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Conference Proceeding

INTERNATIONAT

CONFERENCE

ON

MATHEMATICS,

SCIENCES,

TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION

AND

THEIR

APPTICATIONS

Makassar, 20th

-

21't august 2013

RECEI{T

RESEARCH

AND

ISSUES

ON

MATHEMATICS,

SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATIOIV AIVD

THEIR

APPLICATIOIVS

.*--,ff

ICMSTEAzo'4

-}ilse:'.

-4€cnl-fiJ.ne

utLie.u.t.t1/4

ISBN

979-604-151-0

Mathematics and

Science

Faculty

j.

ICMSTEA

2OI4:

RECENT RESEARCH

AND

ISSUES

ON MATHEMATICS,

SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY,

EDUCATION AND THEIR

APPLICATIONS

Editorial

Board:

Syafruddin

Side

Iwan

Dini

Rahmat Syam

Sumarlin

Muis

Ahmad Fudhail

Andi

Irma

Suryani

Ansari

Saleh

Ahmar

Muh.

Aqil

Rusli

Bustang

Muh. Hijrah

Irwan

Iswan

Achlan

Setiawan

Nur Wahidin

Ashari

Wahyuddin

Bara

Zulkifli

Rais

Reviewer Board:

Prof.

Max

Warshauer

Prof.

Susie Groves

Prof.

Peter

Hubber

Prof.

Naolci Sato

Prof.

Baharuddin

Aris

Prof. Ismail

bin Kailani

Prof.

Duangj ai

Nacapricha

Prof. Muhammad

Arif

Tiro

Dr.

Fran van Galen

Prof.

Suratman

Woro

Suprodjo

Dr.

Siti Nuramaliati Prijono

Oslan Jumadi, Ph.D.

Prof. Gufron

D.

Dirawan

Muhammad

Abdy,

Ph.D.

Dr.

Ramlawaty

International Conference on Mathematics, Scionce, I'echnology, Education and their Apptications

d(

(ICMSTEA) 2ot4 _;EHF

WELCOMB SPEECH

Forewords from the Head of Committee

Assalamu' alaykum wa Rahmatullahi wa B arakatuh

First, I want to give our welcome to all the delegates, speakers, and participants coming today. Welcome to State University of Makassar, UNM.

This

conference

titled

International Conference

on

Recent Research

and

issues in Mathematics, Sciences, Technology, Education and Their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014 is assigned

to

the

53rd Dies Natalies

of

IINM.

It

is

primarily

organized

by

Faculty

of

Mathematics and Natural Science in conjuction with several committee members from other faculties within State University of Makassar.

This conference is conducted in two days from 20th of August to

2lst

of August in Theater Room, Pinisi Building, State University of Makassar. It involves eleven keynote speakers, ten

invited speakers, and approximately 150 parallel speakers.

Ladies and gentlemen, as

I

previously said, the conference proudly invites twelve keynote

speakers coming from several countries. Therefore, on behalf of the committee members,

I

would like to express my sincere thanks to the keynote speakers, speciflcally:

I.

Professor Max Warxhauwer (Texas State University, USA)

2.

Professor Naoki Sato (Osaka Prefecture University, Japan)

3.

Professor Peter Hubber (Deakin University, Australia)

4.

Professor Susie Groves (Deakin University, Australia)

5.

Dr. Frans Van Galen (Utrecht University, the Netherlands)

6.

Assistant Professor Duangjai Nacapricha (Mahidol University, Thailand)

7

.

Dr. Siti Nuramaliati Prijono (the Indonesian Institute of Sciences)

B.

Professor Baharuddin Aris (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)

9.

Professor Ismail bin Kailani (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)

10. Professor Muhammad

Arif

Tiro (Iowa State University

&

State University of Makassar)

11. Professor Suratman Woro Suprodjo (Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia)

Next,

it

is my privilege to thank all organizing committee members who have been showing good work and determination for the accomplishment of this conference.

All

of them have been working since the beginning of the planning stage and they are still here today for all

of

us, even though they are very busy with their personal responsibilities.

On this occasion,

I

would like to apologize to all of you when there are some inconvenience

things during the implementation of this conference since we, the organizing committee, as

just human being.

Finally,

I

would like to thank to the speakers and the participants listed in this conference. May I wish you all two fruitful days of interesting and beneficial conference and also that you have a very pleasant stay in Makassar.

Thank you very much for all the attention,

As salamu' alaykum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh. Head of Committee,

I

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications

(rcMsTEA) 2014

Forewords from the Dean of Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty,

State University of Makassar B ismillahirrahmanirrahim

Assalamu' alaykum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuh

First of all, let us praise to the Almighty, Allah SWT, because of his Blessings and Helps, we are able to gather here to attend International Conference on Recent Research and issues in

Mathematics, Sciences, Technology, Education and Their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014.

The development

of

education and technology

in

recent decades grows very rapidly. In addition, they have been specialized into many specific topics. Indeed, for researchers and lecturers, being qualified

of

a specific

field

as

well

as being aware

of

the contemporary development of other fields are two crucial things. One of the reasons why we undertake the

conference is to

fulfil

those two things. By attending the conference, researchers and lecturers have a good opportunity to share their research findings and to obtain broader descriptions

of

the development of other general knowledge.

