APPENDICES
ALEXANDRE DUMAS
Alexandre Dumas was born on July, 1802 in Villers-Cotterets, some fifty
miles north-east of paris. He adopted the last name "Dumas" from his
grandmother, a former Haitian slave. In 1822, Dumas moved to Paris and
immersed himself in literature. He worked as a scribe for the ducd'Orléans (later
named King Louis Philippe) during the 1830 revolution. He began writing plays,
both comedies and dramas. Dumas was a prolific writer of essays, short stories
and novels, as well as plays and travelogues.
The best known of his worked and he wrote are the first volume (The
Chevalier of Maison-Rouge in 1845)Les The Three Musketeers (published 1844),
a romance about four swashbuckling heroes in the age of Cardinal Richelieu;
(1844-BIBLIOGRAPHY
Allen, W.Stannard. 1974. Living English Structure. London: Longman Group.
Cyssco, Dhanny R.2008. Comprehensive English Grammar Preparation For Toefl. Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.
Huddlestone, Rodney. 1995. Introduction to the Grammar of English. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Junaida, Suryadi. 2007. Complete English Grammar. Pustaka Pelajar.
Kathryn, Riley. 1998. English Grammar. Duluth: University of Minnesota.
Lingga, Hotben and Utomo, Lim, Ali.2007. Intisari Tata Bahasa Inggris Kontemporer. Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.
Mahsun. 1995. Dialektologi Diakronis: sebuah pengantar. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Manurung, Heldin. 2007. Simplified English Grammar. Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.
Moh, Nazir. 2003. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Muhsm, Muhamad. 1979. Introduction to Literature. Medan: USU.
Rhomdony, Deny. 2008. Integrated Comprehensive. Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.
Sembiring, MCA. 2014. Buku Panduan Program D3 Bahasa Inggris. Medan: Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Culture Study.
Siahaan, S & Shinoda, K. 2008. Generic Text Structure. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Siahaan, Sanggam. 2008. Issue in Linguistics. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Surachmad, Winarno. 1982. Pengantar Penelitian Ilmiah. Bandung: Tarsito.
Surayin. 1999. Perfect English Grammar. Bandung: CV. Yrama Widya.
Suryabrata, Sumadi. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Suryabrata. 1984. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Angkasa.
3. THE DESCRIPTION OF TENSES USED
In English tenses from the Latin word which means time. So, tenses are
the time for an occurrence or event. In English language have 16 different
tenses but the descriptions of this paper tell about eleven different tenses,
sentence pattern and the dominantly used in the novel. The form of the
sentences, they are affirmative, negative, interrogative, and informative
question. The difference of the eleven tenses, pattern and dominantly of tenses
can be seen in these following tenses.
1) Present Tense
Simple present is the tense for a description, definition and statement of
general truth. Usually, simple present tense used to express the informative and
the fact. Present Tense has the form of verb and non verb in the sentence
pattern. The different kinds of the verb in the sentences are: active and passive.
A. 1) Affirmative/Positive sentences in present tense are form by adding s for
the third singular.
Pattern: Subject (I, you, we, they) + Infinitive + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. I give you this information, sir. 11
2. I return to Paris. 13
3. You know it well enough, Porthos, said Aramis. 23
5. I choose my own men. 26
6. Porthos and Aramis shook with rage. 26
7. I wish to do something for you. 30
8. You take my advice. 32
9. You speak frankly to me. 33
10. You make this demand with a bad grace. 38
11. I take it for granted that you are not a fool. 39
12. I wish to apologize because it is improbable. 45
13. I feel it. 46
14. We permit you. 46
15. I give implicit credence to this simple story of yours. 50
16. I leave your majesty to judge. 51
17. I say it is probable that this was the case. 51
18. I wish to thank them all at the same time. 53
19. I speak of the pillar of the state. 61
20. I wish to speak with him this evening. 62
21. I wish to enter the church and that I fly from all worldly things. 69
22. I take up your valuable time. 70
23. I know it from my wife, sir. 75
24. I meet with him. 76
A. 2) Affirmative/positive sentences in present tense is form by adding in ss,
sh, ch, x and o add es, instead of s alone, to form the third person singular. Pattern: Subject (He, She, It) + Infinitive + S/Es + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. It is by his courage alone, that a gentleman makes his way
nowadays.
6
2. He says that he found Rochefort. 23
3. He holds his eminence in detestation 32
4. He considers the three greatest men in France 33
5. It appears to me that there are four of us 46
6. He wishes for your friendship 63
7. He lives in a retired sport, convenient to his tastes and his
profession
81
8. He attributes it 89
B. Negative sentences in present tense are found by adding do/does.
Pattern: Subject + Do/Does + Not + V1 + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. I do not often laugh, sir. 10
2. I do not wish you to afford mirth for the cardinal’s guards. 26
youth.
4. I do not accuse them. 51
5. I do not return to you in that time 59
6. I do not put much trust in their hypocritical faces. 64
7. I do not know positively sir. 74
8. I do not draw back. 77
9. I do not say for a moment. 78
10. I do not believe in them. 79
C. 1) Interrogative sentences in present tense are form by adding do/does as
question word.
Pattern: Do or Does + Subject + V1 + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. Do you know what the king said to meand that not later than last
evening?
25
2. Do you know, gentleman? 25
3. Do you require me for? 28
4. Do you know the subject of their conversation? 31
5. Do you shut your eyes when you run? 36
6. Do you know her abductor? 76
8. Do you think it likely, d’Artagnan? 82
9. Do you feel particulary anxious to see me again? 91
C. 2) Negative interrogative sentence in present tense are form by adding
do/does.
Pattern: Do or Does + Not + Subject + V1 + Object Complement.
Example:
9. Don’t you see this will compromise me very much? 91
D. Informative question in present tense by adding WH question + do/does as
question word.
Pattern: WH + Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. What do you think of this story of Chalais’s squire? 23
2. What does he say? 23
3. What do you want? 29
4. What does the queen believe? 76
E. Sentences in present tense are form by adding auxiliary verb + non verb
(adjective and noun).
Pattern: Subject + to be (is, am, are) + Non Verb (adjective and noun) + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. It is true that the words which accompanied the present were
above price.
