Design and Develop Of Vehicle Security System With Notification And Coordination Method.

DESIGN AND DEVELOP OF VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM WITH NOTIFICATION AND COORDINATION METHOD

KOH GUAN KEONG

A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Mechatronic Engineering

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

“I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle “Design and Develop of Vehicle Security System with Notification and Coordination Method” and found that it has comply the partial fulfilment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Mechatronic

Engineering”

Signature : ...

Supervisor’s Name : ...

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I declare that this report entitle “Design and Develop of Vehicle Security System with Notification and Coordination Method” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree.

Signature : ...

Name : ...

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

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2.2 Literature review on previous study of Vehicle Security 6 System

2.2.1 “Combined Remote Key Control and Immobilization 7 for Vehicle Security”

2.2.2 “RFID-Based Anti-theft Auto Security System with 8 An Immobilizer”

2.2.3 “Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and Management 9 System.”

2.2.4 “Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring By ARM7” 10 2.3 Overview on the previous study of Vehicle Security 11

Systems

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REFERENCES 48

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Overview study of previous system 11

x Geeth Javendra, Sisil Kumarawadu dan Lasantha Meegahapola

2.3 GPS Vehicle Tracking System Architecture by 9 Iman M.Almomani, Nour Y.Alkhalil, Enas M.Ahmad and

Rania M.Jodeh

2.4 The system overview of Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring 10 System by Prof Pushpalatha S, Gangadhar M and Madhu M S.

3.1 System Overview of the Vehicle Security System 14 3.14 The working principle of the acceleration measurement 26

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FIGURE TITLE PAGE

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

GPS - Global Positioning System SMS - Short Messaging Service

GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication RKE - Remote Keyless Entry

MCU - Micro Controller Unit IC - Integrated Circuit LF - Low Frequency

RFID - Radio Frequency Identification GPRS - General Packet Radio Service LCD - Liquid Crystal Display ECU - Engine Control Unit RAM - Random Access Memory ROM - Read-Only Memory SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface I2C - Inter-integrated Circuit RF - Radio Frequency

IDE - Integrated Development Environment

UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter USB - Universal Serial Bus

NMEA- National Marine Electronic Association LED - Light Emitting Diode

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Gantt chart 49

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Motivation

Car security system or a vehicle security system is a critical part of an entire car system in order to prevent unauthorised access into the car. Unfortunately, most of the car security system failed to prevent car theft. Starting from the first case of car theft in year 1896, the number of car being stolen has been raised rapidly. Figure 1.1 below shows the statistic of the number of stolen private cars in Malaysia from year 1980 to 2010 [1]. From the figure, we can conclude that the number of cases of stolen car is increasing exponentially from 1980 to 2010. Although there are some decrease of the stolen cases for some year but the number of cases are raised rapidly in overall.

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With the statistic shown that the number of cases of private car being stolen is increasing year by year, it shows that car security system failed to perform to prevent unauthorised access. Figure 1.2 below shows the methods used by car theft in United Kingdom in 2009. Based from Figure 1.2, most cases happen when the car keys are being stolen in burglary, which is 37% [2]. Followed by the cases where owner left their car key inside the car (18%). 14% of car stolen by Forced Ignition, where the theft hijack the car wiring system to start the car and drive away. We can conclude that 72% of the cases is related with car key (Other using keys 12%, Keys stolen in burglary 37%, Keys stolen in robbery 5%, Keys left in car 18%) which reflects that car keys failed to protect the car.

Figure 1.2: Statistics of Car Theft methods in United Kingdom (2009) [2]

Some of the lucky owner was able to recover back their car after being stolen by car theft. Figure 1.3 shows the recovery rate for stolen vehicles in Malaysia for year 2003-2004 and 2009. The recovery rate for year 2003-2004 (59.4% total) is higher than 2008-2009 which is only 10% of total cases [1]. The recovery rate dropped sharply due to the rapid raise of the number of cases of stolen vehicle in 2008-2009.

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With the low recovery rate, the performance and effectiveness of vehicle security system should be taken into consideration seriously to prevent further increase in vehicle stolen cases.

Figure 1.3: Statistic of recovery rate for stolen vehicles in Malaysia. [1] 33

Recovery Rate for stolen vehicles in Malaysia

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1.2 Problem Statement

Most of the car today are equipped with security system as vehicle security system is becoming a “must have” equipment for the safety of every car. Different types of security system are designed by manufacturer or third party organisation according to car owner’s need, some may include vibration sensor or even tilt sensor for additional protection.

However, most of the vehicle security system simply consists of a few door-open detection switch, siren and a remote control to protect the car from unauthorised access, which appears to be weak against an experienced car theft. Besides, a remote control based vehicle security system only allow one way of communication, remote-to-car, this limitation causing the remote control based vehicle security system becoming passive as the owner only able know the car is being intruded when he/she hears the siren. If the owner is inside a building, the system fails to inform the owner that his/her car is in danger. Moreover, conventional vehicle security system are not able to detect the location and movement of the vehicle, which fails to protect the car if it’s pushed or towed away.

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1.3 Project Objectives

The objectives for this project are as follows:

1. To measure and analyse dynamic acceleration with accelerometer ADXL345 in X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis for the best device location and determine the threshold for intrusion activity.

