AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER
THESIS
BY:
SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
This thesis is written by Siti Aisyah Putri was approved on April 24, 2015
By:
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION
The undersigned:
Name : Siti Aisyah Putri
Student ID number : 201010100311099
Program of Study : English Department
Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not
incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree
or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not
contain any materials previously publish or written by another person except where
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
“Allah does not charge a soul except (with that
within) its capacity…”
(Q.S Al Baqarah: 286)
Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. So when you
have finished [your duties], then stand up
[for worship].
(Q.S Al Insyirah: 6-7)
“I am a truly lucky
one when seeing my beloved
parents are happy in the world and hereafter.”
(Siti Aisyah Putri)
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis especially for:
My beloved father and mother,
AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER
ABSTRACT
Language is one of the many systems of signs which is used by people to communicate with others. English has a special role that is recognized in every country. As a part of language, style has significant meaning on written language, which is known as language style. Language style is a manner in which a speaker or writer conveys his thought through the language in relation to other people. It also has an exclusively function in advertisement. In this study, the writer tried to find out the kinds of language style used on the advertisement and the ways of language style convey the message to the readers. In conducting this study, the writer used qualitative research design because the data collected were in the form of words rather than numbers. The object of this study was the advertisements in English in
Kompas e-paper on June and August 2014, and there were 20 advertisements found.
The result of the study showed that the advertisements in English found in
Kompas e-paper used seven kinds of language style. Those were hard sell, soft sell, straightforward, demonstration, problem solution/problem avoidance, spokesperson and teasers. These seven kinds of language style used the different ways in conveying the message to the readers. Hard sell, it emphasizes the tangible product features and benefits to persuade the readers to create a rational product decision.
Soft sell, it presents the emotional message to touch the readers’ emotion. Straightforward, it conveys the brief information in a straightforward manner.
Demonstration, it focuses on how the usage of the product or what it can do for the
customer. Problem solution/problem avoidance, it presents the product or service as
the best solution toward the customers’ problems. Spokesperson, it uses celebrity we
like, created characters, experts, or someone “just like us” who believed to build the credibility of the product. Teasers, it does not identify the product or did not deliver enough information to arouse the readers’ curiosity.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In the name of Allah the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
First of all, the writer would like to give the most appreciation and the greatest
thanks belongs to Allah SWT, the lord of the universe and the thereafter. He guided
us with all His Mercy and Blessing given to the writer in finishing her thesis. Besides,
peace and blessing is upon to our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW who brought the
lightness from the darkness.
The writer would like to address her sincere gratitude to her beloved parents,
Muhammad Sipi and Sania for their great love, affection and tremendous motivation
so that the writer can finish this thesis. Then, the writer really thanks for the wonders
of their prayers because the writer believe that the blessing of parents are the blessing
of Allah SWT.
Besides, a special thanks to the writer's young beloved sister,
Husnul Chotimah for her prayers and valuable motivations which are very useful for
the writer. Then, the writer also thanks to Rahmad Ardiansyah as the writer’s beloved
young adopted brother. May Allah SWT always protect her beloved siblings.
The writer also would like to express her deepest gratitude to the individuals
for helping her to finish this thesis and for their contribution in the process of writing
1. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum as the writer’s first advisor and also Head of English
Department. A special thanks for his valuable guidance, wide knowledge,
encouragement, patient, advice, and suggestion which are very helpful in
finishing this thesis.
2. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum as the writer’s second advisor who has
guided the writer with her great correction, suggestion, and experience,
knowledge to improve the quality of this thesis.
3. All lecturers of English Department of FKIP UMM, who have given many
knowledge to the writer. Then, thanks for their guidance, instruction and help
during study at this university.
4. The writer’s beloved friends, Ade, Risma, Intan and Aan. Thanks for giving her
joyful days and beautiful togetherness. Besides, the writer really thanks for their
best motivation to finish this thesis.
5. The writer’s dear juniors, Iin and Sus. A special thanks for being really pleasant
juniors which always support and motivate her to finish this thesis.
6. The writer’s lovely classmates Ayu, Eka especially for Caca, Nila, Diah and
others at B Class of English department students of FKIP UMM 2010. Thanks for
their help and great motivation while conducting this thesis until finish it.
