The Analysis of Nick’s Character in Three of Ernest Hemingway Short Stories.

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It has been proved by Supervisor,

Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip. Appl. Ling., M.Hum. NIP. 19490423197412 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521126198112 1 001

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.

The examination is held on June 2011

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera Dean,

Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013197603 1 001

Board of Examiners Signature

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AUTHOR'S DECLARATION

I, FERRI IRAWAN, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where

the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material

published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have

qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main

text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another

degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ...……….

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : FERRI IRAWAN

Title of Paper : The Analysis of Nick’s Character in Three of Ernest

Hemingway Short Stories.

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion

of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Letters USU on

the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the

Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : ….………..

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

Kertas karya yang berjudul “The Analysis of Nick’s Character in Three of Ernest Hemingway’s Short Stories” ini membahas tentang karakter Nick yang terdapat didalam ketiga cerita pendek karya Ernest Hemingway yakni Fathers and Sons,

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah

SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength and ease to accomplish this

paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English

Department Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara.

Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

 My beloved parents, Ponijan and Misni thanks for the gen, supports,

loves prays, and finance. I present this paper for you.

 My beloved siblings, Budi Kurniawan and Harri Sugiarto. Thank you

for all your motivations and advices.

 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, MA as the Head of English Diploma Study

Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.

 Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip. Appl. Ling., M.Hum. as my supervisor. Thank

you for the valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics

in completing this paper.

 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., as the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of

Sumatera Utara.

 All lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and

knowledges.

 My lovely friends in Diploma III English study program, Riski Putra

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Laoli, Maryadi (maria-di Ozawa), Ahmad Hanafi (Kunep), Zaid M Nasution (believe or not), Cicik Kharani Noer, Yora Munirah and

Tyrha Rahsarina (as my aunts), Amelia Pratami, Karina Julianti Hrp

(lady Hardcore), Ikhsan Handaya (The Drunken Master) and many more. Thanks for your supports, madness, and happiness.

 My boarding-house mates, Harriono Abdurrahman (Bano), Idrus Sardi

Dalimunthe, Kurniawan Putra (Kukur), Arie Azhari Nst (Arus),

Muhammad Aidil Fitrah saragih (Muha).

 My Diploma III English study program’s organization, SOLIDAS. Thanks

for all my brothers and my sisters.

 My friends, Nana Fridayani, Oki Setiawan (Pohon Ciberut), Azhary

Azwar, Siti Syarifah Handayani, Syahriski Fahri Abda Sinaga

(Sengcok), Ratu Bulan Haspina, The Neck-Breakerz and many more. Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect.

Therefore, I welcome any constructive critics and suggestions towards this paper.

Medan, 2011

The writer,

Ferri Irawan

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

In literature is known the kinds of literature as Poetry, Drama and

Narrative. Narrative concludes Novel or romance, short story and novelette

(Wiyatmi. 2008: 27). In this paper the writer would like to describe one from

those kinds of narrative that is short story. According to Wikipedia, short story is

a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format. This

format tends to be more pointed than longer works of fiction, such as novellas (in

the 20th and 21st century sense) and novels. Short stories tend to be less complex

than novels. Usually a short story focuses on one incident, has a single plot, a

single setting, a small number of characters, and covers a short period of time.

In this paper, the writer will discuss three Short Stories. They are Fathers and Sons, The Killers, and A Way You’ll Never Be. They are written by Ernest Hemingway who is an American author and journalist. He won the Nobel Prize in

Literature in 1954. His writing style is characterized by short minimalism and

understatement and it also has significant influence in 20th century fiction. His

short stories like poetry which full of meaning, without act and informed like a

teacher. He doesn’t give conclusion which has been done about character,

background, plot or the themes. Hemingway's short stories which featured the

character Nick Adams were compiled in one volume and republished

posthumously in 1972. It includes 24 stories and sketches, 8 of which were

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The writer just takes three of Nick Adams short stories because they have

been translated in Indonesian. By during the time, the works of Hemingway,

especially his short stories have participated in vocabulary of Indonesian

translation literary.

In a literature there is a term which is known as Character. Character plays

a pivotal role in a drama, novel, short story and all kind narratives writing. In

short story, character as well as plot, theme, and setting. The character guides

readers through the story, helping them to understand plots and themes.

As the focus on this paper, the writer will analyze the main character,

namely Nick in those three of short stories. The writer also will analyze a brief of

plot and setting in those short stories.