We convey our deep appreciation and gratitude to all of the committees that work from the

beginning to support and organize the conference. We also strongly expect the participants

of

the conference to be continually produetive, increase the capacity in conducting a research, and carry out both national and international scientific publications.

Finally,

let

me again recite thank you

to

the

all

participants

of

the conference who are

receptive to spend their time to be present and entirely involved at this events.

I

wish the

conference advantageous for all ofus. Billahi taufiq wal hidayah,

Wassalamu'alaykurn Wr. Wb.

Dean of Faculty of Mathematics and Science State University of Makassar

Prof. Dr. H. Hamzah Upu, M.Ed.

-l

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Forewords from Rector of UNM

Bismi llah irrahman i rrahi m

Assalamu' alaykum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuh

Your respectable, the high officials

of

State University

of

Makassar, the committee

,

the speakers, and the partipants ofconference.

It

gives me great pleasure

to

extend

to

you

all

a very warm welcome, especially

to

our keynote speakers who have accepted our invitation to convene the conference.

It is an apportune time to convey to you that

tiNM

is celebrating the 53rd Dies Natalis and

it

commends the faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science (FMIPA) to be in charge of all activity sequences in the Dies Natalis. However, the support of other faculties is also really influential and gives valuable contribution to the success of the event.

In that celebration, we undertake several agendas including educational and sport activities.

The conference, ICMSTEA, is one of our edusational activities that covcrs a wide range

of

very interesting items relating

to

mathematics, sciences, education, technology and their

applications.

By taking participation of this seminar, it is highly expected to all of us to share our research findings to society and continuously develop new ideas and knowledge. Those things are two significant steps

in

improving

the

quality

of

nations around

the world,

increasing our

familiarity to each other, and even avoiding underdevelopment.

On this good occation, let me quote what Obama said about the education related to this conference and I wish fruitful for all of us:

Every single one of you has something you're good at. Every single one oJ'yott has something

to

offer. And

you

have

a

responsibility to yourself

to

discover what

that

is. That's the opportunity an education can provide.

Therefore, through this conference, we are able to implement education.

Furthennore,

I

would like

to

take this opportunity

to

express my heartfelt gratitLrde to all

organizing committee especially for Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty that primarily hosts this conference particularly and other Dies Natalis events generally.

Finally,

this

is a

great

time

for

me

to

declare the

official

opening

of

the International

Conference on Recent Research and issues in Mathematics, Sciences, Technology, Education

and Their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014. I wish you a very enjoyable stay in Makassar

I warmly welcome you again, as in Makassar, we say "salamakki battu ri mangkasara"

As s alamu' alaykum warahmatullah wabarakatuh.

Rector of State University of Makassar

iii

J

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications

(rcMsTEA) 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WELCOME

SPEECH

...i

TABLE OF

CONT8NTS...

-.-...-..---.--.-.-. iv

Designing and Design

Research

...,... I

Frans vcrn Galen, Utrecht Univcrsity

Matlrworks, Math Problems and Math Education

Research...'

.-...2

Mrrx, Texas State University

Job Orientation Of Undergraduate Statistics Students of FMIPA Universitas Negcri

Makassar....

...'.'....'..'...'..3

Muhamrnacl

Arf

Tiro, Makassar State University

Membraneless Vaporization Devices: Ellbctive On-Line Tools For Separation of Volatile

Compounds ln Flow-Based

Analysis

.-...---.-.-.----.4

Nacapricha, D, Llraisin, K, Choengchan, l.V, Ratcmat,vimctrnwong,N. ond Wiloirat, P,

Mahidol University

Correlation Between Structures And Electronic Properlies Of Organic Semiconductor

Thin

Fikns..

...5

lVaoki Sclo, Kyoto University

Stem and Oer To Stimuiate Student

Engagement

...6

B aharuddin,4rrs, Universiti Tehnologi Malaysir

Representation Construction: A Research Developed Inquiry Pedagogy For Science

Education...

.'...'...'.7

Peter Hubber, Dealcin University

Improving Mathcmatics Teaching Through Lesson

Study...

...'.8

S'usie Groves, Deakin Univcrsity

Introduction To Modelling For Geographical Resources Managernent...9

Stu'otman, Gajah Mada University

Role of Biological Sciences ln Developing The Scientific Basis For Sustainabie

Deve1opmen1...

..."...10

Siti Ntu'amctlioti Prijono, The Indonesian Institute of Sciences

(LIP|

Mathematics

Leadership

...1I

Ismail

Kdluni,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Developing Of School-Based Management Traiuing Model For Principals...12

Arismunandar, Nurhikmcrh H., Widl'a lktrmilasari Ahmad, Makassar State University

[image:7.612.110.504.242.575.2]

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Analysis Of Complex Building Stmctures Through Cooperative Learning: An Approach

To understand complex

subjocts....,.