7. There are some people who have helped the writer during the process of
May Allah SWT, The Almighty and The Merciful, bless them all. The writer
realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestion and
2.3.1.9 Slice of Life ... 13
2.3.1.10 Spokesperson ... 13
2.3.1.11 Teasers ... 14
2.4 Meaning ... 14
2.5 Advertising ... 15
2.5.1 The Definition of Advertising ... 15
2.5.2 Types of Advertising ... 15
2.5.3 Functions of Advertising ... 17
2.6 Kompas E-Paper ... 18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Resign Design ... 20
3.2 Object of the Study ... 21
3.3 Research Instrument ... 22
3.4 Data Collection ... 23
3.5 Data Analysis ... 24
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Research Findings ... 25
4.1.1 The Kinds of Language Style Are Used in Advertisements in English Found in Kompas E-Paper ... 25
4.1.2 The Ways of Language Style Convey the Message to the Readers.. 27
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ... 48
5.2 Suggestion ... 50
REFERENCES ... 52
REFERENCES
Alcantara, Rebecca. D., & Espina, Felicidad. P. 2003. Technical Writing for Filipino
Students (2nd ed.).Makati City: Katha Publishing Co., Inc.
Andrew, Damon P.S., Pedersen, Paul. M., & McEvoy, Chad. D. 2011. Research
Methods and Design in Sport Management. USA.
Armour, Kathleen., & MacDonald, Doune. 2012. Research Methods in Physical
Education and Youth Sport. London.
Arnold, Lorin. Basden. 2015. Family Communication: Theory and Research
(1st ed.).Cram101 Textbook Reviews.
Coon, Dennis., & Mitterer, John O. 2010. Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to
Mind and Behavior (12th ed.).Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.
Deckert, Sharon. K., & Vickers, Caroline. H. 2011. An Introduction to
Sociolinguistics: Society and Identity. India: Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt
Ltd, Chennaip.
Devlin, Joseph. 2008. How to Speak and Write Correctly. USA: Arc Manor.
Fitriyah. 2008. Language Style in Newsweek Magazine Advertisement. Maulana
Malik Ibrahim, State Islamic University of Malang, Indonesia.
Fromkin, Victoria., Rodman, Robert., & Hyams, Nina. 2014. An Introduction to
Language (10th ed.).USA: Wadsworth.
Gardt, Andreas., & Huppauf Bernd. 2004. Globalization and the Future of German.
Germany: Wlater de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. 10785 Berlin.
Hudson, R.A. 2001. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics: Sociolinguistics
(2nd ed.).United Kingdom: University Press, Cambridge.
Kompas-VirtualNEWSPAPER. https://www.facebook.com/kompasfb/posts/6627262
23756489. Accessed on June 7, 2014.
Kachru, Braj. B., Kachru, Yamuna., & Nelson, Cecil. L. 2009. Malaysia: KHL
Printing Co. Sdn Bhd.
Kessler, Lauren., & McDonald Duncan. 2008. When Words Collide: A Media
Lunenburg, C. Lunenburg., & Irby, Beverly J. 2006. The Principalship: Vision to
Action. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2012. Advertising: Principle
and Practice (9th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2009. Advertising: Principle
and Practice (8th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Profil Pembaca Kompas. http://www.iklankoran.co.id/profilpembacakompas.html.
Accesed on June 10, 2014.
Syal, Pushpinder., & Jindal, D.V. 2007. An introduction to Linguistics: Language,
Grammar and Semantics (2nd ed.).New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private
Limited.
Stewart, Jr. Thomas W., & Nathan, Vailette. 2001. Language Files: Materials for an
Introduction to Language & Lingustics (8th ed.). Columbus: The Ohio State
University Press.
Talbot, Mary., Atkinson, Karen., & Atkinson, David. 2003. Language and Power in
the Modern World. Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Trehan, Mukesh., & Trehan, Ranju. 2010. Advertising and Sales Management. Delhi:
V.K. (India) Enterprises.
Verderber, Rudolph F., Verderber, Kathleen S., & Sellnow, Deanna D. 2010.
Communicate (13th ed.). Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.
Wells, William., Burnett, John., & Moriarty, Sandra. 2000. Advertising: Principles
1
Human being is a social creature who builds the relationship to each other from
social interaction. One of the ways to do the social interaction is by holding a
communication. Lunenburg (2006, p. 222) explains that communication can be
defined as the process of transmitting information and common understanding from
one person to another. To do this process, people need a tool which known as
language.
According to philosophy expressed in the myths and religions of many people,
Fromkin et al (2014, p. 1) states that language is the source of human life and power.
