1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I of this thesis presents background of study, statement of problems, purpose of study, significant of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key term. Each section is presented as follows:
1.1Background of Study
Literature is the part of expression of thought in language. According to Newman (2003:573), literature is the expression of thought in language, where by thought such as ideas, feeling, views, reasoning and other operations of human mind. Literature consist in the enunciations and teaching of those who have the right to speak as representatives of their kind and in whose word a record of their own experience and suggestion for their own judgment.
A work of literature does not come in its own criticism fast. It means, the author does not suddenly get mysterious blessing then create a literature. Literature is created by the author life toward his experience, idea, reflection, and culture recording about something in around environment then the writer makes it as a prose or poem.
2 Novel can gives big benefit to human development and life. It is suitable with the statement that novelist can educate more about human life than psychologist. The novelist can teach the reader more about human nature than the psychologist (Wellek, 1993:34).
There are more theories to analyze novel. The theory of literature is telling about nature and function of literature. Among the theories to explain the meaning of literature is genetic structuralism. According to Ratna (2008:91), structuralism means concept about elements that can stand between the relations. On the other hand, the elements have relation with the totalities. So, that is why literature and the author is very mutually influence one another.
The researcher uses Genetic Structuralism as a foundation to analyze the novel This Earth of Mankind. Genetic Structuralism is a theory proposed by Goldmann from France. In details, Goldmann attempts to analyze the literary work from two elements, those are: intrinsic and extrinsic element. According to Teeuw (1995:7),
“Reading a literature is reading an author’s ideology. As far the ideology means
the world of principle.”
The analysis with genetic structuralism shows that literature is a reflection of era. Literature can tell about social aspect, culture, politic, and economic. The important tragedy in its era will be directly connected with the intrinsic elements of literature.
3 novel. According to Clarke (1975:156), culture has creation from many sectors of human behavior.
In short, genetic structuralism has three things focus analysis. First is the analysis of intrinsic element. Second is the analysis about social life the author because the author is the part of certain society. The last is analysis about social culture background and history that make a literature created by author.
In the previous study conducted by Nur’aini (2009) with the title Genetic
Structuralism Analyses “Lucky Jim” by Kingsley Aims, tells how to analyze
novel with genetic structuralism. She suggests, to analyze a novel use genetic structuralism theory, researcher should know historical background related to the novel, the author background, when and where the author creates. The advantage using this theory is that we not only take the message from novel but also can understand the historical background.
In this section, the researcher is interested in analyzing This Earth of Mankind. It was a novel that could not circulated in Orde Baru Era. This Earth of Mankind written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. He was a member of Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat (Lekra), an organization under control of Partai Komunis Indonesia
(PKI).
4 Pramoedya Ananta Toer was under arrested and being a prison during 14 years without litigation. He was exiled to Buru Island, Maluku on August 1964. In Buru Island, Pramoedya writes novel This Earth of Mankind although government prohibits writing during detention on the Island of Buru. This Earth of Mankind tells about Minke as a main character that was affected European culture.
Minke represents a young student who was amazed at everything about Europe. In the other situation, Minke should be blasted in another personally opposing, Nyai Ontosoroh. Nyai Ontosoroh represents another product of European culture. She was being a ‘gundik’ - mistress, when she was young. That was the culture with no less primitive of Javanese kings.
The attitude of Minke who left his culture also happens to the young student in Indonesia. A lot of students in Indonesia like modern culture than traditional. One the example is losing of respect of teenagers when they are passing in front of their parents without bow down. That is impolite sometime. According to Adeney
(2005:327), “People from overseas give more effect because their attitude not
common. Some of them are well and others no”. Its actions are not represented
attitude by Indonesians who are known well.
This thesis is important because the researcher analyses novel This Earth of Mankind. It is a popular novel in the world, but in Indonesia like a stepchild. One thing that make researcher is interested in analyzing Novel This Earth of Mankind
is because the novel is very close with the researcher’s world as a history and
5 1.2Statement of Problem
1. What is Minke’s personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer?
2. How does Minke deal’s with his personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind?
1.3Purpose of Study
1. To find out Minke’s personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
2. To find out how Minke deal’s with his personality in the novel This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
1.4Significant of Study
Researcher hopes the result of this research can be useful to a reader who wishes to know about Genetic Structuralism Approach especially for the student of English Department in University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
This analysis is description of the importance of reading a novel for education. Education helps human being to solve problem in the life. So the reader can use it to anticipate some problems that happen in the daily activity.
1.5Scope and Limitation
6 this reason the researcher limits on Minke as a main character of the novel This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
1.6Definition of Key Term
1. Analysis is show how systematic much of that behavior is and do so in a rather surprising way (Wardhaugh, 2006:233).
2. Genetic Structuralism is the idealism of seeing worldviews as purely conceptual entities, to be established at the level of conceptual thought alone; as purely intellectual rather than social and practical problems (Belo-Kano, 2001:103).
3. Pramoedya Ananta Toer is an Indonesian author of novels, short stories, essays, dramas, and histories. The Dutch imprisoned him from 1947 to 1949. Orde Lama had imprisoned him from 1969 to 1979.
4. Novel is a book-length story in prose in which the author tries to create the sense that while the readers read, they experience actual life (Kenney, 1996:52).
An Analysis of Minke’s Personality
on Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel
“This Earth of Mankind”
Thesis
BY
BENNI INDO
09360262
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Motto and Dedication
“Tahu kau mengapa aku sayangi kau lebih dari siapa pun? Karena kau menulis. Suaramu tak kan padam ditelan angin, akan abadi, sampai jauh, jauh di kemudian hari.”
“Orang boleh pandai setinggi langit, tapi selama ia tidak menulis, ia akan hilang di dalam masyarakat dan dari sejarah. Menulis adalah bekerja untuk keabadian.”
PramoedyaAnantaToer
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah! By the grace of Allah, the unforgettable love, I have
finished writing this thesis. Within His love, I am able to do the best in
composing my thesis.
The deepest thanks to my inspiration, Pramoedya Ananta Toer who give
me chance to know you and your art in literature. Although we never meet and
shake the hand, I can listen to your voice and look your life.
I also dedicate my great gratitude to my advisors, Mrs. Rina Wahyu
Setyaningrum and Dian Arsitades Wiranegara, who gave their guidance,
opinion, time, suggestion, and their motivation in completing the thesis.
My highest appreciation is spent to my beloved parents, my pap’s Aridi
and my mom’s Jamilah, who always give their true love and support for me for
all this time. To my beloved brother, Fariz Beni Adam, thanks for your support,
also for my big lovely family in Banyuwangi.
A very special thanks goes out to Dr. Arief Budi Wurianto who always
has time to discuss with me. Dr. Arief is the teacher who never gets bored
telling to me about history, culture, literature and the philosophy of arts.
The sincere thanks to my journalist friends, my lovely organization
Didaktik, Bestari, and Focus that give me a place to develop my talents. I would
also like thanks to members in solider.or.id and SIGAB.
The last but not the least, thanks to my friend Rizky Budi Rahayu,
Mohammad Lutfi Hakim, Ainur Trihana, thanks for your support. To all my
friends in the class, thank you for all these beautiful memories. And all of my
friend that cannot mention them one by one. May God bless us, amien!
Malang, 15
thSeptember 2014
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN. . . .24
3.2 APPROACH . . . 25
3.3 OBJECT OF STUDY. . . .27
3.4 DATA. . . .27
3.5 DATA COLLECTION . . . ... . . . 28
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS. . . 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 RESEARCH FINDING. . . 29
4.2 DISCUSIONS. . . 48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 CONCLUSION . . . .50
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