...'....'...,..20

Ayuddin, Gorontalo State University

Learning Number Pattern Using The Arrangement of Planting Palm Tree...'..'..'...27

Sutarto Hadi, Agni Danaryanti, Kamaliyah, Lambung Mangkurat University Analysis of Dynamic Behavior Cd4+T Cells and Cd8+T Cells to mycobacterium

Tuberculosis

Infections.

...35

tJsman _{Pagalay, Affi Nur Rochmatin,Islamic} State University of Malang

Review On Misconception In Chemistry Textbooks, Teachers And Students Of Senior High

School As Users; Case Study On The Concepts Of Quantum Numbers And Electronic

Configurations...

...42

Kristian H. Sugiyarto. Yogyakarta State University

Separation of Ca (Ii) And Mg (Ii) Metal Ion Underground River Water In Baron With Activated and Inactivated Zeolite By Fixed Bed Column Adsorption Method...53

Suyanta, Susila K, Annisa F, Hendarti and Rr. Putri F, Yogyakarta State University Developing Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model For Organic Photovoltaic CelIs...58

Elisa Sesa, Darmawati Darwis, M. Syahrul Ulum, Abdullah, Warwick Belcher, Paul Dostoor, Tadulako University and New Castle University

Isolation And Identifioation Of Hydrocarbon Degradation Bacteria And Phosphate Soluble Bacteria In Lapindo Mud Sidoarjo

-

East

Java...

...-.71 Yuni Sri Rahayu, Yuliani, Guntur Trimulyo, Surabaya State University

The Construction Process of Students' Mathematics Knowledge Based On Cognitive Style

In A

Learnin9...,....-.-..

...84

Abdul Rahman, Ansari Saleh Ahmar, Makassar State University

Influence of Self-Concept And Learning Interest On Mathematic Aohievements of 8th Grade Students Through Activities and Creative Thinking Ability At Junior High School In Alla

Subdistrict At Enrekang

District...

...100 Djadir, Makassar State University

What Is The

Ability

of

Geosense?...

...101 Feny Rita Fiantika, Surabaya State University

Mathematics Learning Based Mathematical Communication Culhred and Character

of

Indonesia....

...,...1 17

Izwita Dewi, Tiur Malasari Siregar, Nurhasanah Siregar, Medan State University

Hipnoteaching As A Teaching

Mode1...

...129

Ja _faruddin. Makassar State University

Student Understanding of Symbols In Math

Algebra...

...136

t

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education afld their Applications

(TCMSTEA) 2014

Analysis Of Concept Understanding of Trigonometric Ratio's From Str"rdent's Initial

Ability On Class X.1 Sma Negeri I

I

Makassar

...140

Andi Fauziah Mustafa, Suwardi Annas, Alimuddirt, Makassar State University

Improving College Students'Understanding On Mathematical Finance Course Through

The Use of Post-Hypnotic Suggestion of

Hypnotherapy...

...146 Hamzah Upu, Bustane, Makassar State University

Designing Learning Continuum As a Basis For Constructing Diagnostic Test

(Its Implementation For Algebra

Expression)

...153 Kusaeri, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

The Development Of Internet-Based Assessment

of

Math Learning Evaluation...160

Marutati Abd. Malik, Mas'ud B, University of Muhmmadiyah Parepare

The Influence of The Implementation of Unconscious Mind Program To Students' Mathematics Learning

Achievement...

...167

Muh. Hijrah, Sabri, Ja'faruddin, Makassar State University

Development of Teacher Competence Instrument Based On Rating By Students at

SMA in Pangkep

District...

...174

Muhammad llham Rauf, Basointang Sappaile, Ruslan, Makassar State University Learning from Misconception to re-Educate Students In Solving Problems

of

Mathenratics...

.-...177

Nasrullah, Usman Mulbar, Makassar State University

Exploration Of Mathematics Representation In Solving Mathematics Problem Based

On

the Level of Metacognitive Awareness

of

Grade X-IPA at SMAN

I

Majene... .185 Nurdin Arsyad, Rezki Amaliyah A. R, Makassar State University

Problem Based Learning (Pbl) To Enhance Mathematical Analysis And Evaluation Skills of Junior High School

Students

...195

Nur Wahidin Ashari, Dadan Dasari, Stanley Dewanto, University of Education and

Padjajaran University

Pre-Service Teachers' Perspective To Identifli Evidence Of Teachers' Effort on Developing Democratic Classroom Through

Video...

...702

Rahmah Johar, Cut Khairunnisak, M. Ikhsan, Cut Morina Zubainur, Syiah Kuala University

The Profile Of Thinking In Solving Algebra Based On Solo Taxonomy Viewed From

The Level Of Self-Efficacy

At

Students of Smp Al-Azhar

Pa1u...

...212

Rio Fabrika Pasandaran, Ilham Minggi, Alimuddin, Makassar State University

Is Reforming School Mathematics Curiculum Urgent In Indonesia?...218 Sabri, Makassar State University

Matlrematics Learning At Non-Rme

Classroom

....224 Syahnillah Asyari,Ikhbariaty Kafisar

}adry,

Makassar State University and Muharnmadiyah

,

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Effect of Cooperative Learning on Mathematics Achievement of Sixth Grade Students

of

Mendrelgang Primary School In

Bhutan...

