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AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER

THESIS

BY:

SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

(2)

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

BY:

SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

(3)

This thesis is written by Siti Aisyah Putri was approved on April 24, 2015

By:

(4)

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

(5)

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION

The undersigned:

Name : Siti Aisyah Putri

Student ID number : 201010100311099

Program of Study : English Department

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not

incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree

or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not

contain any materials previously publish or written by another person except where

(6)

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO:

“Allah does not charge a soul except (with that

within) its capacity…”

(Q.S Al Baqarah: 286)

Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. So when you

have finished [your duties], then stand up

[for worship].

(Q.S Al Insyirah: 6-7)

“I am a truly lucky

one when seeing my beloved

parents are happy in the world and hereafter.”

(Siti Aisyah Putri)

DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis especially for:

My beloved father and mother,

(7)

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER

ABSTRACT

Language is one of the many systems of signs which is used by people to communicate with others. English has a special role that is recognized in every country. As a part of language, style has significant meaning on written language, which is known as language style. Language style is a manner in which a speaker or writer conveys his thought through the language in relation to other people. It also has an exclusively function in advertisement. In this study, the writer tried to find out the kinds of language style used on the advertisement and the ways of language style convey the message to the readers. In conducting this study, the writer used qualitative research design because the data collected were in the form of words rather than numbers. The object of this study was the advertisements in English in

Kompas e-paper on June and August 2014, and there were 20 advertisements found.

The result of the study showed that the advertisements in English found in

Kompas e-paper used seven kinds of language style. Those were hard sell, soft sell, straightforward, demonstration, problem solution/problem avoidance, spokesperson and teasers. These seven kinds of language style used the different ways in conveying the message to the readers. Hard sell, it emphasizes the tangible product features and benefits to persuade the readers to create a rational product decision.

Soft sell, it presents the emotional message to touch the readers’ emotion. Straightforward, it conveys the brief information in a straightforward manner.

Demonstration, it focuses on how the usage of the product or what it can do for the

customer. Problem solution/problem avoidance, it presents the product or service as

the best solution toward the customers’ problems. Spokesperson, it uses celebrity we

like, created characters, experts, or someone “just like us” who believed to build the credibility of the product. Teasers, it does not identify the product or did not deliver enough information to arouse the readers’ curiosity.

(8)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In the name of Allah the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

First of all, the writer would like to give the most appreciation and the greatest

thanks belongs to Allah SWT, the lord of the universe and the thereafter. He guided

us with all His Mercy and Blessing given to the writer in finishing her thesis. Besides,

peace and blessing is upon to our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW who brought the

lightness from the darkness.

The writer would like to address her sincere gratitude to her beloved parents,

Muhammad Sipi and Sania for their great love, affection and tremendous motivation

so that the writer can finish this thesis. Then, the writer really thanks for the wonders

of their prayers because the writer believe that the blessing of parents are the blessing

of Allah SWT.

Besides, a special thanks to the writer's young beloved sister,

Husnul Chotimah for her prayers and valuable motivations which are very useful for

the writer. Then, the writer also thanks to Rahmad Ardiansyah as the writer’s beloved

young adopted brother. May Allah SWT always protect her beloved siblings.

The writer also would like to express her deepest gratitude to the individuals

for helping her to finish this thesis and for their contribution in the process of writing

(9)

1. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum as the writer’s first advisor and also Head of English

Department. A special thanks for his valuable guidance, wide knowledge,

encouragement, patient, advice, and suggestion which are very helpful in

finishing this thesis.

2. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum as the writer’s second advisor who has

guided the writer with her great correction, suggestion, and experience,

knowledge to improve the quality of this thesis.

3. All lecturers of English Department of FKIP UMM, who have given many

knowledge to the writer. Then, thanks for their guidance, instruction and help

during study at this university.

4. The writer’s beloved friends, Ade, Risma, Intan and Aan. Thanks for giving her

joyful days and beautiful togetherness. Besides, the writer really thanks for their

best motivation to finish this thesis.

