THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 METRO

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND

GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 METRO

(A Script)

By

MAULISA MUHAS

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY LAMPUNG UNIVERSITY

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ix ABSTRACT

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND

GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 METRO By

MAULISA MUHAS

It is generally acknowledged that the students’ reading comprehension is still low. One of the causes that is suitable for this problem is the teacher’s technique used for teaching reading. In this case, the writer tried to solve the problem by having the implementation of reciprocal teaching technique in teaching reading

comprehension at the second grade of SMP Negeri 8 Metro.

Therefore, the objectives of the research are to find out whether there is a

difference between students’ reading comprehension score before and after being taught through Reciprocal teaching technique at the second year of SMP Negeri 8 Metro and to investigate the prosess of teaching reading by using Reciprocal teaching technique.

The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 8 Metro. This research was a

quantitative research and used one group pretest posttest design. The writer chose VIII.A as an experimental class. The data were gained by administering a set of pretest and posttest. The three treatments were conducted in the experimental class. The hypothesis was tested by using repeated measures t-test.

The test result showed that the mean difference of pretest and posttest was 27.46. In which the students’ mean score in pretest was 55.81 increased into 83.27 in the posttest. It showed that there is a difference between students’ reading

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND

GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 METRO

By

MAULISA MUHAS

A Script

Submitted in a Partial Fulfillment of

The Requirement for S-1 Degree in English Education

in

Language and Arts Education Department of The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY LAMPUNG UNIVERSITY

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Research Title : THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL

TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING

READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 METRO

Student’s Name : MAULISA MUHAS Student’s Number : 0743042021

Department : Language and Arts Education Study Program : English Education

Faculty : Teacher Training and Education

APPROVED BY: Advisory Committee

Advisor Co-Advisor

Drs. Hery Yufrizal, M.A., Ph.D. Budi Kadaryanto, S.Pd., M.A. NIP 19600719 198511 1 001 NIP 19810326 200501 1 002

The Chairperson of

Language and Arts Education Department

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ADMITTED BY

1. Examination Committee

Chairperson : Drs. Hery Yufrizal, M.A., Ph.D. ...

Examiner : Dr. Muhammad Sukirlan, M.A. ...

Secretary : Budi Kadaryanto, S.Pd., M.A. ...

2. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty

Dr. H. Bujang Rahman, M.Si. NIP 19600315 198503 1 003

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Maulisa Muhas was born on October 8th, 1989 in Metro, Lampung. She is the second child and also the last from a great couple, Muhammad Hasan and Wiwik Syam’in. Her father is a civil servant in Badan Pertanahan Nasional and her mother is a teacher in SMP Negeri 8 Metro. She has a beloved older brother, Hengki Budi Darmawan.

She started her study from kindergarten at TK Aisiyah and graduated in 1995. In the same year, she joined Elementary School at SD Muhammadiyah Metro and graduated 2001. She continued at SLTP Negeri 1 Metro and graduated in 2004. She continued her study at SMA Negeri 1 Metro and graduated in 2007. Having graduated from senior high school she enrolled English Education Study Program at the Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Lampung University. She

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DEDICATION

This paper is dedicated to: Beloved Mama

Beloved Papa Beloved Older Brother

Beloved Families Beloved Friends

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ix MOTTO

“Always plant positive thoughts within you then

you will get positive results as well”

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, the beneficent and merciful. All praise is merely to The Mightiest Allah SWT, the lord of the world, for the gracious mercy and

tremendous blessing that enable the writer to accomplish this script entitled “The

Implementation of Reciprocal Teaching Technique in Teaching Reading Comprehension at The Second Grade Of SMP Negeri 8 Metro”. This script is submitted as a compulsory fulfillment of the requirements for S1 degree of English Education Study Program at Teacher Training and Education Faculty, University of Lampung.

It is important to be known that the script would have never come into existence without any supports, encouragements, and assistance by several gorgeous persons. It is the great honor for the writer to make acknowledgement of indebtedness to convey her sincere gratitude to:

1. Drs. Hery Yufrizal, M. A., Ph.D., as the writer’s first advisor, for his willingness to give assistance, ideas, encouragement, and scientific knowledge within this time during this script writing process. 2. Budi Kadaryanto, S. Pd., M.A., as the co-advisor, for his kindness,

suggestions, and the patience in guiding the writer in finishing this script, and his friend from Netherland, Gerardus Johannes Arnoldus Gert-Jan van Westerlaak (Mas Yanto), thank you for his valuable knowledge,

suggestions, ideas, cares and helps to make this script more valuable. 3. Dr. Muhammad Sukirlan, M.A., as the examiner who has given his inputs,

advices and guidance during the completion the script.

4. Slamet, S.Pd., as the Headmaster and Siswanti, S.Pd., as the English teacher of the second grade of SMP Negeri 8 Metro for their kindness during the research process. All students of class VIII A, academic year 2011/2012 at SMP Negeri 8 Metro.

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S.Kom. And all my big family who cannot be mentioned directly in this script. Thanks for your support and love.