...235 Tulashi Devi Pradhan, Naresuan University, Thailand'

The Description of Mathematical Problem Solving on Spldv Material Based on Student's

Persona1ities...

...-...'.'...-".245

Muhammad Zainal Abidin, Ilham Minggi, Mnh.

htfri,

Makassar State University

Rigorous Mathematical Thinking In Geometry

Course..'..,"

...252 Mega Teguh budiarto, Pradnyo wijayanti, Ika kurniasari, Surabaya State University

Cooperative Interaction In Learning

Mathematics...'

....264 Suradi, Makassar State University

Influence Theoretical Problem Based Learning Model Cooperative Setting (PBMSK)

Against Intelligence Personal

Development

.-.-...-273 Ahmqd Talib, Ismail Kailani. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Effect Of Student's Learning Style On Student Resistant Misconception In Chemistry

Concept...

....274

Septyadi David Eka Aryungga, Suyono, State University

of

Surabaya

The Design Of Instruction Model Based On The Metacognitive Skill For Establishing Problem Sotving Ability And The Understanding of Chemical Concept...'.. '...281' Ij ir ana, Tadulako University

Preliminary Analyzes Of Metacognition Awareness And Learning Outcome Of Basic Chemistry For Biology' Students FMIPA

LINM...

-..-..---292

Muhammad Danial, Nurlaela, Makassar State University

The Relationship Between Prior Knowledge and Creative Thinking Ability In Chemistry

of

Students In Grade

XI

Science at Public High School of

Takalar

...'.."'.'.".'298

Ramlawati, Dewi Satria Ahmar, Melati Masri, Makassar State University

Characterization Of Polyblend Of Kelor Seed (Moringa Oliefera) With Eggshell As

Adsorben for Water

Treatment...

...306 Suherman, Sitti Aminah, Solfarina, Tasrik, UIN Makassar

Effect Of Leaming Model Cycle Learning Through Contextual Approach To Learning

Chemistry Class

Viii

Ipa Smp 30 Makassar

(Studies In The Subject Matter Of The

Chemical)...

.'."...'..".'315 Ni Luh Asriniasih, Sugiarti, Makassar State University

Higher-Order Thinking (Hot) Skills In IIN, TIMSS,and PISA

Items.

.'...'..'.328 Wasis, Sukarmin,

Muji

Sri Prastiwi, Surabaya State University

Development of Science Practical Courses To Improve The Inquiry

Ability

of Prospective

Teacher...

...335

Rosnita, Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak

,

International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Etlucation and their Applications (ICMSTEA) 2014

Multiple-Choice Exams With Pictorial-To-Pictorial Format Representation of Density

of Liquid And Aspect Cognitive

Measured....

...346

Helmi Abdullah, Jasruddin, D.Malago, Patta Bundu, Syamsul Bachri Thalib,

Makassar State University

Developing Of Physics Teaching Materials On Based Environmental...--.353 Jasruddin, D. Malago, Helmi Abfullah, Makassar State University

The Influence of Learning Strategies and Cognitive Learning Styles on Learning Outcomes

In Physics of Students at SMAN 5

8u1ukumba...

...359 Kaharuddin Arafah, Kasmiati, Makassar State University

Development of Web Based Physics Learning Media for 10th Grade Senior High School In

Dynamic Electricity

Topic...

...368

Kiar

Vansa Febrianti, Fakhrizal Arsi, State University

of

Jakarta

Innovative Learning Development Model For Improving High Level Thinking Skills And Student Learning

Culture...

...,...379

Raharjo, Wahono Widodo, Wasis, Surabaya State University

National Test _Quality

(IN)

at 201212013 School Year Of Subjects Physics Lesson Is Evaluated From Difficult Level And Different Poweritem In Level SMA,MA Study Program Natural Sciences (tPA) In Makassar

Ci1y...

...386

S. Salmiah,Sari, Makassar State University

The Influence Of Cooperative Learning Strategies ThiilI( Pair Share (TPS) Toward Capability In Probelm Solving Of Ecology With Different Cognitive Style...,398

Amiruddin Kasim, Tadulako University

Correlation Student Activity of Creating Concept Map and Concept Map Product That Created by Student With Learning Outcomes On The Nervous System Material In SMA

Negeri 10

Bu1ukumb4...,.

...406

As may ani, Makassar State University

Study on Learning Process (Project Based Learning) In Environment Science Course...414

B aiq Fatmawati, STKIP Hamzanwadi-Selong

The Development Of Chart-Based Instructional Media Of Biology As Biocompass For

Protists Subject Grade

X

Semester

I

...418 Engka Rulcrnana, Nurhayati B, Andi Rahmat Saleh, Makassar State University

Scientific Inquiry Skills of Preserved Biology Teacher In Laboratory Activity.. ...425 Fenny Roshayanti, Sumarno, Muhammad Syaipul Hayat, PGRI University of Semarang Utilization of Simple Microscope as Alternative Media at Basic Competency 6.3 Describe The Diversity of Life Organizational System From Cells To Organism at Class

VII

MTSN

Turikale Kabupaten

Maros...