5. The writer’s dear juniors, Iin and Sus. A special thanks for being really pleasant

juniors which always support and motivate her to finish this thesis.

6. The writer’s lovely classmates Ayu, Eka especially for Caca, Nila, Diah and

others at B Class of English department students of FKIP UMM 2010. Thanks for

their help and great motivation while conducting this thesis until finish it.

7. There are some people who have helped the writer during the process of

(10)

May Allah SWT, The Almighty and The Merciful, bless them all. The writer

realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestion and

(11)
(12)

2.3.1.9 Slice of Life ... 13

2.3.1.10 Spokesperson ... 13

2.3.1.11 Teasers ... 14

2.4 Meaning ... 14

2.5 Advertising ... 15

2.5.1 The Definition of Advertising ... 15

2.5.2 Types of Advertising ... 15

2.5.3 Functions of Advertising ... 17

2.6 Kompas E-Paper ... 18

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Resign Design ... 20

3.2 Object of the Study ... 21

3.3 Research Instrument ... 22

3.4 Data Collection ... 23

3.5 Data Analysis ... 24

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Research Findings ... 25

4.1.1 The Kinds of Language Style Are Used in Advertisements in English Found in Kompas E-Paper ... 25

4.1.2 The Ways of Language Style Convey the Message to the Readers.. 27

(13)

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ... 48

5.2 Suggestion ... 50

REFERENCES ... 52

(14)

REFERENCES

Alcantara, Rebecca. D., & Espina, Felicidad. P. 2003. Technical Writing for Filipino

Students (2nd ed.).Makati City: Katha Publishing Co., Inc.

Andrew, Damon P.S., Pedersen, Paul. M., & McEvoy, Chad. D. 2011. Research

Methods and Design in Sport Management. USA.

Armour, Kathleen., & MacDonald, Doune. 2012. Research Methods in Physical

Education and Youth Sport. London.

Arnold, Lorin. Basden. 2015. Family Communication: Theory and Research

(1st ed.).Cram101 Textbook Reviews.

(15)

Coon, Dennis., & Mitterer, John O. 2010. Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to

Mind and Behavior (12th ed.).Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.

Deckert, Sharon. K., & Vickers, Caroline. H. 2011. An Introduction to

Sociolinguistics: Society and Identity. India: Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt

Ltd, Chennaip.

Devlin, Joseph. 2008. How to Speak and Write Correctly. USA: Arc Manor.

Fitriyah. 2008. Language Style in Newsweek Magazine Advertisement. Maulana

Malik Ibrahim, State Islamic University of Malang, Indonesia.

Fromkin, Victoria., Rodman, Robert., & Hyams, Nina. 2014. An Introduction to

Language (10th ed.).USA: Wadsworth.

Gardt, Andreas., & Huppauf Bernd. 2004. Globalization and the Future of German.

Germany: Wlater de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. 10785 Berlin.

Hudson, R.A. 2001. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics: Sociolinguistics

(2nd ed.).United Kingdom: University Press, Cambridge.

Kompas-VirtualNEWSPAPER. https://www.facebook.com/kompasfb/posts/6627262

23756489. Accessed on June 7, 2014.

Kachru, Braj. B., Kachru, Yamuna., & Nelson, Cecil. L. 2009. Malaysia: KHL

Printing Co. Sdn Bhd.

Kessler, Lauren., & McDonald Duncan. 2008. When Words Collide: A Media

(16)

Lunenburg, C. Lunenburg., & Irby, Beverly J. 2006. The Principalship: Vision to

Action. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2012. Advertising: Principle

and Practice (9th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2009. Advertising: Principle

and Practice (8th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Profil Pembaca Kompas. http://www.iklankoran.co.id/profilpembacakompas.html.

Accesed on June 10, 2014.