6
2. You are mad. 10
3. He is very young. 12
4. He is a sad coward verily. 14
5. She is beautiful. 14
6. He is a simpleton, said Porthos. 23
7. I am a musketeer in which character I say what I choose. 24
8. He is ill. 26
9. The king and the cardinal are the best of friends. 32
10. I am in a great hurry. 34
11. You are in a hurry. 34
12. You are mad to throw yourself in this manner upon people. 36
13. You expression is harsh. 36
14. I am Gascon, it is true. 39
16. They are good creatures. 50
17. It is a complete victory. 52
18. It is very fortunate for you. 55
19. He is very ill indeed. 58
20. I am very angry with you. 60
21. She is my love. 75
22. He is a man of aristocratic appearance. 76
23. I am Madame Bonancieux. 87
24. I am a servant of the queen’s. 87
F. Negative sentences in present tense are form by adding auxiliary + not +
non verb (noun).
Pattern: Subject + to be (is, am, are) + not +Non Verb (noun) + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. You are not the individual to give me a lesson in good
manners.
35
2. I am not the less a miserable giddy pate, to throw myself
thus upon people, without saying “take care”.
37
G. Interrogative question is present tense is form by adding auxiliary+
question.
Pattern: To be (is, am, are) + Subject + Non Verb (noun) + Object Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. Am I to draw from your remark? 39
2. Is this a religious fraternity-these men of yours-that you are
speaking?
50
3. Is it thus that you discharge your office, sir? 60
H. Passive sentences in present tense are form by adding auxiliary verb+ the
third form of the verb.
Pattern: Subject + to be (is, am, are) + V3 + Object Complement.
Examples:
No Present Tense Page
1. It is said that the Duke of Buckingham is in France. 24
2. I am resolved to remain prudent. 40
3. I am killed. 40
4. I am surprised that they should be late. 42
5. I am called Louis the just, M.de Treville and soon, very
soon, we shall see.
50
2) Present Continuous
Present Continuous Tense used to express an action happening now (at the
time of speaking). Therefore, Present Continuous Tense is also used to express
immediate future actions when definite arrangements have been made.
In the novel “The Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas just use active
form in the sentences. Present continuous is the form by adding auxiliary the
verb + ing. The pattern of sentences is present continuous tense as the
following. In the novel the writer only found use active sentences in present
continuous tense.
A. Affirmative/Positive sentences in present continuous tense are form by
adding auxiliary verb + ing.
Pattern: Subject + to be (is, am, are) + Verb-ing + Object Complement.
Examples:
No Present Continuous Tense Page
1. Tell me what you are laughing. 9
2. I am speaking to you. 9
3. The red duke is charming. 23
4. You are telling me. 26
5. I am running after someone. 36
6. We are speaking. 81
B. Negative sentences in present continuous tense is form by adding auxiliary
verb + not + ing.
Pattern: Subject + to be (is, am, are) + not + Verb-ing + Object Complement.
Example:
No Present Continuous Tense Page
1. I am not speaking to you, sir. 9
C. Informative question in present continuous tense by adding with WH
question + ing as question word.
Pattern: WH + to be (is, am, are) + Verb-ing + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Continuous Tense Page
1. What is he saying? 83
2. What are they trying to find me? 86
3. Where are you going? 87
3) Present Perfect Tense
The activity in the present perfect tense began sometimes in the past, but
those are related in the mind of the speaker with the moment of speaking.
Present Perfect Tense has the form of verb and non verb in the sentence
A. Affirmative/Positive sentence in present perfect tense is form by adding
have/has.
Pattern: Subject + Have/Has + Past Participle + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Perfect Tense Page
1. We have said the fifteen crowns, the steed, and the letter to
M.de Treville.
8
2. It has taken place here you will not have to repent it until later. 11
3. I have ordered. 12
4. We have already said how rapidly d’Artagnan caught the
expression of a countenance.
13
5. I have lost two. 13
6. He waits till the queen has given an heir to the crown of
France.
24
7. I have taken my resolve. 27
8. I have loved your father. 29
9. However, a decision his majesty has provided for this case. 30
10 If the cardinal has really sent me this young fox. 32
11. He has failed in his attempts. 33
12. They have done one half more than they ought to do. 39
13. I have informed you, only a soldier temporarily. 40
14. I have tried upon myself with success. 43
16. I have promised an abbey. 50
17. I have told him the truth. 63
18. I have met you. 63
19. I have seen him. 63
20 They have come in sorrow and repentance, to excuse
themselves.
64
21. You have taken your revenge for the Rue Ferou, and more
than enough.
64
22. I have told you that I have an anppoinment at nine. 65
23. Willingly have given ten years of his life for the possession of
it.
68
24. I have told you that I believe I know him. 76
25. You have forgotten to pay me my rent. 77
26. I have never seen an apparition. 79
27. Athos has already told you that you are stupid. 84
28. I have sent to summon three of my friends. 90
29 I have brought a woman here and that she is now in his
apartment.
B. Negative sentence in present perfect tense by adding have/has.
Pattern: Subject + Have/Has + Not + Past Participle + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Perfect Tense Page
1. He has not drawn from me himself. 45
2. He has not drawn his information from authentic sources. 61
C. Interrogative sentences in present perfect tense are forms by adding
have/has as question word.
Pattern: Have/Has + Past Participle + Object + Complement?
Examples:
No Present Perfect Tense Page
1. Has he taken off his doublet? 11
2. Has Madame Bonancieux entrusted you with anything for her
husband or any other person?
86
D. Sentences in present perfect tense are form by adding have/has + non verb
(noun).
Pattern: Subject + Have/Has + Been + Non Verb (noun).
Examples:
No Present Perfect Tense Page
dignity the name of gentleman, which has been
honourablyborne by your ancestors, for the sake of you and
yours, for more than 500 years.
2. We have been unsuccessful in our attempt to portray the true
character of our adventure.
41
3. You have been in my house. 77
E. Passive sentences in present perfect tense are form by adding have/has +
been+ verb3.
Pattern: Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb3 + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Perfect Tense Page
1. You have been taught to handle the sword. 7
2. It has been taken from you. 16
3. I have been named Louis the just. 62
4. My wife has been entrapped. 75
F. Negative sentences in present perfect tense is form by adding have/has +
not.
Pattern: Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb3 + Object + Complement.
Example:
No Present Perfect Tense Page
1. Have I not been obeyed? 12
G. Informative question in present perfect tense used WH question are form by
adding have/has + been + V3.
Pattern: WH + Have/ Have + Subject + Been + Verb3 + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Present Perfect Tense Page
1. Whom has she been abducted? 74
2. When an individual has been arrested, in any house whatever,
on suspicion of some crime?
