apt., M.Sc, as the
secretary of Bilingual Program. Great thanks to Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si., Prof.
Dr. Retno Dwi Suyanti, M.Si., Drs. Ajat Sudrajat, M.Si., as the expert lecturer to
standarize the module. And also thanks to Sir Syamsuddin as bilingual staff for
his helping in administrative assistance and kindness. And also to the head master
of SMAN 1 Sidikalang namely Drs. Alben Sianturi, SMAN 1 Berastagi namely
Alberto Colia, M.Pd., and head master of SMAN 1 Perbaungan namely Drs.
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The author’s gratitude also to all of students who have rendered their time to standarize the module as a sample of research, the student in second year
of SMAN 1 Sidikalang, SMAN 1 Berastagi, SMAN1 Perbaungan who have given
their helping and their support to finishing this research.
The deepest and special gratitude, appreciation and love to my wonderful
mommy L. br. Sinaga and J. Silaban for theis countless love, supports, prays,
motivation and careness and also to my beloved sisters, Elfrina Silaban, Yossie
Silaban, Rachel Silaban, then to my beloved brother Oscar Silaban for their
supports. And also special thanks to my beloved auntie Aspita Sinaga and Ronald
Rajagukguk for their loves and great motivations.
Special thanks also goes to my friends Lady Boangmanalu, Fany Sihite,
Evi Simanjuntak, Novel Tamba, Marianna Silaban, Arif Lase (Bil Chem’12) that
have accompany me during the research. I also would like to thanks for all of my
friend in BILINGUAL CHEMISTRY 2012, and everyone who cannot be
mentioned his/her name for their support and frienship during my academic years.
Finally, the author hopes this thesis would be useful for everyone who
like to explore more about the learning material and the innovation and integration
to learn chemical equilibrium notably and chemistry generally. May God bless us
forever.
Medan, June 2016
The author,
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LIST OF CONTENTS
Page
Legalization Sheet i
Biography ii
Abstarct iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
List of Appendix xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background 1
1.2. The Problem Identification 6
1.3. The Problem Formulation 6
1.4. The Problem Limitation 7
1.5. Research Objectives 7
1.6. The Significance of Research 8
1.7. The Operational definition 8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE STUDY
2.1. Learning Material 10
2.1.1. Defining of Learning Material Focused 10
2.1.2. The Use of Learning Material 12
2.1.3. The Types of Learning Material 13
2.1.4. The Development of Learning Material 14
2.2. The Innovation Learning 15
2.2.1. Defining of Innovation Focused 15
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2.2.3. Active Learning in Teaching Material for Chemistry 17
2.2.4. Multimedia on Teaching Chemistry 21
2.2.4.1. E- learning Focused Definition 23
2.2.4.2. Assessment of the Feasibility Standard Textboook in Learning
Materials based on Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP) 25
2.3. Description of Study Materials 28
2.3.1. Chemical Equilibrium 28
2.3.1.1. Definition of Chemical Equilibrium 29
2.3.1.2. Le Châtelier Principle 31
2.3.1.3. Equilibrium Expression 33
2.4. Conceptual Framework 35
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Location and Time 36
3.2. Research Population and Sample 36
3.3. Type of Research 37
3.4. Research Instrument 37
3.5. Research Design 37
3.6. Research Procedure 38
3.7. Data Analysis 41
3.7.1. Descriptive Analysis 41
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Survey of Chemistry Textbook 45
4.2. Descriptive Analysis of General Chemistry Textbooks 47
4.3. The Development on Learning Material on the Topic of Chemical
Equilibrium 51
4.4. The Innovation on Learning Material on the Topic of Chemical
viii
4.5. The integration of Active Learning on The Development Innovative
Learning Material n Chemical Equilibrium 53
4.6. The integration of Multimedia on The Development Innovative
Learning Material Chemical Equilibrium 54
4.7. Standarization of The Development Innovative Learning Material
of Chemical Equilibrium 58
4.8. Trial of Development Innovative Learning Material of Chemical
Equilibrium 60
4.9. Discussion 62
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. The Conclusion 66
5.2. The Suggestion 67
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LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 2.1. The table of relationship between Q and K in chemical
Equilibrium 35
Table 3.1. The description of population and samples that selected as
samples in the study of the development of innovative
learning material reaction rate with active learning and
multimedia. 36
Table 3.2. The Description of Analysis Textbook that are include
in The survey 41
Table 3.3. Validity Criiteria Analysis of innovative Chemistry
Learning Material 44
Table 4.1. The Description of General Chemistry Textbook that are
included in the survey 46
Table 4.2. The Percentage Average of Suitability of Description
Material for Analyzed Textbook 48
Table 4.3. The Description of Development of Learning Material on
the Topic of Chemical Equilibrium 52
Table 4.4. The Description of Innovation of Learning Material on the
Topic of Chemical Equilibrium 55
Table 4.5. The Description of Integration of Active Learning on the
Topic of Chemical Equilibrium 56
Table 4.6. The Description of Multimedia of Learning Material on