Syal, Pushpinder., & Jindal, D.V. 2007. An introduction to Linguistics: Language,

Grammar and Semantics (2nd ed.).New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private

Limited.

Stewart, Jr. Thomas W., & Nathan, Vailette. 2001. Language Files: Materials for an

Introduction to Language & Lingustics (8th ed.). Columbus: The Ohio State

University Press.

Talbot, Mary., Atkinson, Karen., & Atkinson, David. 2003. Language and Power in

the Modern World. Edinburgh University Press Ltd.

Trehan, Mukesh., & Trehan, Ranju. 2010. Advertising and Sales Management. Delhi:

V.K. (India) Enterprises.

Verderber, Rudolph F., Verderber, Kathleen S., & Sellnow, Deanna D. 2010.

Communicate (13th ed.). Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.

Wells, William., Burnett, John., & Moriarty, Sandra. 2000. Advertising: Principles

(17)

1

Human being is a social creature who builds the relationship to each other from

social interaction. One of the ways to do the social interaction is by holding a

communication. Lunenburg (2006, p. 222) explains that communication can be

defined as the process of transmitting information and common understanding from

one person to another. To do this process, people need a tool which known as

language.

According to philosophy expressed in the myths and religions of many people,

Fromkin et al (2014, p. 1) states that language is the source of human life and power.

People use language to communicate their own thoughts, as well as the cultural

beliefs and practices of the communities of which they are a part of families, social

groups, and other associations. Besides, Crystal in Gardt et al (2004, p. 28) expresses

that language does not achieve a genuinely global status until it develops a special

role that is recognized in every country. In consequence, the language which has

(18)

2

English may not be the best choice, but it is the obvious choice, for it is an

international language. It is spoken by people throughout the world as their first

language, second language and foreign language. It is also a language which is

approved and understood by people everywhere. The notion of international language

can be understood as a language which is used in any international communication

which involves people from two or more countries.

In addition, Kachru et al (2009, p. 603) defines that English is the choice of

global advertisers and marketers. In other words, English has been well documented

to be the language which is the most frequently used in advertising. For many

journalists today, English is the main language used for newspaper, e-paper,

magazine, radio, television and the Internet. Therefore, most of advertisers prefer to

use English to make their advertisement more interesting rather than other languages.

For instance, in Indonesia, many advertisers want to promote their product not only

for Indonesian citizens but also for foreigners. In brief, the advertisers are ready to

introduce their product not only in domestic but also overseas.

Basically, language such as English has its own style. Style is the writer’s way

to use the words and phrases to add personality to his writing. As a part of language,

style has significant meaning on written language, which is known as language style.

It expresses a man’s personality and also reflects his background. Language style also

has an exclusively function in advertisement. It is used to promote a certain product

(19)

3

Related to the previous research which discusses the language styles in

advertisements, Fitriyah (2008) investigated about Language Style in Newsweek

Magazine Advertisement on February 11st, 18th, 25th 2008. She found that there

were six kinds of language style. Those were (1) soft sell style, (2) hard sell style,

(3) straightforward style, (4) problem solution style, (5) comparison style, and

(6) newsy style. In addition, the most dominant of language style found in Newsweek

magazine advertisement was hard sell style. In conclusion, the advertisements of

Newsweek magazine prefer rational information rather than emotional information,

although in some case both of them come together.

Additionally, advertisement is an important means to influence the target

audiences through mass media. The purpose of the advertisement is to persuade

people in order to be interested in product or service offered by the advertiser. In the

modern world, most of advertisers are willing to spend big money to promote their

products or services.Many advertisements are designed not to promote new products,

but to sell existing ones. However, advertisement is a strong part of our cultures,

institutions and businesses. Hence, most media could hardly exist without

advertisement.

According to Talbot et al (2003, p. 11) everyday language is transient but media

language is forever. Media is the channels of communication that bring the message

from the advertiser to the audience. Advertisement happens in many different media.