...433

Kasmiatang Kadir, MTSN Turikale Kabupaten Maros

r,',..n.tion"t conference on Mathematics, science, Technorogy, Education

*.

ilfiirtrr$T

iisi;

Ke,

Item Test Analyzing for Odd Semester Examination of Biology Matter In Class

XI

Senior

High Schools In Tamalanrea District at Makassar City for Academic Years 201312014...439

Muhammad Takwin Machmud, Hardiyanti M, Yttsminah Hala, A. Mushawwir Taiyeb,

Makassar State University

The Different Of Science Cognitive Learning Outcome On The Respiratory System By Using

Problem Based Instruction Model With Demonstration Method And Without Demonstration

Method In Class

VIII

MTSN

Ke1ara...

---.----...-449

Nurul Fatimah Syukri, Firdaus Daud, A. Asmawati Azis,Makassar State University

Implementation

of

Representation Visuospatial

(Vs)

Teaching

In

Cell Biology Concept

for Undergraduate Students Mathematics and Biology

Education

.-..-.-..-.-..-.457 Purwati Kuswarini Suprapto, Universitas Siliwangi

Relationship Analysis of Sport in Creating Fasting with The Student Health Aspects

Science Foundation Islamic School Foundation Sciences of The _Qur'an

Al'Muzahwirah

Makassar...

....462

Muhammadong, Arifuddin Usman, Makassar State University

Evaluation on Managerial Supervision Program Secondary Education Unit of Supervisors

In Poso

District...

.,.,.,",,..471

Yunita Timbani, Makassar State University

Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teacher Candidates The Portfolio

Assessment

...476

Andi Makkasau, Patta Bundu, Makassar State University

Corelation Islamic Values Against Sport In Creating Emotional Intelligence In Students Aliyah Islamicschool An-Nahdlah

Makassar...

...485

Arifuddin, U, Muhammadong, Makassar State University

Analysis Of The Roles Of School Supervisors In Guiding Teachers To Conduct Classroom

Action Research

At

Senior High School In Bulukumba

District...

...498

E rny, Makas sar State University

Using Laboratory Simulation In Vocational High School To Model Real World

Problems....

...504

Hendra Jaya, Sapto Haryoko, Makassar State University

Vocational Education Reform In a Global

Era.,-...

...510

Muhammad Yahya, Muhammad Farid, Makassar State University

The Readiness of Students, Vocational High School Building Engineering Department,

and Construction Industry In Applying lnternship Program In Makassar City".."'."...520

Onesimus Sampebua, Anas Adandi, Makassar State University

Rearanging Free Education Policy In Indonesia (Case Study: Free Education Policy In

Makassar)...

Suarli n, Makassar State University

528

Inl..rr,ro.rr, Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education

-4.};rifi+1|XilTil

&

Utilizing Audio Visual (VCD) To Improve Repruduction Written Skill In English Learning of Teacher Training of Elementary School Program

(PGSD)...,...

...537 Rohana, Makassar State University

The Impact of Policy on Region Expansion To Office Administrative Services

In Barombong Subdistrict of Gowa

District...

...550

Rudi Salam, Rosdiana, Suarlin, Haedar Akib, Makassar State University

Procedures of Constructing Tests by The High School English Teachers In Makassar...558 Suhartina A. Busrah, Baso Jabu, Muhammad Nasiruddin Sainu, Makassar State University

The Development of Science and Technology Through The Professionalism of Lecturers..565 Syamsidah, Makassar State University

Positive Expectation Model Development Education Improvement Efforts As A Stress Self-Management Skills Student Vocational High School (SMK)

Makassar....

...573 Abd Saman, Muh Jufri, Makassar State University

The Application

Of

The Pigeonhole Principle, Modular Arithmetic, and Permutation In

Playing Magical Trick Of a Card

Game

... 583 Faiar Arwadl, Makassar State University

Application

of

Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) With Analysis Of Moment Structures

(AMOS)

... s8e

Stmardi Annas, Irwan, Makassar State University

Developing Students Books With Topics Matrix Based On Rigorous Mathematical Thinking

(RMT) In

CurriculumZ}l3

...-...597

Ika Kurniasari, Pradnyo Wijayanti, Mega Tegth Budiarto, State University of Surabaya Homomorphisms and Isomorphisms In The Ftzzry

Subgroup

... 601

Sukrnawati, Fitriani, STKIP YPUP Makassar

Approximate Analytical Solution for SIR Model of Dengue Disease In South Sulawesi Using Homotopy Analysis and Iteration Variation

Method

... 605

Syafruddin 5., Yulita Molliq Rangkuti, Makassar State University, Medan State University

Stability Analysis

of

System

of

1

Prey

-

2

Predator

With Holling

Type

Ii

Functional

Response

...616

Abadi, Surabaya State University

Portfolio Optimization Analysis of Stock Using Markkowitz

Model

...621 Ansari Saleh Ahmar, Makassar State University

Evolution Equation of Homogeneous Semi-Markov Processes In Health Insurance Additional

Premiums Calculation for Outpatient Respiratory

Disease

...627

Faihatuz Zuhairoh, STKIP YPUP Makassar

Survival Analysis and Its Application In Public

Health

...'.." 639

t

International Conference on Mathematics, Sciencen Technology, Education and their Applications

(TCMSTEA) 2014

Optimal Control of the Forest Arealogistic Growth Model Preservingthe Stable Interaction

of

Temperature, Pressure And Atmospheric COz Content

.,...