the Topic of Chemical Equilibrium 57
Table 4.7. The Questionnaire Result Chemistry Lecturers and
Students 59
Table 4.8. Trial Description of Learning Material on the Topic
x
LIST OF FIGURE
Page Figure 2.1. The Figure of thermal equilibrium 28
Figure 2.2. The Figure of chemical equilibrium concept 29
Figure 2.3. The Figure of final concentration of chemical
Equilibrium 31
Figure 2.4. The Figure of reaction of Le Chatalier Principle 32
Figure 2.5. The Figure of discruption and restorstion of
Chemical equilibrium reaction 33
Figure 3.1. The Research Procedure of development of
innovated chemistry teaching material process 40
Figure 4.1. The Comparison of Average Percentages of Books 50
Figure 4.2. The Application of Development Learning Material
Using Software 63
Figure 4.3. The Integration of Module Innovation 64
Figure 4.4. The Innovation that used internet as media for learn 65
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LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1. Syllaby 74
Appendix 2. Analysis of Chemistry Textbook 77
Appendix 3. Questionnaire of Innovative Leasrning Material on the topic
of Chemical Equuilibrium 84
Appendix 4. The question for Description Trial 85
Appendix 5. The Innovative Chemistry Module 86
Appendix 6. The Questionnaire of Standarization by Student 87
Appendix 7. The Questionnaire of Standarization by Chermistry Lecturer 91
Appendix 8. The Questionnaire of Standarization by Chermistry Lecturer
And Students 92
Appendix 9. The Researches Documentation 93
Appendix 10. Standar Assesment of Learning Book 95
Appendix 11.Letter of Administration 97
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background
The development of innovative learning material with active learning and
multimedia is very important to help student of senior high school in their
learning process. Innovative learning material expected can motivated students
and also can support the students to be more active in the learning activity. The
innovation is conducted to provide standard learning material for senior high
school students to make it easy to learn and to improve student’s competence.
Education is a container that serves to prepare human resources who have
competence in performing the functions of life. The education system should not
be separated from changes that occur in various areas as a result of globalization.
The rapid development of science and technology today can have a significant
influence on the world of education. All the components of education are expected
to adapt so did not experience gaps in dealing with the advancement of age. In an
effort to educate the nation, hence improving the quality of education becomes
very important for sustainable development in all aspects of human life. The
national education system continues to be developed in accordance with the needs
and developments at the local, national, and global (Mulyasa, 2004).
Sutama (2008) states, in line with efforts to improve the quality of
education, learning innovation is one thing attention besides supporting facilities
learning. Learning innovation and integration character education will be given
the opportunity improve the quality of education and develop in accordance with
the national character of culture in Indonesia (Situmorang, 2013). Where the use
of technology information for learning have also been encouraging learning shifts
from conventional learning to independent learning so learning impression
2
The need for the new atmosphere on learning activities on chemical
subject expected to make the students materially become active in learning, so that
able to improve student achievement (Siregar and Parera, 2013). One effort that
can be done by teachers to achieve the national goal is to developing teaching
materials into various form material includes a wide range of teaching material.
The learning material has many form and variation to develop teaching materials
of teacher required to continue - constantly improving ability.
If you do not have the ability developing teaching materials are varied,
teachers will be stuck in learning situations monotonous and tend to be boring for
students (Hamdani, 2011).
As an educator, a teacher is not just to perform its role in presenting the
material in front of the class to achieve the learning objectives fields studies which
it is responsible, but also expected to have skills and competencies that can
support the profession. The learning process in education generally involves the
four main components, namely students, teachers, the learning environment and
materials lesson. The fourth of these components affect students in achieving
goals learning. Each student has a different ability levels seen from the aspect of
perception, its knowledge in the field will be studied, learning motivation,
learning skills, and goals of study. To improve student achievement, teachers are
required to make more innovative lessons that encourage students to learn
optimally, with independent learning in the classroom. Therefore, media learning
to be effectively and selectively used in accordance with the principal topics that
are taught. Innovative multimedia development in this study expected to help the
problems in learning. So needed educational innovation, because innovation is a
plan or pattern that can be used to build the curriculum, designing instructional
materials and as director of learning activities within or outside the classroom.