It appears on television, radio, magazine, newspaper, e-paper and the Internet. One of

(20)

4

Moreover, e-paper also has more readers compared with the readers in

newspaper. In this case, it can reach the readers around the world by accessing the

Internet while newspapers are limited to certain areas and segmentation. As a final

point, the writer tried to study the language style of the advertisement in e-paper. In

this study, the writer used Kompas e-paper. There are so many e-papers in Indonesia,

but Kompas e-paper is the first e-paper in Indonesia which has the largest readers.

Kompas e-paper was first published on July 1st, 2009.

Since Kompas e-paper was first introduced, it became very popular both

the readers in Indonesia, as well as the readers are domiciled in abroad. Based on

article in Profil Pembaca Kompas, the last survey showed most of the readers come

from the upper middle class which can be seen from their financial condition and

educational background. Besides, there are more than 60 percent of the readers which

have higher education at a university.

Therefore, the mass media have a clear target readers and a large amount of lint

that are certainly very important for business people as well as the company to make

their products are closer to general public. In this regard, Kompas e-paper is an

effective media to promote products or services. Although it is written in Bahasa,

it also has some of the advertisements in English.

Furthermore, the advantages are given by Kompas e-paper to the advertisers are

so useful due to be able to reach out the readers in the entire of the world and their

advertisement will be long lasting to be seen by many people. It also can be accessed

(21)

5

1. What kinds of language style are used in advertisements in English found in

Kompas e-paper?

2. How do the language styles convey the message to the readers?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

1. to know the kinds of language style are used in advertisements in English

used found in Kompas e-paper.

2. to know the ways of language styles convey the message to the readers.

1.4 Significance of the Study

By conducting this study, the writer expects that the findings will be useful to

enlarge our knowledge about many kinds language style which are used in

advertisement in English in e-paper. Additionally, the writer tries to make the readers

become an open-minded in seeing the phenomenon of language style usage in

(22)

6

Practically, the results of the study are expected to provide useful information

for the following readers:

1) The English department students can increase their knowledge about

sociolinguistics study especially for the kinds of language style which are used in

advertisement in English. Besides, they will be more creative to use language.

Hopefully, their English will improve.

2) For other researchers, it can be used as references for the following related

analyses.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

This study is focused on the kinds of language style used in advertisements.

The advertisements are taken from Kompas e-paper which are published on June and

August 2014.

The advertisements in Kompas e-paper consists of two languages. There are

the advertisement in Indonesia and English. In this study, the writer limits on the

advertisements in English.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation about the basic

concepts used in this research, the researcher would like to give some definitions of

(23)

7

Language Style is the writer’s unique vision and the lively, original expression

of that vision that draws audience attention to the message

(Kessler et al., 2008, p. 153).

Advertisement is paid non-personal communication from an identified sponsor

using mass media to persuade or influence an audience

(Wells et al., 2000, p. 6).

Kompas e-paper is a digital version of the famous Kompas newspaper

(24)

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER

THESIS

BY:

SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

(25)

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

BY:

SITI AISYAH PUTRI 201010100311099

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

(26)

This thesis is written by Siti Aisyah Putri was approved on April 24, 2015

By:

(27)

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

(28)

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION

The undersigned:

Name : Siti Aisyah Putri

Student ID number : 201010100311099

Program of Study : English Department

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not

incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree

or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not

contain any materials previously publish or written by another person except where

(29)

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO:

“Allah does not charge a soul except (with that

within) its capacity…”

(Q.S Al Baqarah: 286)

Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. So when you

have finished [your duties], then stand up

[for worship].

(Q.S Al Insyirah: 6-7)

“I am a truly lucky

one when seeing my beloved

parents are happy in the world and hereafter.”