People use language to communicate their own thoughts, as well as the cultural
beliefs and practices of the communities of which they are a part of families, social
groups, and other associations. Besides, Crystal in Gardt et al (2004, p. 28) expresses
that language does not achieve a genuinely global status until it develops a special
role that is recognized in every country. In consequence, the language which has
2
English may not be the best choice, but it is the obvious choice, for it is an
international language. It is spoken by people throughout the world as their first
language, second language and foreign language. It is also a language which is
approved and understood by people everywhere. The notion of international language
can be understood as a language which is used in any international communication
which involves people from two or more countries.
In addition, Kachru et al (2009, p. 603) defines that English is the choice of
global advertisers and marketers. In other words, English has been well documented
to be the language which is the most frequently used in advertising. For many
journalists today, English is the main language used for newspaper, e-paper,
magazine, radio, television and the Internet. Therefore, most of advertisers prefer to
use English to make their advertisement more interesting rather than other languages.
For instance, in Indonesia, many advertisers want to promote their product not only
for Indonesian citizens but also for foreigners. In brief, the advertisers are ready to
introduce their product not only in domestic but also overseas.
Basically, language such as English has its own style. Style is the writer’s way
to use the words and phrases to add personality to his writing. As a part of language,
style has significant meaning on written language, which is known as language style.
It expresses a man’s personality and also reflects his background. Language style also
has an exclusively function in advertisement. It is used to promote a certain product
3
Related to the previous research which discusses the language styles in
advertisements, Fitriyah (2008) investigated about Language Style in Newsweek
Magazine Advertisement on February 11st, 18th, 25th 2008. She found that there
were six kinds of language style. Those were (1) soft sell style, (2) hard sell style,
(3) straightforward style, (4) problem solution style, (5) comparison style, and
(6) newsy style. In addition, the most dominant of language style found in Newsweek
magazine advertisement was hard sell style. In conclusion, the advertisements of
Newsweek magazine prefer rational information rather than emotional information,
although in some case both of them come together.
Additionally, advertisement is an important means to influence the target
audiences through mass media. The purpose of the advertisement is to persuade
people in order to be interested in product or service offered by the advertiser. In the
modern world, most of advertisers are willing to spend big money to promote their
products or services.Many advertisements are designed not to promote new products,
but to sell existing ones. However, advertisement is a strong part of our cultures,
institutions and businesses. Hence, most media could hardly exist without
advertisement.
According to Talbot et al (2003, p. 11) everyday language is transient but media
language is forever. Media is the channels of communication that bring the message
from the advertiser to the audience. Advertisement happens in many different media.
It appears on television, radio, magazine, newspaper, e-paper and the Internet. One of
4
Moreover, e-paper also has more readers compared with the readers in
newspaper. In this case, it can reach the readers around the world by accessing the
Internet while newspapers are limited to certain areas and segmentation. As a final
point, the writer tried to study the language style of the advertisement in e-paper. In
this study, the writer used Kompas e-paper. There are so many e-papers in Indonesia,
but Kompas e-paper is the first e-paper in Indonesia which has the largest readers.
Kompas e-paper was first published on July 1st, 2009.
Since Kompas e-paper was first introduced, it became very popular both
the readers in Indonesia, as well as the readers are domiciled in abroad. Based on
article in Profil Pembaca Kompas, the last survey showed most of the readers come
from the upper middle class which can be seen from their financial condition and
educational background. Besides, there are more than 60 percent of the readers which
have higher education at a university.
Therefore, the mass media have a clear target readers and a large amount of lint
that are certainly very important for business people as well as the company to make
their products are closer to general public. In this regard, Kompas e-paper is an
effective media to promote products or services. Although it is written in Bahasa,
it also has some of the advertisements in English.
Furthermore, the advantages are given by Kompas e-paper to the advertisers are
so useful due to be able to reach out the readers in the entire of the world and their
advertisement will be long lasting to be seen by many people. It also can be accessed
5
1. What kinds of language style are used in advertisements in English found in
Kompas e-paper?
2. How do the language styles convey the message to the readers?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1. to know the kinds of language style are used in advertisements in English
used found in Kompas e-paper.
2. to know the ways of language styles convey the message to the readers.
1.4 Significance of the Study
By conducting this study, the writer expects that the findings will be useful to
enlarge our knowledge about many kinds language style which are used in
advertisement in English in e-paper. Additionally, the writer tries to make the readers
become an open-minded in seeing the phenomenon of language style usage in
6
Practically, the results of the study are expected to provide useful information
for the following readers:
1) The English department students can increase their knowledge about
sociolinguistics study especially for the kinds of language style which are used in
advertisement in English. Besides, they will be more creative to use language.
Hopefully, their English will improve.
2) For other researchers, it can be used as references for the following related
analyses.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study is focused on the kinds of language style used in advertisements.