85
4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense used to express the action in the past,
and still continuing at the present of the moment.
Present perfect continuous tense has the form in the sentence pattern. They
active and passive. Present perfect continuous tense is the form by adding
have/has+ been+ ing. The pattern of sentences is present perfect continuous
tense as the following. In the novel, the writer found only use active sentences
in present perfect continuous tense.
Pattern: Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb-ing + Object + Complement.
Example:
No Present Perfect Continuous Tense Page
1. He has been doing, Madame. 89
5) Simple Past Tense
Past Tense used to express an action when a definite point of time in the
past habit, and in conditional sentence. Modifiers indicating time often
specified a definite time in the past, but in some situation the time is not
specified. The time of the action is indefinitely, for example: yesterday, last
night, this morning, yesterday afternoon, last week, last month, last year, a
week ago, two months ago.
Simple past tense has two kinds of sentence pattern they are used verb and
non verb. Besides that, the verb of sentences pattern has two different kinds:
active and passive.
A. 1) Affirmative/Positive sentence in simple past tense is form by adding ed
to the infinitive for regular verb.
Examples:
No Simple Past Tense Page
1. On the first Monday of the month of April, 1625, the small
town of Meung, the birthplace of the author of the “Romance of
the Rose’ appeared to be in a state of revolution, as a complete
as if the Huguenots were come to make a second siege of la
Rochele.
5
2. M.d’Artagnan loved his son. 7
3. D’Artagnan himself turned to face this shower of blows, his
opponent put up his sword with the same calm.
10
4. He returned to the window, and viewed the crowd with evident
marks of impatience.
11
5. He made him comprehend that the police might be severe on
him for having attacked a great lord.
12
6. M.de Treville, as his family was yet called in Gascony or M.de
Treville as he called himself in Paris.
17
7. Treville only wanted an opportunity; but he watched for it. 18
8. You lived at that of your countrymen. 19
9. On the day when d’Artagnan presented himself, the assembly
was very imposing, especially to a provincial just arrived in
Paris.
19
11. I killed one fellow with his own sword. 27
12. M.de Treville seized his hand, and pressed it with much
warmth.
28
13. M.de Treville turned around and found himself alone with the
young man.
29
14. He called her “my lady”. 31
15. I certainly committed that imprudence. 31
16. I frequently covered myself with it or no. 31
17. The musketeers saluted Biscarrat with their swords, and
returned them to their scabbards.
49
18. The king placed himself in an attentive posture. 52
19. He died yesterday. 60
20. He carried himself, Athos took at once the rank to which he was
entitled and sent the foppish back to the second place.
67
21. D’Artagnan retired with this promise, and entered on his service
the next day.
72
22. My wife pointed him out one day. 76
23. He listened to this profound opinion. 80
24. D’Artagnan stopped at this idea. 86
25. Madame Bonancieux looked earnestly at the young man. 90
A. 2) Affirmative/Positive sentence in simple past tense is form by adding V2
to the infinitive for irregular verb.
Pattern: Subject + Verb2 (Irregular Verb).
Examples:
No Simple Past Tense Page
1. At a time when everyone knew something of horses, the
apparition of t he aforesaid sheltie at Meung.
6
2. Our youth took his way the same day, furnished with the three
paternal gifts.
8
3. They took care only to laugh on one side of their face, like the
ancient masques.
8
4. D’Artagnan made these observations with the rapidity of the
most minute observer, and doubtless with an instinct which told
him that this unknown was to have a vast influence on his
future life.
9
5. D’Artagnan made such a furious thrust at him. 10
6. He made him comprehend that the police might be severe on
him for having attacked a great lord.
12
7. The lady and gentleman therefore went off at a gallop towards
the opposite ends of the street.
13
8. D’Artagnan left his couch, went down to the kitchen. 14
9. D’Artagnan went to draw it in earnest, he found himself armed
only with the stump.
10. He went into the kitchen. 16
11. He took possession of his lodging. 16
12. He went to bed and slept the sleep of the brave. 17
13. He saw the formidable picked guard with which Louis
surrounded himself.
18
14. They met them indulging in the open street in a thousand jokes. 19
15. He heard around him. 21
16. I paid twelve pistols for it. 22
17. I met you the other Sunday. 22
18. I heard it from Aramis, answered the musketeers. 23
19. I told it you myself yesterday evening. 23
20. You told us of it yesterday evening. 23
21. He saw very well that his thin dregs required to be enlivened by
some good and generous wine.
26
22. I left the province. 30
23. He gave her a box, which he said contained her instructions and
desired her not to open it until she arrived in London.
31
24. He even went down to the ferry, returned by the Rue de Seine
and La Croi Rouge.
36
25. He gave himself the following rebukes as a guard for the future. 37
26. D’Artagnan came in sight of the small open space in front of
the convent.
27. We saw you fighting. 46
28. He broke his sword across his knee. 46
29. They saw my musketeer, they changed their intentions and
forgot their individual and personal hatred, to indulge their
enmity towards our corps.
51
30. D’Artagnan kept his ground firmly. 55
31. I saw the horses harnessed to the cardinal’s carriage. 57
32. He saw them enter his apartment. 58
33. We ran him for six hours. 60
34. You told me it was a young man. 64
35. They saw him enter, covered with perspiration and furious. 79
36. He came to demand his rent. 83
37. M.de Treville knew nothing about it. 85
38. People went to bed early in the quarter of the Luxembourg. 88
39. I got out of the window, and hurried here where I expected to
find my husband.
89
B. Negative sentences in simple past tense by adding did.
Pattern: Subject + Did + Not + Verb1.
Examples:
No Simple Past Tense Page
2. I did not know the circumstances. 27
3. He did not kill me at once. 37
4. I did not see the handkerchief fall from the pocket of M.Aramis. 39
5. He did not permit him to have his own way. 48
6. I did not wish for any other defender with his majesty than
yourself.
63
7. I did not deceive myself. 63
C. 1) Interrogative sentences in simple past tense are form by adding did as
question word.
Pattern: Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Complement?
Examples:
No Simple Past Tense Page
1. Did anyone ever pretend to say that Aramis was coward? 37
2. Did he give that terrible wound to Jussac? 64
3. Did he tell you the details? 75
C. 2) Negative interrogative sentences in simple past tense are form by adding
did as question word.
Did + Subject + Not +Verb1 + Object + Complement?