(Siti Aisyah Putri)

DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis especially for:

My beloved father and mother,

(30)

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE USED IN ADVERTISEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOUND IN KOMPAS E-PAPER

ABSTRACT

Language is one of the many systems of signs which is used by people to communicate with others. English has a special role that is recognized in every country. As a part of language, style has significant meaning on written language, which is known as language style. Language style is a manner in which a speaker or writer conveys his thought through the language in relation to other people. It also has an exclusively function in advertisement. In this study, the writer tried to find out the kinds of language style used on the advertisement and the ways of language style convey the message to the readers. In conducting this study, the writer used qualitative research design because the data collected were in the form of words rather than numbers. The object of this study was the advertisements in English in

Kompas e-paper on June and August 2014, and there were 20 advertisements found.

The result of the study showed that the advertisements in English found in

Kompas e-paper used seven kinds of language style. Those were hard sell, soft sell, straightforward, demonstration, problem solution/problem avoidance, spokesperson and teasers. These seven kinds of language style used the different ways in conveying the message to the readers. Hard sell, it emphasizes the tangible product features and benefits to persuade the readers to create a rational product decision.

Soft sell, it presents the emotional message to touch the readers’ emotion. Straightforward, it conveys the brief information in a straightforward manner.

Demonstration, it focuses on how the usage of the product or what it can do for the

customer. Problem solution/problem avoidance, it presents the product or service as

the best solution toward the customers’ problems. Spokesperson, it uses celebrity we

like, created characters, experts, or someone “just like us” who believed to build the credibility of the product. Teasers, it does not identify the product or did not deliver enough information to arouse the readers’ curiosity.

(31)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In the name of Allah the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

First of all, the writer would like to give the most appreciation and the greatest

thanks belongs to Allah SWT, the lord of the universe and the thereafter. He guided

us with all His Mercy and Blessing given to the writer in finishing her thesis. Besides,

peace and blessing is upon to our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW who brought the

lightness from the darkness.

The writer would like to address her sincere gratitude to her beloved parents,

Muhammad Sipi and Sania for their great love, affection and tremendous motivation

so that the writer can finish this thesis. Then, the writer really thanks for the wonders

of their prayers because the writer believe that the blessing of parents are the blessing

of Allah SWT.

Besides, a special thanks to the writer's young beloved sister,

Husnul Chotimah for her prayers and valuable motivations which are very useful for

the writer. Then, the writer also thanks to Rahmad Ardiansyah as the writer’s beloved

young adopted brother. May Allah SWT always protect her beloved siblings.

The writer also would like to express her deepest gratitude to the individuals

for helping her to finish this thesis and for their contribution in the process of writing

(32)

1. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum as the writer’s first advisor and also Head of English

Department. A special thanks for his valuable guidance, wide knowledge,

encouragement, patient, advice, and suggestion which are very helpful in

finishing this thesis.

2. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum as the writer’s second advisor who has

guided the writer with her great correction, suggestion, and experience,

knowledge to improve the quality of this thesis.

3. All lecturers of English Department of FKIP UMM, who have given many

knowledge to the writer. Then, thanks for their guidance, instruction and help

during study at this university.

4. The writer’s beloved friends, Ade, Risma, Intan and Aan. Thanks for giving her

joyful days and beautiful togetherness. Besides, the writer really thanks for their

best motivation to finish this thesis.

5. The writer’s dear juniors, Iin and Sus. A special thanks for being really pleasant

juniors which always support and motivate her to finish this thesis.

6. The writer’s lovely classmates Ayu, Eka especially for Caca, Nila, Diah and

others at B Class of English department students of FKIP UMM 2010. Thanks for

their help and great motivation while conducting this thesis until finish it.

