276 Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
The Effects of Dietary Energy Sources on Immune Organs of
Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress
M. Prayuwidayati1,*, T. Pasaribu1, R. Palupi1, K. G. Wiryawan2, A. Sudarman2, &
R. Mutia2
1Graduate Study Program of Bogor Agricultural University 2Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia *e-mail: widayub@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of palm oil addition as energy source in the ration on the percentage of limfoid gland, thymus gland and bursa fabricius of broilers exposed to heat stress. The research was conducted in Experimental Station, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, in November to December 2011. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two treatment rations with three replications. The treatments were as follow: R1 = ration with 22% crude protein and 3050 kcal Metabolism Energy containing 1% palm oil; R2= ration with 22% crude protein and 3050 kcal Metabolism Energy containing 7% palm oil. The parameter observed were limfoid gland percentage, thymus gland percentage and bursa fabriosis percentage. The result of the experiment showed that the addition of palm oil in the ration until 7% DM basis in broiler’ration did not significantly affect the lymphoid organ percentage, thymus gland percentage, and the bursa fabriosis percentage in broilers exposed to heat stress. It could be concluded that addition of palm oil as energy sources in the ration gives similar effect on broilers exposed to heat stess.
Keywords: broiler, heat stress, lymphoid organ, thymus gland, and bursa fabriosis
Introducton
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Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Broler chcken s known as a homoeothermc anmal. Body temperature regu-laton of ths anmal was drectly affected by envronmental temperature. Therefore, as part of ts thermoregulaton, broler chcken should control feed ntake to meet the need for mantenance, producton, and heat producton (Furlan & Macar, 2002). Objectve of ths experment was to study the effect of palm ol addton as energy source n the raton on the percentage of lmfod gland, thymus gland and bursa fabrcus of brolers exposed to heat stress.
Materals and Methods
The experment was conducted n Expermental Staton, Faculty of Anmal Scence, Bogor Agrcultural Unversty, from November to December 2011. Twenty four of 1 week old chckens were used n ths experment. The broler chckens were then dvded nto two groups and the treatment raton arrangement was presented n Table 1.
278 Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Results and Dscussons
Average daly envronmental temperature and humdty observed at afternoon
durng the experment was 30.38 oC and 80.35% respectvely. Whereas, comforts
zone poultry producton s 25 – 28 °C for temperature and 60% - 70% for humdty. Ths hgh envronmental temperature condton caused the broler chckens exposed to heat stress durng the experment. Ths stuaton also supported by low average daly feed ntake as well as hgh water ntake.
Data on the percentage of thymus gland, percentage of lymph, and percentage of bursa fabrcus at the end of the experment were presented on Table 2. It could be seen from the table that long term heat stress caused broler chcken dffcult to acheve the standard body weght, because sgnfcant amount of energy n the det wll be used for heat producton and heat dsspaton. Heat stress also has deterorated effects on physologcal organs such as lymph, thymus gland, and bursa fabross.
Table 2. Percentage of thymus gland, lymph, and bursa fabrcus at the end of the experment
Detary treatment Lymph (%) Thymus gland (%) Bursa fabrcus (%)
R1 (carbohydrate as
energy sources) 0.22 0.71 0.14
R1 (palm ol as energy
sources) 0.21 0.78 0.11
The dfference of energy sources dd not sgnfcantly affect (P>0.05) the percentage of thymus gland, percentage of lymph, and percentage of bursa fabrcus at the end of the experment. No sgnfcantly dfferent n these parameters probably because of no dfference n energy content of the detary treatments durng the experment. Tzard (1998) stated that bursa fabrcus s lymphod organs that functon to support growth and dfferentaton of cells of antbody system. Moreover, Rddell (2004) stated that bursa fabrcus whch s located n dorsal part of cloacae produce Cell B whch s then syntheszed the plasma cell and antbody. Therefore, ths organ s very mportant n body mmune system.
Concluson
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Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
References
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