FIRST LANGUAGE PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION OF TWO YEARS
OLD INDONESIAN BOYS OF DIFFERENT MOTHER’S EDUCATION
LEVEL
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Humaniora
By:
INTAN RIZQI
Registration Number: 8136112030
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This thesis has been written in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Magister Humaniora in English Applied Linguistics of Postgraduate School in the State University of Medan (UNIMED). Alhamdulillah, the writer is deeply grateful to ALLAH SWT for his blessings, so this thesis could be finished. It is a great for the writer to pleasure her deepest thanks and gratitudes to her first adviser Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd professor of English applied linguistics study program, for suggesting the points of this manuscript, supervising of the work and for the invaluable guidance at the longtime and tremendous effort to offer every possible help to finish this thesis. And the writer is genuinely appreciative of Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed as the second adviser as well as the head of LTBI (Linguistics Terapan Bahasa Inggris) for helpful discussions and lecturer of English applied linguistics study program, for his encouragements and kind care to writer for finishing this thesis. And her thanks to her reviewers Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum and Dr. I Wy Dirgeyasa,
M.Hum for their suggestions, encouragements and critisms to help the writer in finishing this thesis to be better one on manuscripts during the thesis proposal seminar and the research result seminar.
She owes a deep sense of gratitude to all lecturers for their knowledge and encouragements throughout the academic study period. And she thanks peofusely to Mr. Farid and all the staffs of magister program administration for their kind help and co-operation.
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Finally, she realizes that this thesis is not yet perfect format. Therefore, the constructive critism from readers aimed to improve this thesis will be highly appreciated. So, it can give significant contributions to study about the first language phonological acquisition.
Medan, 5th August, 2016 The Writer
Intan Rizqi
iii ABSTRACT
Rizqi, Intan. Registration Number: 8136112030. First Language Phonological Acquisition of Two Years Old Indonesian Boys of Different Mother’s Education Level. Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program Postgraduate School State University of Medan. 2016
This thesis qualitative research deals with First Language Phonological Acquisition of Two Years Old Indonesian Boys of Different Mother’s Education Level. The objectives of this thesis were to: (1) to find out types of first language vowels and consonants are acquired by two years old Indonesian boys of educated and uneducated mother (2) to determine which of the boys can produce phonemes more appropriately (3) to describe each of the mothers stimulate their children to acquire the phonemes. The data were obtained from was two boys age 2 years old stayed in Desa Birem Puntong from different educational background as an uneducated and educated degree. The result of this research showed that (1) the two years old Indonesian boy of educated mother could produced all vowels [i:], [i], [e], [ɛ], [a], [ǝ], [ɔ], [o], [u] and [u:] and consonant phonemes [b:], [c:], [d:], [f:], [g:], [h:], [j:], [k:], [l:], [m:], [n:], [p:],[q:], [r:], [s:], [t:], [v:], [w:], [x:] [y:], [z:] [ŋ:], [ñ:], [ʃ:]. And two years old Indonesian boy of uneducated mother could produced all vowels too but for consonant phonemes, he has mistakes in uttering [q:], [r:], [x:], [z:] and [ʃ:] (2) the two years old Indonesian boy of educated and uneductaed mothers could produced all vowel phonemes appropriately but in uttering consonant phonemes the two years old Indonesian boy of educated mother could produced consonant phonemes more appropriate than boy of uneducated mother (3) in stimulating phonem in a word, the educated mother does the boy through various ways such as such as chatting, teaching a word by a bilingual book, showing the name of the things when they got in travelling, singing a song. And she could give and shout the good example to her boy because of herself conception, eventhough educated mother has limited time. The uneducated mother stimulated her child by chatting continuously without knowing true or false word and sometimes she could not give the good example to her boy, eventhough she has more time. So, good quality is much than quantity. Furthermore in this reseach, that was a fact that the boy of uneducated mother used his first language by using two languages simultaneously at the same time.
iv ABSTRAK
Rizqi, Intan. NIM: 8136112030. Pemerolehan Phonology Bahasa Pertama oleh Anak Laki-laki Indonesia Berdasarkan Perbedaan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu. Tesis. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Program Studi Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016.
laki-v
laki dari ibu yang tidak berpendidikan menggunakan bahasa pertamanya dengan menggunakan dua bahasa secara bersamaan pada waktu yang sama.