The advertisements are taken from Kompas e-paper which are published on June and
August 2014.
The advertisements in Kompas e-paper consists of two languages. There are
the advertisement in Indonesia and English. In this study, the writer limits on the
advertisements in English.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation about the basic
concepts used in this research, the researcher would like to give some definitions of
7
Language Style is the writer’s unique vision and the lively, original expression
of that vision that draws audience attention to the message
(Kessler et al., 2008, p. 153).
Advertisement is paid non-personal communication from an identified sponsor
using mass media to persuade or influence an audience
(Wells et al., 2000, p. 6).
Kompas e-paper is a digital version of the famous Kompas newspaper
AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER
THESIS
BY:
SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
This thesis is written by Siti Aisyah Putri was approved on April 24, 2015
By:
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION
The undersigned:
Name : Siti Aisyah Putri
Student ID number : 201010100311099
Program of Study : English Department
Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not
incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree
or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not
contain any materials previously publish or written by another person except where
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
“Allah does not charge a soul except (with that
within) its capacity…”
(Q.S Al Baqarah: 286)
Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. So when you
have finished [your duties], then stand up
[for worship].
(Q.S Al Insyirah: 6-7)
“I am a truly lucky
one when seeing my beloved
parents are happy in the world and hereafter.”
(Siti Aisyah Putri)
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis especially for:
My beloved father and mother,
AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER
ABSTRACT
Language is one of the many systems of signs which is used by people to communicate with others. English has a special role that is recognized in every country. As a part of language, style has significant meaning on written language, which is known as language style. Language style is a manner in which a speaker or writer conveys his thought through the language in relation to other people. It also has an exclusively function in advertisement. In this study, the writer tried to find out the kinds of language style used on the advertisement and the ways of language style convey the message to the readers. In conducting this study, the writer used qualitative research design because the data collected were in the form of words rather than numbers. The object of this study was the advertisements in English in
Kompas e-paper on June and August 2014, and there were 20 advertisements found.
The result of the study showed that the advertisements in English found in
Kompas e-paper used seven kinds of language style. Those were hard sell, soft sell, straightforward, demonstration, problem solution/problem avoidance, spokesperson and teasers. These seven kinds of language style used the different ways in conveying the message to the readers. Hard sell, it emphasizes the tangible product features and benefits to persuade the readers to create a rational product decision.
Soft sell, it presents the emotional message to touch the readers’ emotion. Straightforward, it conveys the brief information in a straightforward manner.
Demonstration, it focuses on how the usage of the product or what it can do for the
customer. Problem solution/problem avoidance, it presents the product or service as
the best solution toward the customers’ problems. Spokesperson, it uses celebrity we
like, created characters, experts, or someone “just like us” who believed to build the credibility of the product. Teasers, it does not identify the product or did not deliver enough information to arouse the readers’ curiosity.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In the name of Allah the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
First of all, the writer would like to give the most appreciation and the greatest
thanks belongs to Allah SWT, the lord of the universe and the thereafter. He guided
us with all His Mercy and Blessing given to the writer in finishing her thesis. Besides,
peace and blessing is upon to our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW who brought the
lightness from the darkness.
The writer would like to address her sincere gratitude to her beloved parents,
Muhammad Sipi and Sania for their great love, affection and tremendous motivation
so that the writer can finish this thesis. Then, the writer really thanks for the wonders
of their prayers because the writer believe that the blessing of parents are the blessing
of Allah SWT.
Besides, a special thanks to the writer's young beloved sister,
Husnul Chotimah for her prayers and valuable motivations which are very useful for
the writer. Then, the writer also thanks to Rahmad Ardiansyah as the writer’s beloved
young adopted brother. May Allah SWT always protect her beloved siblings.
The writer also would like to express her deepest gratitude to the individuals
for helping her to finish this thesis and for their contribution in the process of writing
1. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum as the writer’s first advisor and also Head of English
Department. A special thanks for his valuable guidance, wide knowledge,
encouragement, patient, advice, and suggestion which are very helpful in
finishing this thesis.
2. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum as the writer’s second advisor who has
guided the writer with her great correction, suggestion, and experience,
knowledge to improve the quality of this thesis.
3. All lecturers of English Department of FKIP UMM, who have given many
knowledge to the writer. Then, thanks for their guidance, instruction and help
during study at this university.
4. The writer’s beloved friends, Ade, Risma, Intan and Aan. Thanks for giving her
joyful days and beautiful togetherness. Besides, the writer really thanks for their
best motivation to finish this thesis.
