DESIGN OF WATER LEVEL ACTIVATED ALARM SYSTEM FOR
HOUSE WATER TANK
MOHD HAFIENI BIN MD YAKIM
DESIGN OF WATER ACTIVATED ALARM SYSTEM FOR HOUSE
WATER TANK
MOHD HAFIENI BIN MD YAKIM
This Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor in Electrical Engineering
(Industrial Power)
Fakulti Ke juruteraan Elektrik
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia (UTeM)
“I hereby declared that this report is a result of my own work except for the excepts that have been cited clearly in the references”
Signature : ………
Name : Mohd Hafieni bin Md Yakim Matrix Number : B010510128
“Saya akui laporan ini adalah hasil kerja saya sendiri kecuali ringkasan dan petikan yang tiap-tiap satunya saya jelaskan sumbernya.”
Tandatangan : ………
Nama : Mohd Hafieni bin Md Yakim No. Matrik : B010510128
“I hereby declared that I have read through this report and found that it has comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering
(Industrial Power)”
Signature : ……….
Supervisor’s Name : P. M. Dr. Musse Mohamud Ahmed
“Saya akui bahawa saya telah membaca karya ini pada pandangan saya karya ini adalah memadai dari skop dan kualiti untuk tujuan penanugerahan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Elektrik (Kuasa Industri).”
Tandatangn : ……….
Nama Penyelia : P. M. Dr. Musse Mohamud Ahmed
For my beloved father and mother
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful.
Alhamdulillah, all praise is to Allah that I have been able to complete my report for my “Projek Sarjana Muda 2” that is design of water level activated alarm system for house water tank.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
5 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN
5.1 Regulator supply 29
5.1.1 Voltage regulator introduction 29
5.1.2 The Transformer 31
5.1.2.1 Calculating secondary voltage 32 5.1.2.2 Calculating secondary current 32 5.1.2.3 Transformer rating in this project 33 5.1.4.2 Capacitor function in this voltage regulator 39 5.1.5 Regulator LM7805 (5 V voltage regulator) 39 5.1.6 Summary of function of the voltage regulator
circuit 40 5.2.6 Combination of the Activated Level and Alarm
6 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.1 Results 52
6.2 Experimental results 52
6.2.1 The water level indicator 53
6.3 Discussion 58
7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
7.1 Conclusion 59
7.2 Recommendation 60
LIST OF FIGURES
NO TITLE PAGE
Figure 2.1 Water level indicator circuit diagram 5
Figure 2.2 Water level indicator with alarm circuit diagram 7
Figure 3.1 Project planning schedule 11
Figure 3.2 Project methodology flow chart 13
Figure 4.1 A potential is applied across the plates 16
Figure 4.2 The relationship between conductivity and ion concentration for two common solutions 17 Figure 4.3 The sine wave in AC supply 19
Figure 4.4 Diagram of the move in AC supply 21
Figure 4.5 Simple resistive voltage divider 23 Figure 4.6 Resistor/capacitor voltage divider 24
Figure 4.7 The operation of NAND gate 26
Figure 5.1 The block diagram of the voltage regulator 30
Figure 5.2 Voltage regulator circuit(simulation) 30
Figure 5.3 The basic of transformer 31
Figure 5.4 The flux flowing 31
Figure 5.5 The center tap transformer 33
Figure 5.6 The bridge rectifier (use in this project) 35 Figure 5.7 The two diodes rectifier 35
Figure 5.8 Illustrates the average 36
Figure 5.9 The capacitor theory 37
Figure 5.10 Capacitor in open circuit 38
Figure 5.11 5V voltage regulator schematic diagram 39 Figure 5.12 The regulator circuit hardware 40
Figure 5.14 a- 4011b pin placements
b- Symbol and the truth table for NAND gate 43 Figure 5.15 The simulation of the activated level circuit for one
level only 45
Figure 5.16 The activated level circuit 45 Figure 5.17 The activated alarm circuit 46 Figure 5.18 The simulation of the activated alarm circuit 47 Figure 5.19 The simulation of the combined activated level circuit
and alarm circuit 48
Figure 5.20 Combination of the activated level and alarm circuit 48 Figure 5.21 Prototype of the water tank 49 Figure 5.22 The simulation of the full circuit 50 Figure 5.23 The picture after combination circuit 51
LIST OF TABLES
NO TITLE PAGE
Table 2.1 Differential water level activates alarm, water indicator
with alarm and water level indicator 8 Table 4.1 Summary of commonly used water level technologies 9
Table 6.1 The water indicator data 54
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF APPENDIX
NO TITLE PAGE
APPENDIX Datasheet 62
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project overvie w
1.2 Objectives of the project
1. To design the water alarm system with indicator
2. To explore the specific conductivity as level technologies. 3. To use water’s ability to conduct electricity
4. To build the house water tanks for home appliances.
5. To design the switching circuit that with the desired water level to trigger the alarm. 6. To monitor the level of water in a bath or cold storage tank.
1.3 Proble m statement
Nowadays, the house water tank is very important to keep water for daily use and in emergency cases like when the main pipe leaks. So, water level indicator is important to monitor the level of water in a bath or cold storage tank and to determine volume of balanced water in the tank. This project is to create water activated alarm system that use 240 Vac 50 Hz and with specific conductivity as the level technology. The water activated alarm system also can be used to monitor the level of another liquid in cold storage tank where temperature of the liquid is 25 Co .So,the water level activated alarm system not only used for water but its can be use for another liquid.
1.4 Scope of the project
1. To study the specific conductivity method
2. To design the circuit and combine it to create water activated alarm system uisng the specific conductivity method.
a. Regulator circuit
b. Water level control circuit
c. Synchronyse the project circuit with the tank
1.5 Thesis Outline
Chapter 1 briefly summarizes the project background and problems statements as well as it elaborates the objective and scope of the project.
Chapter 2 explains about the literature review. In this chapter it contains information about the water level detector. Beside that it has some information about the components that used for this project
. Chapter 3 explains about the project methodology. In this chapter it contains the progress of the project. The project methodology which is the most important part that describes the flow of the project is also discussed in detail in this chapter.
Chapter 4 discusses about the theory that is to be used in this project. Theory in this project involved about the specific conductivity, the filter, the voltage regulator, the gate logic and another related theory.
Chapter 5 explains about the hardware developments. In this chapter, the hardware components which are use in this project are explained in detail. Some results from simulation using MULTISIM 10 has been shown.
Chapter 6 shows the testing results after testing for the project circuit. Some results and analysis have been recorded in this chapter.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Wate r Level Indicator
Figure 2.1:Water level indicator circuit diagram