...--.--- 649 Agus Indra Jaya, Rina Ratianingsih, Affindi, Tadulako University

Measurability of The Henstock Integrable Function of Vector Valued Function On a Locally

Compact Metric

Space

'."'.'.'.'..'..

656 Manuharawati, Strabaya State University

Application

of

SIR

Mathematical

Model

for

Transmission

of

Dengue Fever Through

Collaboration Counseling with Health Center Staff In Lanrisang, Pinrang ..."'.'..' 663 Syafruddin S., Makassar State University

Screening of Tembelekang Plant (Lantanacamaralinn) Active Compounds Forprevention

of

Infectious

Diseasesinskinwounds

... 666

Muharram,

Iwan Dini,

Pince

Salempa,

Sitti Faika,

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Anwar, Makassar State University, Hasanuddin

University

COMPUTATTON

MODEL

FOR

THE

FEB/FEZB

LAYER

GROWTH

DIFFUSION

KINETIC

DURING THE

ST41

LOW

CARBON

STEEL

POWDER

PACK

BORIDING

Sutrisno

DepartmentofPhysics,statelslamicUniversitySyarifHidayatullahJakarta

il.

Juanda 95, Ciputat, Banten, Indonesia e-mail address: sut uin@Yahoo'com

Abstract

Inthispapef,acomputationmodelisproposedtostudythegrowthdiffusionoftwolayers(FeBlFezB)of

St41 low carbon steel during the powder

pu"t

toriii.rg

ii

ttre temperature

9f

9f00C.

for

8 hours

of

treatment time. This computation model based on thJ Fick's

Law

was solved

under

the certain

assurRptions with the

p;ili;;t"wtn

of iron boride' For this study' a numerical method was

created to

comput the iron borides layer thickness as.a function of process

p""'ntt"tt

(temperature and time)'Based on the paraboric gro*trr-"trr*tant

it

can be

J.trr*i".d

the diffusion coefficient for the phases of

FeB, FezB, .f E2D, 4rru UrrruDrvrr ""' and diffrrtlg4

=9r*

,

Keywords.po*d",constant,diffusioncoefficient,

FeB/FezB laYer'

1.

Introduction

Boriding

is

a thermochemical surface-hardening technique'

It

is a surface treatment process

*t

iott boron atoms diffused into the

r*fu..

of

base material between

600

and

1000o

C.

Boriding

can

be

done

in

various ways, like gas boriding, molten salt borrding,

and pack

boriding' The boriding

produced

layers that have

high

hardness (Campos, et

ali,

2oO7).

A

modified surface

laYer

consisting

of

FeB

and

Fe2B

phase can be

produ""Jby

boriding process'

-The

powder-pack

boriding

has

the

advantages

of

simplicity

and

cost-effectiveness

in

comparison

with

other boriding processes'

In

this iechnique, the boriding agent

in

powder

form is plaied

irrto a heat resistant

box

and

samples

are

embedded

into

this

powder under

inert

gas atmosphere,

At

the

end

of

boriding

time, the box

is

cooled

at

room temperature and then, dust over the samples

is

removed.

It

is

of

great

importance to

establish

the

process parameters

that

affect

the boriding kinetics

in

order

to

control

automated procedures and obtain the optimal properties (Kedam, et a11,2010)'

Despite

the

significanoe

of

boriding

process

in

industrial

field,

there

is

little

iiteranre

about

the

modeling

of

the

layer growth kinetics. For instance,

it

can be cited Ihe model of

Brakman

for the powder-pack

boriding, the model

of

Campos

and that

of

Keddam

applied

to

the

paste-boriding process (Keddam, et a11,2005)' Th-e model

of

Brakman accounts

for

the

specific volume

difference between

FeB

and Fe2B

phases (Keddam,

et all,

2005)'

The

concentration

gradient

of

boron inside each layer

is constant.

The main

_Purpose

of

this work is

to

propose

an

alternative

diffusion

model

for

ihe- powder-pack

boriding,

considering the thermodynamic properties of the Fe-B phase diagram and the

diffusivity of

boron

in

each

phase for the study of bilayer growth kinetics

(n"eF"Zn)

onto

the

St41

iron

substrate

between

600

and 10000C

for

variable

process

time

(Bejar,

et

all, _-

2006)'

The validation of the numerical method based on

the present diffirsion model was achieved by

comparison

of

the

calculations

with

the

experimental data (DYbkov, 2007).

Moreover,

this

model

was

able

to

predict the boride layer thickness depending

on the powder-pack boriding process'

2. Mathematical

Model

The analyzes of the mathematical model

was based

on the

case

of

the

solvent

A

is

saturated

with

solute

B.