1. Did he not come to lay a trap for him? 32
D. Passive sentences in simple past tense are form by adding was/were + v2.
Pattern: Subject + Was/Were + Verb2 + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Simple Past Tense Page
1. Fancy to yourself Don Quixote at eighteen-Don Quixote peeled,
without his coat of mail or greaves-Don Quoixotecloted in a
woolen doublet, whose blue color was changed to an
undyableshade, a shade between the less of wine and a cerulean
blue.
5
2. The townsmen always armed themselves against the bandits,
the wolves, and the lacqueys.
5
3. D’Artagnan was really insulted. 9
4. The Traveler was changed to the most profound contempt when
he saw him departing without paying.
13
5. His name was never mentioned except in an undertone. 15
6. M.de Treville was admitted into the household of the young
price.
17
7. Therefore M.de Treville was lauded in every tone, sung of in
every key by the men.
19
8. A circle was formed round him, the condition of the game
being.
20
Gulliver afterwards went, and was so much frightened.
10. If his good manners were shocked on the landing place, his
respect for the cardinal was scandalised in the antechamber.
21
11. The door was closed behind them. 25
12. We were dragged away by force. 27
13. This brave and unlucky Athos was wounded on the shoulder. 37
14. M.de Treville was informed that his majesty was engaged. 50
15. The rendezvous was fixed at Carmes-Deschaux. 51
16. The doors were opened and his majesty was announced. 59
17. The dinner was accomplished on the same day. 66
18. It was fixed to its place. 68
19. Planchet was seized with equal admiration. 71
20. Woman was created for our destruction and from her all our
miseries arise.
80
21. He was opened, and d’Artagnan armed with his naked sword,
sprang into the apartment of M.Vonancieux.
87
E. Sentences in simple past tense are form by adding auxiliary + non verb
(noun and adjective).
Pattern: Subject + Was/Were + Non Verb (noun and adjective).
Examples:
No Simple Past Tense Page
1. It was a Beaunese sheltie, of about twelve or fourteen years of
age.
6
2. This horse was born in the paternal homestad about thirteen
years ago.
6
3. D’Artagnan was not the man ever to sue for quarter. 10
4. She was a pale, fair person, with long curling hair failing on her
shoulders, large blue languishing eyes, rosy, lips, and alabaster
hands.
13
5. He was the confidential friend of the king. 17
6. He was in a towering rage. 27
7. It was an age of flattery. 31
F. Negative sentences in simple past tense are form by adding was/were + not
+ non verb (noun).
Pattern: Subject + Was/Were + Not + Non Verb (noun).
Examples:
No Simple Past Tense Page
2. D’Artagnan was not the man to let anyone who had the
insolence to mock him thus escape.
10
3. D’Artagnan was not the man ever to sue for quarter. 10
4. They were not to see the king twelve o’clock. 53
G. Interrogative question in simple past tense is form by adding was/were +
non verb (noun) as question word.
Pattern: Was/Were + Subject + Non Verb (noun).
Example:
No Simple Past Tense Page
1. Was this woman an Englishwoman? 31
6) Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense used an action that was going on at a given time or
period of time in the past and can interested in the action, not in the
completion. Past Continuous Tense has the form of sentence pattern, they are:
Affirmative/Positive, Negative and Interrogative. Besides that, past continuous
also has different kinds they are verb and non verb. Past continuous tense is the
form by adding was/were + ing. The pattern of sentences is past continuous
tense as the following. In the novel, the writer found only use active sentences
Pattern: Subject + Was/Were + Verb-ing + Object + Complement.
Examples:
No Past Continuous Tense Page
1. A vast and accumulating mob was hastening with intense
curiosity.
5
2. He was walking, and against the rough coat of his steed. 6
3. They were talking about him. 8
4. Your doublet was lying. 16
5. He was talking loudly over the group. 22
6. He was fainting. 28
7. Porthos was talking with one of the soldiers on guard. 35
8. Athos was watching them so attentively. 55
9. I was going to be ordained. 70
10. Planchet was having dinner on this economical fare. 74
11. I was leaving his house. 81
12. It was striking nine on the evening of the day after poor
Bonancieu arrest.
86
13. I was getting late. 88
7) Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense is used to express an action, event and activity which
Past perfect tense has the form of verb and non verb in the sentence
pattern. The different kinds of the verb in the sentences are: active and
passive.
A. Affirmative/Positive sentences in past perfect tense is form by adding
had+v3.
Pattern: Subject + Had + Verb3.
Examples:
No Past Perfect Tense Page
1. It had entered about a quarter of an hour before, by the gate of
Beaugency, produced a somewhat unfavourable sensation or
impression, which extended even to its master.
6
2. He had seen among some chance Gasconnocility in their
provincial visits.
9
3. He had scarcely finished. 10
4. D’Artagnan had regained consciousness. 12
5. The yellow horse had eaten three times. 14
6. His mother had secretly taken from a nearly new doublet of the
elder M.d’Artagnan.
16
7. He had climbed four rungs at a time. 17
8. M.de Treville had used this powerful lever, first for the king and
his friends, and net for himself and his own friends.
19
9. Ha had passed one group. 20
11. He had taken his cloak. 22
12. I had forgotten you. 29
13. Aramis had dropped his handkerchief, and inadvertenly no doubt
had put his foot upon.
38
14. He had changed his belt and laid aside his cloak. 44
15. He had merely changed hands, and fought with his left. 48
16. Three of my best soldiers, Athos, Porthos, and Aramis had made
a party of pleasure with a young Gascon, a volunteer.
51
17. I had introduced to them the same morning. 51
18. He had told the three musketeers and their comrade. 62
19. His majesty had given d’Artagnan. 65
20. He had made up for his long abstinence by an attack upon the
remnants.
66
21. Aramis had said these kinds of things being mysterious. 79
B. Negative sentences in past perfect tense by adding had + v3.
Pattern: Subject + Had + Not + Verb3.
Examples:
No Past Perfect Tense Page
1. His name had not produced a greater effect on the young man. 54
2. He had not rescued me from the hands of Biscarrat. 64
C. Interrogative sentence is form by adding had as question word.
Pattern: Had + Subject + Verb3.
Example:
No Past Perfect Tense Page
1. Had his majesty formed the intention of hunting, yesterday? 57
D. Passive sentences in past perfect tense are form by adding had + been.
Pattern: Subject + Had + Been + Verb3.
Examples:
No Past Perfect Tense Page
1. They had been for some time packed up in a portmanteau. 9
2. The eye had been given only to see. 18
3. The combatan had been seen in a position which left no doubt of
their intentions.