6. Prof. Dr.Cucu Sutarsyah, M.A., as the Chair Person of English Education Study Program, and all lecturers in English Education Study Program. 7. Drs. Imam Rejana, M.Si., as the Chair Person of Language and Arts

Department.

8. Dr. H. Bujang Rahman, M.Si., as The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Lampung University.

9. Her beloved friends in English Department ’07: Elvita H.,S.Pd., Muhammad “KARDUS” Kharisma, Seftia R.,S.Pd., Romandani Adyan,S.Pd., Delia Elmanisya,S.Pd., and many more that can not be mentioned. Ex-English Education Study Program, Rima Septiana, Puput Heri Waskito, Rahmawati Bekti and some friends that can not be mentioned. Thanks for nice

friendship and togetherness, it will not be forgotten.

10. Her close friends, Dian Asri and Pita Lokita (big hug), Juni, Jerry, Jefry, Gilang, S.IP., Teh Risma, Angga, Era, Helen, Indah, Rita, Sela, Dimas, Ipan, Cori “oi”, Affandi A., Tika Cege, Andi Febrian¸ Siska, Noni, Sis Ria, my ex-band “D’Stage” (keep on rockin’ gurls) and D’Jails, and all close friends that can not be mentioned, thanks for their motivations.

Finally, yet importantly, the writer realizes that this script still has some weakness and mistakes. Thus, she would be grateful to accept any suggestion and correction from anyone for the better writing. Hopefully, this script can give benefit to the readers or those who want to carry out further research.

Bandar Lampung, August 2012 The Writer

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

3.1Specification of Data Collecting Instrument (Try-Out Test) ... 34

4.1Statistics Computation of Pretest Scores ... 43

4.2Distribution Frequency of Pretest Scores... 44

4.3Statistics Computation of Posttest Scores ... 45

4.4Distribution Frequency of Posttest Scores ... 45

4.5The Mean Score of Pretest and Posttest ... 46

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REFERENCES

Alvermann, D. E. and Phelps, S. F. (1998). Reading Strategies Scaffolding

Students’ Interactions with Texts. New York: Greece Central School

District. (http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/reading/Reading Strategies/Reciprocal Teaching.rtf).

Alyousef, H. S. (2005). Teaching Reading Comprehension to ESL/EFL Learners.

The Reading Matrix Vol.5, No.2, September 2005. Updated on 5th December 2008./Rider.co.id.

Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Dikdatik Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Brown, D. A. (1982). Reading Diagnosis and Remediation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Bond, G. L. and Tinker, M. (1996). Reading Difficulties: Their Diagnosis and Correction. Englewood Ciffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Christian, B. and Marry, N. B. (1976). Progress in Understanding Reading. New York: Guilford.

Cooper, J. D., Edna, W. W. and Dorothy, A. S. (1988). The What and How of Reading Instruction. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing Company. Dallman, R. L. (1982). Teaching of Reading. Washington: CBS College

Publishing.

Depdiknas. (2006). Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan Sekolah Menegah Pertama. Jakarta:Depdiknas.

Grabe, W. (2000). Reading Research and Its Implications for Reading

Assessment. In A. Kunnan (Ed), Fairness and Validation in Language Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Hatch, E. and Farhady, H. (1982). Research Design and Statistic for Applied Linguistics. London: New Bury House Production, Inc.

Hedge, T. (2003). Teaching & Learning in The Language Classroom. London: Oxford. University Press.

Henning, G. (1987). A Guide to Language Testing. USA: New Bury House Publishers.

Hughes, A. (1989). Testing for Language Teachers. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.

Kelly, R. (2004). Test Prep Guide. (http:/testprep.about.com/). Klinger, J. K. and Vaughn, S. (1996). Accessed on 15 Augustus 2008

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_teaching)

Krashen, S, D. and Terrell, T. (1988). The Natural Approach. London: Prentice – Hall, Inc.

Kustaryo, S. (1998). Reading Techniques for College Students. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Pendidikan.

Miller, C., Miller, L. and Rose, L. (1998). Modified Reciprocal Teaching in A Regular Classroom. New York: Journal of experimental Education. Nuttal, C. (1982). Teaching Reading Skills in Foreign Language. London:

Heinemann Education Books.

Palinscar, A. S. and Brown, A. (1984). Reciprocal Teaching of Comprehension Fostering and Comprehension Monitoring Activities. Cognition and Instruction. New York: College Board Publications.

Palinscar, A. S. and Brown, A. (1984). Retrieved February 4, 2009. Reciprocal Teaching. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory.

(http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/pathwayg.htm).

Rosenshine, B. and Meister, C. (1994). Reciprocal Teaching: A Review of the Research. San Diego: Language Arts Cadre 95.

Rubin, D. (1993). A Practical Aprooach to Teaching Reading. Needham Heights, MA. Allyn and Bacon.

Shohamy, E. (1985). A Practical Handbook in Language Testing for the Second Language Teachers. Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University.

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Smith, F. (1978). Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University.

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 METRO

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND

GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 METRO By

MAULISA MUHAS

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND

TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING

ADMITTED BY

DEDICATION

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REFERENCES ... 63