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1.5The Significance of the Study ... 7
CHAPTER II :REVIEW LITERATURE 2.1Theoritical Framework ... 9
2.2Language Acquisition ... 9
2.3 Characteristics of 2 to 3 Years Old Language Acquisition ... 11
2.4Phonological Development ... 14
2.5First Language Phonological Acquisition ... 24
2.6 Social Status ... 27
2.7Educated and Uneducted Mother ... 31
2.8Previous Relevant Studies ... 35
2.9 Conceptual Framework ... 38
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 The Research Method ... 42
3.2 The Location of the Study ... 43
3.3 The Subject of the Study ... 43
3.4 The Technique of Collecting the Data ... 44
3.5 The Instrument of Collecting the Data ... 45
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3.7 The Technique of Analyzing the data ... 46
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 The Data ... 48
4.2 Data Analysis ... 48
4.3 The Findings ... 56
4.4 Discussion ... 58
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclussion ... 61
5.2 Suggestions ... 62
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Language Development Milestones ... 12
Table 2.2 Vowel in Indonesian Language ... 16
Table 2.3 Consonant in Indonesian Language ... 17
Table 3.1 The Trustworthiness of the Study ... 46
Table 4.1 Indonesian Vowel Acquired by Boy of Educated Mother ... 50
Table 4.2 Indonesian Consonant Acquired by Boy of Educated Mother ... 51
Table 4.3 Indonesian Vowel Acquired by Boy of Uneducated Mother ... 52
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
Page
Appendix 1 Interview Sheet 69
Appendix 2 Interview Answers 71
Appendix 3 The Types of Indonesian phonemes in Vocabulary
Acquired by Different Two Years Old Indonesian
Boys of Different Mother’s Education Level 73
Appendix 4 MKZ’s Vowel Phonemes 139
Appendix 5 MKZ’S Consonant Phonemes 146
Appendix 6 FQ’s Vowel Phonemes 158
61 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions
Based on the data and findings, it could be concluded that:
1. The two years old Indonesian boy of educated mother could produced all
vowels [i:], [i], [e], [ɛ], [a], [ǝ], [ɔ], [o], [u] and [u:] and consonant
phonemes [b:], [c:], [d:], [f:], [g:], [h:], [j:], [k:], [l:], [m:], [n:], [p:],[q:],
[r:], [s:], [t:], [v:], [w:], [x:] [y:], [z:] [ŋ:], [ñ:], [ʃ:]. And two years old
Indonesian boy of uneducated mother could produced all vowels too but
for consonant phonemes, he has mistakes in uttering [q:], [r:], [x:], [z:]
and [ʃ:].
2. The two years old Indonesian boy of educated and uneductaed mothers
could produced all vowel phonemes appropriately but in uttering
consonant phonemes the two years old Indonesian boy of educated
mother could produced consonant phonemes more appropriate than boy
of uneducated mother.
3. In stimulating phonem in a word, the educated mother does the boy
through various ways such as such as chatting, teaching a word by a
bilingual book, showing the name of the things when they got in
travelling, singing a song. And she could give and shout the good
example to her boy because of herself conception, eventhough educated
mother has limited time. The uneducated mother stimulated her child by
chatting continuously without knowing true or false word and sometimes
she could not give the good example to her boy, eventhough she has
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reseach, that was a fact that the boy of uneducated mother used his first
language by using two languages simultaneously at the same time.
5.2. Suggestions
1. To mothers
It is suggested to all mothers with different native language, they have to
teach and stimulate the first language of their children with the correct
pronounciation of the words.
2. To the teachers of kindergarten
It is suggested to all teachers of kindergarten to teaching the language
appropriately in pronounciation, stimulating the language acquisition of
the children by using various ways to make them interested in learning
the language especially in first language. It is purposed to make the
children comfortable in their school surroundings.
3. To other researchers
It is suggested to the researchers who are interested in doing research on
language acquisition to get more research in this order to conclude
acceptable research scientifically. This research concerned about first
language acquisition phonological acquisition of two years old
Indonesian boys of different mother’s education level with larger
number of subjects. Perhaps, there will be so many things different of
acquiring the language. For another research conducted is to get better