18
4. He had been carried away at first. 56
5. The proposition had been made and received with enthusiasm. 56
E. Sentences in past perfect tense are form by adding been + non verb (noun).
Pattern: Subject + Been + Non Verb (noun).
Examples:
No Past Perfect Tense Page
1. Athos had already been about five minutes on the ground. 42
2. D’Artagnan had been the hero of the last two days. 58
8) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense used to express an action definitely in the
past, and was still continuing at the past moment. It is the duration an activity
in progress before another activity in the past time. Past perfect continuous
tense has the form in the sentence pattern. They are used verb and non verb.
The form of the verb has two different kinds: active and passive. Past perfect
continuous tense is the form by adding had + been + ing. The pattern of
sentences is present perfect continuous tense as the following. In the novel, the
writer found only use active sentences in past perfect continuous tense.
Pattern: Subject + Had + Been + Verb-ing.
Example:
No Past Perfect Continuous Tense Page
1. They had been talking, sat down to write the promised letter of
introduction.
9) Future Tense
Future Tense used to express an action that will take place or a certain
condition will exist in the future. This tense usually using will or shall
traditionally, will and shall were different in the usages. Will was used with he,
she, it, you, and they and shall was used with I and we. In addition, Future
Tense has the kinds of the tenses, they are active and passive. Future tense is
the form by adding will/shall. The pattern of sentence is future tense as the
following. In the novel, the writer use active and passive sentence in future
tense.
A. Affirmative/Positive sentences in future tense are form by adding will/shall.
Pattern: Subject + Will/Shall + Verb1.
Examples:
No Future Tense Page
1. Your mother will add to them the recipe for a certain balsam. 7
2. We will laugh together. 9
3. He will lay my complaint before his majesty. 16
4. He will do it. 23
5. You will wait till I have become worthy of it. 33
6. You will find me without running. 35
7. You will get yourself chastised. 36
8. I shall always see with regret the blood of so brave a gentleman. 45
9. You will enjoy the spectacle without any of the pain. 46
11. I shall see the king this evening. 57
12. I shall get down through the window. 87
B. Negative sentences in future tense are form by adding shall/will.
Pattern: Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Verb1.
Examples:
No Future Tense Page
1. You will not open until you are on the other side of the channel. 13
2. You will not have to wait long. 33
3. You will not speak with anyone between M.de Tremouille and
myself.
62
C. Interrogative question in future tense are form by adding shall/will as
question word.
Pattern: Shall/Will + Subject + Verb1.
Examples:
No Future Tense Page
1. Will you still insist most discreet Aramis that you are on bad
terms with Madame de Bois Tracy, when that gracious lady
condescends to lend you her handkerchief?
38
2. Shall I bring him alone? 53
D. Passive sentences in simple future tense are form by adding shall/will + be.
Pattern: Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Verb3.
Examples:
No Future Tense Page
1. It will be perceived, added M.de Treville to the others. 31
2. I shall be compelled to demand possession of the handkerchief. 38
3. You will be killed. 87
4. The shutter will be opened presently. 97
E. Negative sentences in future tense is form by adding shall/will + not in the
passive form.
Pattern: Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Be + Verb3.
Example in the novel:
No Future Tense Page
1. We shall not be knighted this time. 59
10)Past Future Tense
Past Future Tense used to express an action and event which would take
place in the past time. Past Future Tense has the time of expression, such as:
yesterday, last night, this morning, yesterday afternoon, last week, last month,
Past future tense is the form by adding would/should. The pattern of
sentences is past future tense as the following. In the novel, the writer found
active sentences in past future tense.
A. Affirmative/Positive sentences in past future tense are form by adding
would/should.
Pattern: Subject + Would/Should + Verb1.
Examples:
No Past Future Tense Page
1. You would make short work of it. 23
2. I should kill you. 42
3. I should make no reference to rent. 78
B. Negative sentences in past future tense are form by adding should/would.
Pattern: Subject + Should/Would + Not + Verb1.
Example:
No Past FutureTense Page
1. I should not wish anyone to display his wife’s property by way of
a trophy.
38
C. Interrogative sentences in past future tense are form by adding
should/would as question word.
Pattern: Should/Would + Subject + Verb1.
No Past Future Tense Page
1. Would you like me to conduct you? 90
2. Would you undertake to forget it as soon as you had made use of
it?
90
11)Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense used to express an action or situation in the third
type of conditional in the past form. Past Future Perfect Tense is a verb form in
the past. Past future perfect tense also has different kinds they are verb and non
verb. Past future perfect tense is the form by adding should/would + have. The
pattern of sentences is past continuous tense as the following. In the novel, the
writer found only use active sentences in past continuous tense.
A. Affirmative/Positive sentences in past future perfect tense are form by
should/would + have.
Pattern: Subject + Should/Would + Have + Verb3.
Examples:
No Past Future Perfect Tense Page
1. An inexperienced eye would have taken him for the son of a
farmer a journey.
6
2. You would have made. 23
B. Negative sentences in past future perfect tense are form by adding
Pattern: Subject + Should/Would + Not + Have + Verb3.
Examples:
No Past Future Perfect Tense Page
1. I should certainly not have had the honour of paying my very
humble reverence to your majesty.
64
The eleven tenses have some sentence patterns. The sentence patterns of
the eleven tenses are:
1) Present Tense with 10 sentence patterns (Subject+ Infinitive+ Object+
Complement, Subject+ Infinitive+ S/Es+ Object+ Complement, Subject+ Do/Does+ Not+ V1+ Object+ Complement, Do/Does+ Subject+ V1+ Object+ Complement? , Do/Does+ Not+ Subject+ V1+ Object+ Complement, WH+ Do/Does+ Subject+ V1+ Object+ Complement? , Subject+ to be+ Non Verb+ Object+ Complement, Subject+ to be+ not+ Non Verb+ Object+ Complement, To be+ Subject+ Non Verb+ Object+ Complement? , Subject+ to be+ V3+ Object+ Complement).
2) Present Continuous Tense with 3 sentence patterns (Subject+ to be+
ing+ Object+ Object+ Complement, Subject+ to be+ Not+ Verb-ing+ Object+ Complement, WH+ to be+ Verb-Verb-ing+ Object+ Complement?).