2. To locate and analyse the position of the device in GPS coordinate using Ublox Neo-6M GPS module.

3. To develop a control algorithm that able to send and respond to Short Messaging Service (SMS) via GSM Module with AT Commands through Serial Communications.

4. To develop a power cut off system that able to turn off and prevent starting of car engine when intrusion is detected.

1.4 Project Scope

The scopes of this project are outline as follows:

1. The first part involves in the determination vehicle’s movement. In this project, the accelerometer is used to detect vibration and/or movement of the device installed in a vehicle. The measured value is compared to the pre-set threshold value before triggers the alarm.

2. The second part is concerning the tracking of the vehicle. GPS module is used to locate the vehicle’s coordinate and the detected position is stored as Last Known Position to prevent loss of satellite signal such as entering underground car park. 3. The third part is more to GSM communication. GSM module is used to send and receive SMS (Short Messaging Service). AT commands are used to perform the send and receive actions. A proper SMS format is needed for the detecting the command sent from the user.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Literature review is a depth study and evaluation from previous research. It is important to study various type of vehicle security system and development of the system. This chapter provides the important aspect and summarize of literature review on Vehicle Security System.

2.2 Literature Review on previous study of Vehicle Security System.

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2.2.1 “Combined Remote Key Control and Immobilization System for Vehicle Security”

Ben Davis and Ron DeLong presented this vehicle security system in 1996, which consists of Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) and Immobilization with the use of Micro-Controller Unit (MCU). This system improves the safety of Remote Key Control by introducing a unique authentication technique which the Remote unit generates different authentication code to the MCU during each transmission [3], which makes the decoding job difficult for car theft. This immobilizer system works by implement an Integrated Circuit (IC) inside the Car Key Remote control unit which communicates with the MCU by using LF radio signal at 125 kHz with inductive coupling technique. As shown in Figure 2.1, after receiving the correct authentication code, the MCU will allows the engine to be started up by the user. This system has the advantages of secure communication which makes the radio intercept and replay technique failed to gain access to the vehicle.

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2.2.2: “RFID-Based Anti-theft Auto Security System with an Immobilizer”

In 2007, Geeth Jayendra, Sisil kumarawadu and Lasantha Meegahapola come out with a vehicle security system using Active RFID (Radio frequency Identification). This system reduced the hacking probability to − 4 _{by sending 8-bit rolling unique}

authentication code each time the transmitter operate [4]. Compared to passive RFID, active RFID has longer range of up to 200m for operation, which enable the owner to disable the stolen car in a safe distance. This system consists of 3 unit, Transmitting Unit, Receiving Unit and Intelligent Vehicle Control Unit which communicating with each another. In case of vehicle is in danger, the owner can simply press the disable button on the portable transmitting unit, which will then sends out the unique authentication code to the receiving unit. After the receiving unit decoded the signal, the receiving unit communicate with the intelligent vehicle control unit to turn off the car engine. One of the advantages of this system is that the system includes an automatic gear shifter controller which will shift the transmission to Neutral position in case the vehicle is in high speed, and allows the vehicle to bring down the speed before engine shut down. Figure 2.2 shows the working principle of the system.

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2.2.3: “Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and Management System”

In 2011, Iman M.Almomani, Nour Y. Alkhalil, Enas M. Ahmad and Rania M. Jodeh designed a Global Positioning System (GPS) vehicle tracking and management system. This system combined both Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and GPS to achieve vehicle tracking. The GSM is used to send alert message through Short Messaging Service (SMS) which consists four types of alert: Over-Speeding, Enter/Exit a Geo-fence Area, Car Stops/Moves and Alarm Status [5]. GPRS is used to upload the tracking data onto GPRS Server in user-defined interval which is then allows online tracking via Web Server. Google Maps is used to display the vehicle position, which includes the geometrical information and graphical presentation, allows the user to recognise the vehicle’s position easily. This system has the advantages of being user friendly and easy management via the use of computer or mobile phone. On the other hand, this system have disadvantages of requires internet connectivity to be functional. Figure 2.3 shows the system architecture of the system.

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2.2.4: “Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring By ARM7”

Prof. Pushpalatha S, Gangadhar M and Madhu M S has developed this vehicle tracking and monitoring system in year 2014. This system consists of Accelerometer, Temperature sensor (LM35), Pressure Sensor, GSM modem and GPS Receiver MT3318 to achieve vehicle tracking and condition monitoring. Accelerometer is used to detect movement and vibration of the vehicle while Temperature sensor and pressure sensor are used to provide the environment condition inside the vehicle which is useful for cargo or transportation vehicle [6]. The GPS Receiver MT3318 provides the location of the vehicle and the data is transmitted to the Remote Monitoring System in real-time through GSM Modem. A relay is used to turn off the car engine voltage supply when the owner operates from the Remote Monitoring System to prevent the car from starting in case of intrusion happens. Figure 2.4 shows the system overview of the Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring system.

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2.3 Overview on the previous study of Vehicle Security Systems.

Table 2.1: Overview study of previous systems. Title Sensor / Input Control System Output Combined Remote

Control Inductive coupling authentication system

GPS Receiver Position locating system.