5. The writer’s dear juniors, Iin and Sus. A special thanks for being really pleasant
juniors which always support and motivate her to finish this thesis.
6. The writer’s lovely classmates Ayu, Eka especially for Caca, Nila, Diah and
others at B Class of English department students of FKIP UMM 2010. Thanks for
their help and great motivation while conducting this thesis until finish it.
7. There are some people who have helped the writer during the process of
May Allah SWT, The Almighty and The Merciful, bless them all. The writer
realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestion and
2.3.1.9 Slice of Life ... 13
2.3.1.10 Spokesperson ... 13
2.3.1.11 Teasers ... 14
2.4 Meaning ... 14
2.5 Advertising ... 15
2.5.1 The Definition of Advertising ... 15
2.5.2 Types of Advertising ... 15
2.5.3 Functions of Advertising ... 17
2.6 Kompas E-Paper ... 18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Resign Design ... 20
3.2 Object of the Study ... 21
3.3 Research Instrument ... 22
3.4 Data Collection ... 23
3.5 Data Analysis ... 24
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Research Findings ... 25
4.1.1 The Kinds of Language Style Are Used in Advertisements in English Found in Kompas E-Paper ... 25
4.1.2 The Ways of Language Style Convey the Message to the Readers.. 27
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ... 48
5.2 Suggestion ... 50
REFERENCES ... 52
REFERENCES
Alcantara, Rebecca. D., & Espina, Felicidad. P. 2003. Technical Writing for Filipino
Students (2nd ed.).Makati City: Katha Publishing Co., Inc.
Andrew, Damon P.S., Pedersen, Paul. M., & McEvoy, Chad. D. 2011. Research
Methods and Design in Sport Management. USA.
Armour, Kathleen., & MacDonald, Doune. 2012. Research Methods in Physical
Education and Youth Sport. London.
Arnold, Lorin. Basden. 2015. Family Communication: Theory and Research
(1st ed.).Cram101 Textbook Reviews.
Coon, Dennis., & Mitterer, John O. 2010. Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to
Mind and Behavior (12th ed.).Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.
Deckert, Sharon. K., & Vickers, Caroline. H. 2011. An Introduction to
Sociolinguistics: Society and Identity. India: Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt
Ltd, Chennaip.
Devlin, Joseph. 2008. How to Speak and Write Correctly. USA: Arc Manor.
Fitriyah. 2008. Language Style in Newsweek Magazine Advertisement. Maulana
Malik Ibrahim, State Islamic University of Malang, Indonesia.
Fromkin, Victoria., Rodman, Robert., & Hyams, Nina. 2014. An Introduction to
Language (10th ed.).USA: Wadsworth.
Gardt, Andreas., & Huppauf Bernd. 2004. Globalization and the Future of German.
Germany: Wlater de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. 10785 Berlin.
Hudson, R.A. 2001. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics: Sociolinguistics
(2nd ed.).United Kingdom: University Press, Cambridge.
Kompas-VirtualNEWSPAPER. https://www.facebook.com/kompasfb/posts/6627262
23756489. Accessed on June 7, 2014.
Kachru, Braj. B., Kachru, Yamuna., & Nelson, Cecil. L. 2009. Malaysia: KHL
Printing Co. Sdn Bhd.
Kessler, Lauren., & McDonald Duncan. 2008. When Words Collide: A Media
Lunenburg, C. Lunenburg., & Irby, Beverly J. 2006. The Principalship: Vision to
Action. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2012. Advertising: Principle
and Practice (9th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2009. Advertising: Principle
and Practice (8th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Profil Pembaca Kompas. http://www.iklankoran.co.id/profilpembacakompas.html.
Accesed on June 10, 2014.
Syal, Pushpinder., & Jindal, D.V. 2007. An introduction to Linguistics: Language,
Grammar and Semantics (2nd ed.).New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private
Limited.
Stewart, Jr. Thomas W., & Nathan, Vailette. 2001. Language Files: Materials for an
Introduction to Language & Lingustics (8th ed.). Columbus: The Ohio State
University Press.
Talbot, Mary., Atkinson, Karen., & Atkinson, David. 2003. Language and Power in
the Modern World. Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Trehan, Mukesh., & Trehan, Ranju. 2010. Advertising and Sales Management. Delhi:
V.K. (India) Enterprises.
Verderber, Rudolph F., Verderber, Kathleen S., & Sellnow, Deanna D. 2010.
Communicate (13th ed.). Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.
Wells, William., Burnett, John., & Moriarty, Sandra. 2000. Advertising: Principles