3) Present Perfect Tense with 7 sentence patterns (Subject+ Have/Has+ Past
Participle+ Object+ Complement, Have/Has+ Past Participle+ Object+ Complement? , Subject+ Have/Has+ Been+ Non Verb, Subject+ Have/Has+ Been+ Verb3+ Object+ Complement, Subject+ Have/Has+ Not+ Been+ Verb3+ Object+ Complement, WH+ Have/Has+ Subject+ Been+ V3+ Object+ Complement?).
4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense with 1 sentence pattern (Subject+
Have/Has+ Been+ Verb-ing+ Object+ Complement).
5) Simple Past Tense with 9 sentence patterns (Subject+V2=Regular Verb,
Subject+ V2=Irregular Verb, Subject+ Did+ Not+ V1, Did+ Subject+ Verb1+ Object+ Complement? , Did+ Subject+ Not+ V1+ Object+ Complement? , Subject+ Was/Were+ V2+ Object+ Complement, Subject+ Was/Were+ Non Verb, Subject+ Was/Were+ Not+ Non Verb, Was/Were+ Subject+ Non Verb?).
6) Past Continuous Tense with 1 sentence pattern (Subject+ Was/Were+
Verb-ing+ Object+ Complement).
7) Past Perfect Tense with 5 sentence patterns (Subject+ Had+ V3, Subject+
Had+ Not+ V3, Had+ Subject+ V3, Subject+ Had+ Been+ V3? , Subject+ Been+ Non Verb).
8) Past Perfect Continuous Tense with 1 sentence pattern (Subject+ Had+
Been+ V-ing).
9) Future Tense with 5 sentence patterns (Subject+ Will/Shall+ V1,
10) Past Future Tense with 3 sentence patterns (Subject+ Would/Should+
V1, Subject+ Should/Would+ Not+ V1, Should/Would+ Subject+ V1)
11) Past Future Perfect Tense with 2 sentence patterns (Subject+
Should/Would+ Have+ V3, Subject+ Should/Would+ Not+ Have+ V3).
The novel consists of 67 chapters on this occasion the writer limit to have
the data in ten chapters only. They are chapter one up to ten. In writing the ten
chapters, the writer of the novel, Dumas applied eleven tenses out of 343
sentences. It can be seen on this following table of the tenses of sentences.
NO TENSES SENTENCES
1. Simple Past Tense. 114 sentences.
2. Present Tense. 94 sentences.
3. Present Perfect Tense. 44 sentences.
4. Past Perfect Tense. 33 sentences.
5. Future Tense. 23 sentences.
6. Past Continuous Tense. 13 sentences.
7. Present Continuous Tense. 11 sentences.
8. Past Future Tense. 6 sentences.
9. Past Future Perfect Tense. 3 sentences.
10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense. 1 sentence.
11. Past Perfect Continuous Tense. 1 sentence.
Finally, the writer conclude that the dominantly of tenses used in the novel
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusions
After describing the tenses used in the novel “The Three Musketeers” by
Alexandre Dumas, the writer of this paper will give a conclusion as the
following.
1) There are eleven different tenses of sixteen tenses in English used the
novel, they are Present Tense, Present Continuous Tense, Present Perfect
Tense, Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Simple Past Tense, Past
Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense,
Future Tense, and Past Future Perfect Tense. There are two kinds of
sentences found in the novel used verb (active and passive) and non verb
(noun or adjective). The forms of sentences are affirmative, negative,
interrogative, and informative question.
2) The eleven tenses have some sentence pattern, they are present tense has
10 sentence patterns, present continuous tense has 3, perfect tense has 7,
perfect continuous tense has 1, simple past tense has 9, past continuous
tense has 1, past perfect tense has 5, past perfect continuous tense has 1,
future tense has 5, past future tense has 3 and past future perfect tense has
2 sentence pattern.
3) The tense dominantly used in the novel is past tense because past tense has
4.2 Suggestion
The writer of this paper suggest that the readers or students to find out
about tense and know the description of tenses used in Novel “The Three
Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas. Moreover, the writer wants to encourage
the readers or students to know the structure of English language and the writer
hopes the readers or students understand about sentence pattern in the different
tenses. So, the writer wants the readers or students can describe the tenses of
other novel and the writer wants the readers or students give some positive and
2. REVIEWOF RELATED LTERATURES
2.1 Language
Sukartiko (2007:35) says that “Bahasa adalah kata-kata dan
pengucapannya, bentuk yang dipergunakan disuatu atau banyak negar, metode
atau cara pengungkapan” it means that language is words and their speech,
form of this prevalent in one or more countries, method or style of expression.
Language is the purposes of communication for social co-operation.
Siahaan (2008:43) says that language is a unique human inheritance that plays
the very important role in human’s life, such as thinking, communicating ideas,
and negotiating with the other.
Language is the way. The languages show the similarities in their
principle. All languages have this complex, many-layered structure. If someone
wants to talk about tenses, they may not escape from grammar because tenses
are a part of structure.
2.2 Grammar
Grammar provides us with a theory how language works. It helps us to
understand how the words used into sentences, to express an observations,
opinions, and feelings. A grammar should arrange the fact of language in
logical order. In grammar a tenses is a distinctive form or phrase of a verb.
Kathryn (1998:24) says that grammar is a technical description of
language. Grammar is the structure and content of language. It varies
Grammar of a language may be understood to be a full description of the
form and meaning of the sentence from language, variously delimited parts of
such a description.
The writer of this writing will talk about the understanding of the tenses
that English language. In English, tenses are the most important elements in
the language. Briefly tenses interpreted as a form of the verb that changed
depending on the time and the incident.
2.3 Tenses
Rhomdony (2008:124) says that tenses are a sentence pattern or sentence
structure (change the title) that is based on the time, when an action, event, or
condition lasts.
Hotben and Lim (2007:428) say that tenses are the form of the verb that is
based on time and an action at the past, present and future. A sentence is a
group of words that make sense to the reader or hearer, contains both subject
and predicate (verb) that are expressed clearly or implied.
Manurung (2007:27) says that simple sentence includes only one act of
predication. Tenses show the time of the action or state of being expressed by
a verb (predicate). For examples:
Worked Work Will Work
English have three kinds of tenses:
1) Present Tense is the show of the current time.
Examples: - Children like sweet.
- I go.
2) Past Tense is the past shows.
Examples: - She found a purse.
- I went.
3) Future Tense is showed of the future.
Examples: - I shall come.
- You will leave today.
Not only that, Romdony (2008:131) says that English language has
sixteen different tenses. The difference of sixteen tenses can be seen in these
following tenses.