7. There are some people who have helped the writer during the process of

(33)

May Allah SWT, The Almighty and The Merciful, bless them all. The writer

realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestion and

(34)
(35)

2.3.1.9 Slice of Life ... 13

2.3.1.10 Spokesperson ... 13

2.3.1.11 Teasers ... 14

2.4 Meaning ... 14

2.5 Advertising ... 15

2.5.1 The Definition of Advertising ... 15

2.5.2 Types of Advertising ... 15

2.5.3 Functions of Advertising ... 17

2.6 Kompas E-Paper ... 18

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Resign Design ... 20

3.2 Object of the Study ... 21

3.3 Research Instrument ... 22

3.4 Data Collection ... 23

3.5 Data Analysis ... 24

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Research Findings ... 25

4.1.1 The Kinds of Language Style Are Used in Advertisements in English Found in Kompas E-Paper ... 25

4.1.2 The Ways of Language Style Convey the Message to the Readers.. 27

(36)

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ... 48

5.2 Suggestion ... 50

REFERENCES ... 52

(37)

REFERENCES

Alcantara, Rebecca. D., & Espina, Felicidad. P. 2003. Technical Writing for Filipino

Students (2nd ed.).Makati City: Katha Publishing Co., Inc.

Andrew, Damon P.S., Pedersen, Paul. M., & McEvoy, Chad. D. 2011. Research

Methods and Design in Sport Management. USA.

Armour, Kathleen., & MacDonald, Doune. 2012. Research Methods in Physical

Education and Youth Sport. London.

Arnold, Lorin. Basden. 2015. Family Communication: Theory and Research

(1st ed.).Cram101 Textbook Reviews.

(38)

Coon, Dennis., & Mitterer, John O. 2010. Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to

Mind and Behavior (12th ed.).Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.

Deckert, Sharon. K., & Vickers, Caroline. H. 2011. An Introduction to

Sociolinguistics: Society and Identity. India: Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt

Ltd, Chennaip.

Devlin, Joseph. 2008. How to Speak and Write Correctly. USA: Arc Manor.

Fitriyah. 2008. Language Style in Newsweek Magazine Advertisement. Maulana

Malik Ibrahim, State Islamic University of Malang, Indonesia.

Fromkin, Victoria., Rodman, Robert., & Hyams, Nina. 2014. An Introduction to

Language (10th ed.).USA: Wadsworth.

Gardt, Andreas., & Huppauf Bernd. 2004. Globalization and the Future of German.

Germany: Wlater de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. 10785 Berlin.

Hudson, R.A. 2001. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics: Sociolinguistics

(2nd ed.).United Kingdom: University Press, Cambridge.

Kompas-VirtualNEWSPAPER. https://www.facebook.com/kompasfb/posts/6627262

23756489. Accessed on June 7, 2014.

Kachru, Braj. B., Kachru, Yamuna., & Nelson, Cecil. L. 2009. Malaysia: KHL

Printing Co. Sdn Bhd.

Kessler, Lauren., & McDonald Duncan. 2008. When Words Collide: A Media

(39)

Lunenburg, C. Lunenburg., & Irby, Beverly J. 2006. The Principalship: Vision to

Action. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2012. Advertising: Principle

and Practice (9th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Moriarty, Sandra., Mitchell, Nancy., & Well, William. 2009. Advertising: Principle

and Practice (8th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Profil Pembaca Kompas. http://www.iklankoran.co.id/profilpembacakompas.html.

Accesed on June 10, 2014.

Syal, Pushpinder., & Jindal, D.V. 2007. An introduction to Linguistics: Language,

Grammar and Semantics (2nd ed.).New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private

Limited.

Stewart, Jr. Thomas W., & Nathan, Vailette. 2001. Language Files: Materials for an

Introduction to Language & Lingustics (8th ed.). Columbus: The Ohio State

University Press.

Talbot, Mary., Atkinson, Karen., & Atkinson, David. 2003. Language and Power in

the Modern World. Edinburgh University Press Ltd.

Trehan, Mukesh., & Trehan, Ranju. 2010. Advertising and Sales Management. Delhi:

V.K. (India) Enterprises.

Verderber, Rudolph F., Verderber, Kathleen S., & Sellnow, Deanna D. 2010.

Communicate (13th ed.). Canada: Nelson Education, Ltd.

Wells, William., Burnett, John., & Moriarty, Sandra. 2000. Advertising: Principles

Referensi

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