The

chemical

potential of B on the surrounding atmosphere

is

such that one

or

more phases are formed

on

the

substrate surface'

The

phases

correspond

to

comPonents

of A

and

B

(phases

FeB, Fe2B and diffusion

zone),

*h.."

the growth interfaces are rich in boron (Ozdemir,

et

all,

2006)

.

The

concentration

profile for the growth of

two

or more phases

is linear (Fig. 1), and

it

is assumed that boron

concentrations

are

constant

over

the

interfaces as

well

as on the substrate surface (Sukru, Genel,2006).

During

the

boriding

Process,

the

conditions

for

thermodynamic equilibrium

are

reached

all

the

time'

'Therefore,

the

concentration profiles for the three phases are (Campos. et all, 2007):

Forthe:

0<x<u

; ra 11

vF.B _-s

C,(x,r)=Tx+C,

(1)

forthe:

u<x5.v

;

- Cr^u-'

cr(x,t)=T@-u)tCr*

(2)

forthe:

vSx<w;

cr(x,t)=95P(x-v) *cr"zr

( 3 ₎

where:

u:kt

{t;

u:kz

{t;

w:ks

{t

(4)

C(x,t) is the concentration as a function

of x

and

t,

Cr(x,t)

boron

concentration between

the

surface

and

the

first

interface, Cz(x,t)

boron

concentration between

the

first

and

second interface,

Cl(x,t)

boron concentration

on

the

diffusion

zone, Coz concentration in the

diffusiorrzofle,

Cr'"e consentration at the

FeB

interface,

CFue

concentration

at

the

Fe2B interface, and Cs surface concentration' Beside that, the variable

t

is treatment time,

kr

parabolic

growth

constant

of

the

FeB inteiface, kz parabolic growth constant of the Fe2B interface,

k:

parabolic growth constant

of

the diffusion

zone,

u

parabolic growth

function

on

the

FeB

interface,

v

parabolic

growth function

on the

Fe2B

interface,

w

parabolic

gtowth function

on the

diffusion

ione,

and

x

distance from the surface

of

the

steel.

4{x,t}

[image:19.612.125.529.110.718.2]

I* (' -l

Figure 1. tsoron concentration profile fbr tlrree phases (Campos, et all, 2007).

surface/FeB,

FeB/Fe2B,

and dC,

dx Considering that after some time the substrate is saturated with boron, the mass

balance equation

for

the

growth

of

the FeB layer, Fe2B

layer,

and the diffusion

zone

t,

the

interfaces between the

lG 0,, - c,)0, =

u*Y

-

o*uW

(

B)

Lr(c

r,ru - c r,r)k, ='

r,roff

- o

rrffp

t

e)

I

-

-n

(Crr'Cr"rr)

;(C

D,

-

C o"rr)kt = D oz

-7i=

(10)

The

system can

be

solved

to

calculate

boron

mobility

by

the Newton-Raphson numerical method.

3. Experimental Procedure

-ylindrical

_samPles

of

St41

low

carbon steel, whose chemical composition

are: O.l7wt%

C,

0.30wt%

Si,

0'20

0.50wt%

Mn ,

0-050wt% P and 0'05wt% S,

respectively.

Afterwards, the samples

were -

covered

into the

Powder

Pack boriding agent that consist

of

5wt%o BaC,

5vrt% KBF4,

and

90wt%

SiC'

The

temperatures that used in the fi'rnace were

9000C with the treatment

time

8 hours'

FinallY,

the

samPles

were

cooled

naturally

,

cross-sectioned

by

electrical discharge machining and a metallographic preparation was done

in

order to observe

the

layers and

the

diffusion zone

on

a 756

Fe2B/diffusion zonc are:

tlu ^

dC,_D,.,

(-C. + C _r"o)

ctt = Dr.o n*

s)

\

-Co.a+cnrr\#=

Donr,#-

r-#

6)

dw'

(-Cor+Cn,"o)i-

Dnz

1)

Where

D

is

the diffrrsion coefficient

of

the

solvent over

the

substrate, Do

pre-exponential

factor

(m2sec-l),

Doz

difhrsion coefficient

of

boron

at

the diffusion zoRe, DF.B diffusion coefficient

of

boron at the FeB interface, and Dr'zn diffusion coefficient of boron at the FezB

interface.

Assuming that interfaces

follow

the

parabolic

growth

law

and using

the toncentration functions

(1), (2),

and (3) the following simultaneous equations are

obtained (CamPos, et a11,2007): dC,

clear

field,

using optical microscopy'

A

minimum of 5 measurements of the layers thiokness and diffusion zone were done at

different

points

of

the samples.

The presence

of

boride formed in the borided iayer at the surfaces of the St41 steel were

determined

by XRD

analysis, using Cu

and

Mo

radiation

with

wave

length between 0.6 and 1'9 A".

4. Result and Discussion

The

morphologY

and

growth of

boride

phases

on St4I

steel

with

a

treatment time of B hours and temperature

of 9000C is shown in Figure 2'

Fe2B

[image:20.612.122.497.187.676.2]

diffusion zone

Figure

2.