1) Present Tense
Simple Present Tense is the tense for a description, and statement of
general truth. Usually, simple present tense used to show an event, and an
action.
In English, simple present tense used to express a variety of meanings and
used to express habitual action.
Example: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Simple present tense is often used with adverbs of frequency, such as:
always, never, often, sometimes, usually, and every week.
Example: My father always read newspaper in the morning.
Simple present tense which to show habit.
2) Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense is the express an action when definite
arrangements have been made. This tense tell us that an action starts before in
progress during and continue after next time of action.
This tense used to state activity or event which is happening when
another activity or event occurred.
Example: My mother is cooking in the kitchen when I take a bath.
To sate an activity which happen right now.
Example: I am studying English
3) Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense is formed with the present tense of have + past
participle. The activity in the present perfect tense began in the past.
Present Perfect Tense used for past actions whose time is not definite.
Example: I have written a paper but I don’t understand about it.
4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense is the formed by the present perfect of
the verb. This tense is the focus of the statement.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense used to state an event which has been
started in the past and still continuing of the moment.
Example: I have been studying English for three hours.
5) Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense is an express when a definite point of time in the past
example: yesterday, last night, this morning, yesterday afternoon, last week,
last month, last year, a week ago, and two month ago.
Simple past tense used for actions complete in the past a definite time. It’s
for a past action when the time is given.
Example: I went with you yesterday morning.
This tense used a past habit with adverb of frequency.
Example: She never spoke with the tourist.
6) Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense is formed by the past tense of the verb to be +
present participle. Usually the activity or the action of a statement in the past
progressive takes place in the certain time.
This tense used to state an event in progress at one point in the past.
Example: they were swimming at that time.
To state an event that begins before the given time.
Example: at 7.00 o’clock I was going to school.
7) Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense is to express an action, event and activity which have
been completed before other actions in definite time in the past. Past perfect
tense used to state an event activity or action which is completed in the past
before another event occurred.
Example: I had sung before they come.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense is to express an action definitely in the
past, and was still continuing at the past moment. Past perfect continuous
tense used to state an event, activity, and action which are still in a
continuous progress in the past time.
Example: You had been studying for three hours.
9) Future Tense
Future Tense is the express an action that will take place or a certain
condition will exist in the future. This tense usually using will or shall. Where
American people use the form will but shall form is usually used by English
people.
Future tense used to state an event, activity that will happen in the future.
Example: Ega will go to the zoo with her boyfriend next month.
To state an event and terms in conditional clause.
Example: She will run if he kisses her.
10) Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense is the express an action which will be going on
at a time in the future. This tense used as an ordinary continuous tense, it is
normally with a point in time and express an action. This tense used to
express future without intention
Example: You will be helping him tomorrow.
11) Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense is used to express a certain action that is
an event and an action which begin in the past and will be completed at some
time.
Example: by the end of the week, he shall be rich.
12) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that started
in the past and finally continues in the future. The action is expressed as a
continuous action or event.
Example: By the end of the month they will have been climbing mountains
for three months.
13) Past Future Tense
Past Future Tense describes the activity that be taken in the future when
they were walking in the past time. Past Future Tense has the time of
expression, such as: yesterday, last night, this morning, yesterday afternoon,
last week, last month, and last year. Past Future Tense used to express an
action and event which would take in the past time.
14) Past Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense is a verb form from used to express an
action in the future when the event in the past. This tense is the contrast of the
future tense. Usually, past future continuous tense has the time expressions,
for example: yesterday, last night, this morning, yesterday afternoon, last
15) Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense is a verb form in the past. This tense used to
express an action in the third type of conditional in the past form. This tense
used to tell the action that be happened in the past.
16) Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense used to express an action and
event in the past form before action in the future. Future Perfect Continuous
Tense used the time expression, for example: for one hour tomorrow, this
week, and for two hours by the end.
In English, the present form the pattern. Typical English verbs have
four or five different forms: drink, drinks, drank, drunk, drinking. It is very
unusual verb. It has eight different forms, like that am, are, is, was, were, be,
been, and being. Besides that, we can know to learn a certain structure
through exercise that concentrate on meaningless manipulation of language
and will be successful communication.
2.4 Scheme of Sixteen Tenses:
According to Romdony (2008:126) tenses have sixteen scheme.
They are:
Simple Simple 1. Simple Present
Continuous 2. Present Continuous
PRESENT
Continuous 4. Present Perfect Continuous
Simple Simple 5. Simple Past
Continuous 6. Past Continuous
PAST
Perfect Simple 7. Past Perfect
Continuous 8. Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Simple 9. Simple Future
Continuous 10. Future Continuous
PRESENT
Perfect Simple 11. Future Perfect
Continuous 12. Future Perfect Continuous
Simple Simple 13. Simple Past Future
Continuous 14. Past Future Continuous
PRESENT
Perfect Simple 15. Past Future Perfect
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
In fact, language is a great machine or tool which is able to make human
culture possible. Language is the highly structured system. Without language the
communication will be broken. English is the first foreign language at the public
or private school. It is important thing in human life .
Winston (1993:21) says that language is the same no matter what system
of writing may be used to record it, just as a person is the same no matter how
you take his picture, the most of the language that are spoken today has been
applied either in relatively recent times.
Language is a means to communicate by one person to another, so person
will understand what people is saying. Language in general can be writing,
besides that language is a signaling system, without language human cannot
make the interaction. The benefit of learning the language is that we can be more
skilled and conscientious in the use of language, especially in places and certain
conditions. These languages are derived from the spoken language of the
community around them.
In addition to knowing what language is, we also have to know what
grammar is. Grammar is very important to help us understand about how to
make a sentence in paragraph when we describe the sentence in the novel.
Rodney (2001:1) says that the term grammar is used in number of different
form and meaning of the sentences or language, it may cover only certain,
variously delimited, parts of sub description.
Grammar is very important because grammar has related with the
language structure, type and kind of the word and how to combine the word
become phrase or sentences in grammar. Because of that, grammar is very
important to particularly in this case the English language will greatly help you
to express your ideas very well and true, clear and effective. Manurung (2007:1)
says that grammar is elaboration scientifically.
Grammar has some English structure. Tenses as one of the English
structure that used in writing and very important to study about it. So,we must
know what are the vocabulary, pronunciation and situation.The third part is still
general, to be more specific and each other divided into four parts, like that:
present tense, continuous tense, perfect tense and perfect continuous tense.