Innovation in education is often associated with the renewal that comes from
creative thinking, finding, and modification that includes ideas and methods used
3
With educational innovation can make the student become more active in
teaching learning process, because active learning involves not only experience
doing something with the material learned but also reflection and dialogue, which
can occur either alone or in a group (Rine, 2006).
According to Michael Prince (2004), active learning is defined as any
instructional method that engages students in the learning process. In short, active
learning requires students to do meaningful learning activities and think about
what they are doing. While this definition could include traditional activities such
as homework, in practice active learning refers to activities that are conducted in the classroom. The core elements of active learning are students’ activity and engagement in the learning process. Active learning is often contrasted to the
traditional lecture where students passively receive information from the
instructor.
In presenting the material chemistry to become more attractive and
friendly, a teacher must have the ability to design learning activities in such a
way, for example by combining learning methods with the use of appropriate
instructional media, giving rise to a passion and curiosity for student properties.
Accordingly Suprayekti (2003), said that a teacher should have the skills to teach,
manage the stages of learning, utilizing the method, using the media of learning,
and able to manage time. The fifth case is an approach to teaching teachers to
communicate measures for the achievement of learning objectives. Many objects
that can be used as a media of learning, therefore, a teacher must be able to create
learning media in accordance with the material being taught. Learning media
become one of factors for interest in learning and learning success in achieving
predetermined competencies. Learning media will be developed into a learning
media based e-learning. According to Manihar and Andry (2014), the utilization
of information technology, multimedia and e-learning for learning through online
facilities have been able to push learning shift from conventional learning to
independently learning so as to facilitate students to learn not only depends on
4
use/exploit information and Communication Technology (ICT) as tools that can
be available whenever and wherever needed, so as to come over the constraints of
space and time (Sutanta, 2009).
According to Joice and weil in Nahadi (2010), innovation in education
are often linked with the renewal that comes from the result of creative thinking,
findings and modifications that make the ideas and methods that are used to
address a problem of education. Educational innovations also include a plan or
pattern that can be used to build learning instructional materials in the classroom
or outside class including learning materials. Thus, innovation in the learning
materials very urgent to implement so that the delivery of the material to be
focused and able to support the achievement of competence of students in
learning.
Therefore, it is necessary that learning can make students understand
about the subject presented and can be applied in everyday life. Need a concrete
attempt to design learning which gives ease to students in solving problems and
guide students to associate of science in real life creatively (Giantcarlo and Slunt,
2004).
A good learning materials must be able to present the teaching material
according to the demands of the curriculum, following the development of science
and technology and can bridge the learning for competencies has been established
can be achieved (Rosenberg, 2001).
Chemical materials in the learning materials should be systematic,
complete, and easier to understanding, attract, motivate independent study and has
additional material as appropriate to the characteristics of student enrichment. The
research aims to produce innovative learning materials that will be developed in
electronic and print form learning materials create a link to a video or animation
or tutorial website that provides an active learning so the students make easier to
5
only dependent on the teacher factor, but many other factors are also influential to
produce output or output quality teaching process. But in essence the teacher
remains the key element of the most decisive, because the teacher is one of the
main elements in the education system that greatly affects education. Learning
chemistry requires the skills of a teacher so that students easily understand the
material provided by the teacher. If the teacher is not teaching the student to
master the strategy will be difficult to accept the subject matter perfectly.
Teachers are required to conduct innovation and creativity in implementing the
learning, so that student learning outcomes satisfactory. Based on this problem
researchers intend to make innovation of teaching materials, in order to facilitate
the students to understand the concepts learned. The development through
innovation chemistry textbook learning materials are needed by using e-learning
media that can improve quality of education. Chemistry is one of the disciplines
of the natural sciences as one topic of chemistry lesson that studied in Senior High
School is "Chemical Equilibrium". Based on the description, researchers are
interested in doing some research and trying to develop innovative learning
materials in learning chemistry. The development of innovative chemistry
learning material is very important so can motivate student to learn and make the
student active in the process of learning and teaching and would help the student
to learn chemistry easily. So it is necessary to conduct research entitled “The
6
1.2. Problem Identification
Based on the background of that which has been described previously,
some problems can be identified as the following :
1. The arrangement of chemistry learning material on the topic of Chemical
Equilibrium to order it is suited to the common curriculum.
2. Prepare an innovative chemistry learning material on the topic of
Chemical Equilibrium in order the teaching and learning process can be
proceeded optimum.
3. Make innovation on the chemistry learning material of Chemical
Equilibrium in order the students can easily to study chemistry.
4. Standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard provided
by Indonesia Education National Standard (Badan Standar Nasional
Pendidikan).