Cross-sectional views of st42 borided (FeB, FezB) and diffusion zone

Figure 2 presents the FeB and FezB layers that have the thickness about 100 pm and 180 pm.

* 2b 4*

&0-t

.s0

?d

f-^ :* _u t5

s

g

H1#

e 5- u:

\1

fr23

?4

!I15

c

,g Is

h

*r" J

*'? 'Iso iiQ

Tlme it), slrr

3 Z0 40 60,

g) '1 g.n @ q9 & € :u_tj fi k v m

)

lirile {t}. s1r2

Figure

3.

Growth kinetics of iron boricle layers and diffusion zone for St4l steel The growth

of

iron borides and diftusion

,oo"* ut

a

function

of

process

time

for

steels

exposed

to

the

Powder

Pack boriding process can be seen at the figure 3. The parabolic growth constants for the borided phases and diffusion zone are the

values of the slopes presented in Fig' 3'

These Parabolic

growth

constants depend upon the boron concentration in

"q.rilibtirrm

with

the

material

surface'

Boron

difflision

coefficients

on

the borided phases and diffusion zones for

St41

steel

were

determined

with

the parabolic growth constants, Eqs. (5), (6),

and (7), and the concentration values for each ofthe interfaces.

The

mathematical

model used

is

sensible

to

the thicknesses measurements

of

boride layers and diffusion zone' In

order to minimize the roughness effect at

interfaces growth, the layer thickness was defined as the average value

of

the long

boride

teeth

t4l.

Boron

diffusion coefficients for the

St4l

steel on the FeB,

Fe2B phases

and diffusion

zone reach

their

maximum

value

at

9000C

and

treafinent time 8 hours.

The parabolic growth constant kt, 1<z,

and ks

for

the phases

of

FeB, FezB, and

diffusion zofle

resPectivelY

can

be

obtained from the slope

of

the curve in

figure 3. Based on the parabolic growth

constant

and

equation

8), 9),

10)

simultaneously

it

can

be

calculated the

diffusion

coefficient

of

the

FeB,

FezB layers and diffusion zone- For the more

clear, the numerical result of the parabolic

growth constant and diffusion coefficient can be seen in the table 1.

Tabel 1

:

Parabolic growth constant and diffusion coefficient of the St41 iron boride layer Parabolic

growth constant (k)

Diffusion

coefficient (D)

FeB 0.282

x

10-)

m2lsec

0,067

x

10-r2

mzlsec FezB o.Ot0

x

10-s

m2lsec

b.109

x

1o-'2

m2lsec Diffusion

ZOne

0.147

x

10-)

m2lsec

0.043 x 10"t2

m2lsec l*S iu{i 140 160 :iSS

758

[image:21.612.218.426.99.255.2]

5. Conclusion

The

growth

of

iron

borided laYers

and

diffusion zone

is

reflected

bY

treatment

time and

temperature, generating more compact and continuous

l-uy".t on the surface

of

the material, and

more massive precipitates of FezB beneath

the layer.

The alloying element

in

St41 tend to consentrate

in

the

tip of

boride layer, reducing the boron

flux

in

this zone and generated flat fronts growth' The diffusion

ioefficient

of

the diffusion zone has the

value that bigger than the other layer' Acknowledgement

I

wish

to

exPress mY deePest and

sincere gratitude to Dr. Agus Salim, as the

dean and gave me the opportunity

to

joint

on "The International Conference on the

Recent

Researches

and

Issues

on

Mathematic,

Science,

TechnologY, Education, arrd their Applications".

References

1.

Campos, I., Ramirez, G', Figueroa, U',

Martines, J.,

and

Morales, O' (2007)

Evaluation

of

boron mobility on the phases FeB, FezB, and diffusion zone

in AISI

1045 and

M2

steel, APPlied Surface Science 253, 3469-3 47 5

Kedam, M., and Chentouf, SM (2005)'

A

diffusion model

for

describing the

bilayer growth FeB/FezB during the

iron

powder Pack boriding, APPlied Surface Science 252, 393-399

Bejar,

MA.,

and Moreno,

E

(2006)' Abrasive wear resistance of boronized

carbon and

low

alloy steel' Jurnal

of

Material Processing Tecknologi, 173,

3s2-3s8

Dybkov, QOAT, Growth

of

boride

layer on the L3o/o cr steel surveys in a

mixture

of

amorPhous

boron

and

KBF+, J. Mater $ci,42,6614 - 6627

Ozdemira, O, Ustab, M Bindala, C and

Ucisikc,

H

(2006) Hard iron boride

(Fe2B)

on

99.9lwto/o

Pure

fuon,

Vacuum 80, 1391

-

1395

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boronized Cr-based steels, J Mater

Sci,4l,

759A-7596

7.

Genel, K. (2006). Boriding kinetics

of

H13 steel, Vacuum 80,451457

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Kedclam,

M.,

and Chegroune, R

(2010). A model for studYing the kinetics of the formation of Fe2B

boride layers at the

surface

of

a

graY cast fuon, APPlied Surface Science xxx (2010) xxx-xxx J.

4.

5.