Tenses are very important to learn it and it can be understood that
English language has sixteen different tenses. In other side, when we write a
paragraph we can chose the past, present or future of tenses in our sentences.
In addition, the writer in this paper chose the topic about tenses used in
the novel because she wants to show what is tense and kinds of tenses used in
the novel. Besides that, she uses one of the novels by Alexandre Dumas “The
Three Musketeers” because she likes the story that tells about a young man who
help the three musketeers to fight the enemies and finally he gets friendship of
1.2 The Problem of the Study
The problems of the study are:
1) What kinds of tenses are used in the Novel “The Three Musketeers”?
2) How is the pattern of tenses used?
3) What type of tenses is dominantly used in the Novel “The Three
Musketeer?”
1.3 The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is very important for any kind of writing. The
writer wants to give the description about tenses used in the novel “The Three
Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas since she is interested with this story. Not
only that, the writer of this writing gives the limitation of the problem. Besides
that, Tenses have a function when someone writes some of sentences.
1.4 The Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study are:
1) To find out the tenses used in the Novel “The Three Musketeers”.
2) To find out the pattern of tenses.
3) To find out the dominant types of tenses used in the Novel “The Three
Musketeers”.
1.5 The Reason for Choosing the Topic
I chose the topic because tenses are more important and we can
understand the aspect of the language.The writer gets interested to describe the
which tells the story of friendship, love and struggle. Besides that, the writer
chose this topic because she likes the story in the novel. Finally decides to take
as the title of final paper.
1.6 Method of Study
If data will not be available in written, of course the writer needs some
informants to be treated as the resources of data. In writing this paper, the
writer uses library research. A library research contains a collection of material
one or more subjects. Nazir (1998:111) says that the techniques of data
collection to conduct studies of literature, records and reports that has to do
with the problem. The writer read and collected some literary books that are
relevant to the topic discussed in description the grammar, especially the tenses
as reference in finishing this paper.
The data of this paper are sentences contained tenses used in the novel
“The Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas. The writer chose novel “The
Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas as the source of data because this
novel has an interesting story. The novel “The Three Musketeers” by
Alexandre Dumas has 554 pages and 67 chapters, but the writer just uses 10
chapters in the novel. This paper, the writer used observation method as data
collecting method.
In description data, the writer used descriptive method. Nazir (2003:54)
says that description method is to create a description, picture or painting
systematically about the facts, the nature and the relationship phenomenon.
from subject like individual, organization, industry or perspective. The purpose
is to explain and describe systematically the fact and characteristic of subject.
Descriptive research method is a method that collected for question related
with situation and condition.
There are some steps done of the problem in this paper.
1) Reading the novel.
2) Indentifying the sentences of tenses used in the novel.
3) Classifying sentences into some kinds of tenses.
4) Making the methodology by Nazar and sentence pattern of tenses used in the
novel.
THE DESCRIPTION OF ENGLISH TENSES USED IN THE NOVEL THE THREE MUSKETEERS BY ALEXANDRE DUMAS
A PAPER
WRITTEN BY
EKA YUNI SARI BR SILALAHI REG.NO : 122202018
DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
Approved by
19560705198903 1 002 Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, M.A
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma (D-III) in English
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
19521126198112 1 001
Dr.Matius. C.A. Sembiring,M.A
Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Diploma III(D-III) of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held on
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara Dean,
NIP.19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A
Board of Examinery :
1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP)
2. Dr.Ridwan Hanafiah, M.A
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am, Eka Yuni Sari br Silalahi, declare that I am the sole author of this
paper. Except where the references is made in the text of this paper, this paper
contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a
paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgement in the
main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award for
another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : Eka Yuni Sari br Silalahi
Title of paper : The Description of English Tenses in the Novel
“The Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas
Qualification: D-III/ Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I am wiling that my paper should be available for reproduction at the
discretion of the libertarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty
of Cultural Study USU on the understanding that users are made aware of
their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed :
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, the writer would like to say thank to God, merciful, and most gracious
who has given blessing to the writer so that the writer keep healthy and can
compile this paper. This paper is written to fulfill one of the requirements in order
to get the degree of diploma III from the Faculty of Cultural Science, North
University.
Not only that, the writer also be aware that in this paper not be completed without
the support, guidance and suggestion. Therefore, the writer would like to thank to
this following people.
1. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A the Dean of the Faculty of Cultural Science of
North Sumatera University.
2. Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A the Head of the Diploma III of the
English Department which has allowed me to accomplish my paper.
3. Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, M.A who is on this circumstance as a supervisor
and Dr. Hj. MasdianaLubis, M.Hum as a reader in writing this paper for
his patience in giving supervision, advice and have many take spend time
to check out this paper.
4. Bapak Edward Silalahi and Ibu Rupianna br Ginting as my beloved
parents. The writer would like thank to my beloved parents for your love,
support, prayers, spirit and material so that the writer can complete her
education of diploma III from the Faculty of Cultural Science, North
5. Ervina br Silalahi as my sister, Chris Yericho Brema Silalahi as my
younger brother, Erik Silalahi and Ika Silalahi as my cousin thanks for
giving the writer support, motivation and your prayers to accomplish this
paper.
6. Florencia M Pratiwi, Mercy Sarah, Elisa Putri, Rotua Meyly and Arta Sinaga as my best friends. The writer would like thank for your spirit and
who have shared and contributed yours knowledge so that the writer
remain motivated to accomplish her paper.
7. Jaka Lariza, Alexander Siahaan and Jan Bruana Nainggolan as a
senior in the faculty. The writer would like thanks for giving your
motivation to make the writer more spirit to accomplish her paper.
Finally, I have finished this paper for a long time and it is not perfect.
Therefore, I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestion towards
this paper.
Medan, July 2015
The writer,
EkaYuni Sari
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii
ABSTRACT ... iii
ABSTRAK ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii
1. INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ... 3
1.3 Scope of the Study ... 3
1.4 Purpose of the Study ... 3
1.5 The Reason for Choosing the Topic ... 3
1.6 Method of the Study ... 4
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6
2.1 Language ... 6
2.2 Grammar ... 6
2.3 Tenses ... 7
2.4 Scheme of Sixteen Tenses ... 13
3. THE DESCRIPTION OF TENSES USED ... 15
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION ... 54
4.1 Conclusions ... 54
4.2 Suggestion ... 55
REFERENCES ... 56