1.3. Problem Formulation
Based on the background that has been stated previously, then the
formulation of the problem in this study are:
1. How is the arrangement of chemistry topic Chemical Equilibrium to
order it is suited to the common curriculum?
2. How to prepare an innovative chemistry learning material on the topic of
Chemical Equilibrium in order the teaching and learning process can be
proceeded optimum?
3. What kind of innovation can be made on to the learning material of
Chemical Equilibrium in order the students can easily to understand
chemistry?
4. How to standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard
7
1.4. Problem Limitation
In order for this study did not deviate from the purpose of research, the
problem in this study should be limited. From the formulation of this problem, so
that limit the problem in this study are:
1. Arranging and developing the standard innovative learning materials on
the topic of Chemical Equilibrium.
2. Preparation of innovative teaching materials developed from the general
chemistry textbooks that used.
3. Analyze the student’s opinion to the textbooks that used.
4. Teaching materials will be reviewed and revised by the chemistry
lecturer and students in Chemistry Department to obtain the standard
learning materials.
1.5. Research Objectives
The objective of this research is to develop an innovative learning
material on the teaching of Chemical Equilibrium in the university. The specific
objectives to be achieved in this study are:
1. To arrange of chemistry learning material topic Chemical Equilibrium to
order it is suited to the common curriculum.
2. To prepare an innovative chemistry learning material on the topic of
Chemical Equilibrium in order the teaching and learning process can be
proceed optimum.
3. To know what kind of innovation can be made on to the learning material
of Chemical Equilibrium in order the students can easily to study
chemistry.
4. To standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard
provided by Indonesia Education National Standard (Badan Standar
8
1.6. The significance of Research
The advantages that were hoped from this research as the following:
1. For chemistry teacher can use teaching material as module to make an effective teaching and learning and to increase student’s achievement. 2. For researcher, to develop and standardize the teaching material as
module to be used of student.
3. For student who learns chemistry can understand the topic of Chemical
Equilibrium easier, more attractive, and enjoyable.
4. For the next researcher, can contribute the ideas to do the other
researcher.
1.7. The Operational Definition
Based on that explanation, the operational definition as the following:
1. Innovation are research activities, development, and engineering which
aims at developing or applying the practical value and the context of the
new science, or new ways to apply science and technology that already
exists in the product or production process because Innovative for
learning material here is a learning that is designed/composed by
integrating new innovations in the learning with the goal of keeping
students more easily understand the learning done. Innovation is a new
breakthrough that is different from the ordinary (conventional) learning,
such as the addition of the media in the process of learning, the formation
of discussion groups and so on.
2. Innovative learning materials are a modification of material to meet
attractive one. Said innovative because the user will experience the
innovative and being active for example actively paying attention to
images, pay attention to the writings of varying color or motion, sound,
9
3. Materials are all materials (information, tools or text) that are arranged
systematically, which shows the figure of the whole of the competence to
be controlled by the learners and are used in the process of learning with
the aim of planning and review of the implementation of the study.
4. Indonesia Education National Standard (Badan Standar Nasional
Pendidikan) is an independent institution, professional, and independent
mission to develop, monitor and evaluate the implementation of national
66 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. The Conclusion
Based on the result of research that obtained from the result of data
analysis. It can be stated some conclusion as follows:
1. The arranging of innovative chemistry learning material on topic of chemical
equilibrium has successfully designed suited to the common curriculum that
using at senior high school students. The development of chemistry learning
material could be used as a learning media on teaching of chemical
equilibrium at eleven year for senior high school.
2. The standard and good innovative chemistry learning material prepared to
proceed teaching and learning process optimum. It was get the positive
response from students and chemistry lecturers as a standardizer with point
that given.
3. The kind of innovation has been included on the development of innovative
chemistry learning material both offline and online innovation. There are
video as an offline innovation, while the online innovation when the students
connected to internet and using the web link that has been inputted on the
learning material as an e-book.
4. The standard and good innovative chemistry learning material absolutely
have good criteria and suitable with Indonesia Education National Standard
(Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan), however based on content, extension,
67
5.2. The Suggestion
Based on the conclusion above, there are some suggestions that have to
be stated in order to make teaching and learning process in chemistry become
effective and efficient as follows:
1. It is suggested that the chemistry lecture or teacher should give the standard
and good innovative chemistry learning material based on the common
curriculum as main learning media to student especially learning material of
chemical equilibrium.
2. It is suggested to next researcher could improve the better innovative learning
material based on common curriculum and develop the e-book to make it
more simple and easy according to the suggestion that given by sample as
standardizer.
3. It is suggested to student holder for developing and providing the standard
and good innovative learning material to be used in the teaching and learning
68
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