1.2 Scope of the Study

In three of those short stories so many topics can be discussed. The writer

just limits to analyze about main character, namely Nick and a brief about of plot

and setting in those short stories. It is important to limit the topic in order to make

the paper easily and clearly understood for the readers.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

In writing this paper, the purpose of this study is as in the following:

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1.4 Significance of the Study

By writing this paper, the writer hopes can improve the information about

the main characters including the physic, status, and moral of them. By knowing

literary theory, it can improve the students to more interest in studying and enrich

about literature and also increased the habit for reading among the young people.

1.5 The Method of Research

In writing this paper the writer uses some research methods, such as

library research and from the internet. The writer has three steps in writing this

paper. First, the writer read three of short stories several times to make him

understand about the story. After having understood about it, the writer focuses to

analyze the main character then the writer makes conclusions about it from the

three short stories; Fathers and Sons, The Killers, and A Way You’ll Never Be.

Second, the writer reads and collects some information about the literature

especially the theory of analyzing character as his references. Three, the writer

browses data from internet to look for the compliment sources and also to know

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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Character

Most of the characters works of fiction are fictional characters. Character

is an important part in building a story although it is just the form of custom or

just the author's imagination. The character is not only serve to play a story, but

also serve to convey the idea, motif, plot, and theme. The continued development

of life sciences is also one of the reasons how the importance of the role of

characters as part highlighted by the author. The conflicts in a story which is

underlying the establishment of a plot, basically can not be separated from its

characters, both protagonist and antagonist. Therefore, the ability of authors to

describe the character of the story which is told in accordance with the demand of

the story can also be used as an indicator of the strength of a fictional story.

To assess the character can be seen by what is said and what is done. The identification is based on its consistency, in terms of consistency of attitude,

morality, behavior, and thinking to solve, to look and behave in the face of each

event. As quoted by Fananie (2001: 87), the character actors of fiction to emerge

from a number of events and how these characters react to events encountered.

Although the appearance of the character figures can not be separated from

the sequence of events, the model of expressing the character which is used by the

author can be varying. Muhammad Fananie stated that there are two kinds the

model of expressing the character. First, physical appearance, author can express

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characteristics that belongs. In this case, the author usually describes in detail the

behavior, background, family, life character at the beginning of the story, with

models like this before entering the core of the story, a rather complete image

about the character already possessed by the reader. This first model in the study

of literature is often called as Analytical. It means that the characters themselves

are described by the author. In other words, the author analyzes of the characters.

To assess whether the physical character in accordance with the character played

can be viewed from various aspects such as height, shape forehead, chin, mouth,

eyes, hands, feet and so on. On the one hand, physical interpretation can describe

the behaviors, although the attitudes are not disclosed by the author directly. For

example, the glaze eyes can detect that the person has a soft character. Thick

eyebrows can detect that the character figures are hard, and so forth. Therefore,

the search accuracy a physical description can be done by harmonizing with other

characters, such as how to talk, how to act, how to solve problems, and so forth.

Second, undescribed appearance, the author does not describe the

characteristic of the characters directly. Character is built through the habit of

thinking, ways of making decision in the face of every event, travel career, and the

relationship to other character, including comments from one character to another

character. To describe the characteristic of the characters in this model can not be

seen only in one event within a certain time unit, but must be seen from the

sequence of events as a whole. Model such as this is sometimes associated with

past events. From here, the author usually tries to portray the main character

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mind in stages that are connected in units of events. Author reveals character

figures flowed in tune with the situation faced by the characters, like how the

characters deal with certain problems, how patterns of thought, attitude

consistency, stream of consciousness, emotional changes, language in used in any

event faced. Through dialogues which are explained by author, readers will find

out the extent to which morality, mentality of thought, character and behavior of

its characters. In study literature, it is called dramatic model. (Muhammad

Fananie, 2000:87)

Characters in fiction are usually divided into several types. In accordance

with its involvement in the story is distinguished between the main character

(central) and additional character (peripheral). The character is called as the main

character if it fills the three conditions, namely: most involved with the meaning

or theme, most relate to other characters and most takes of the storytelling.

2.2 Plot

One of the most important elements in shaping a work of fiction is plot. In

the analysis of the story, sometimes the plot is called as groove. As quoted by

Fananie (2001:93), the plot is the construction which is made to read on of a

sequence of events that are logically and chronologically related, and caused or

experienced by actors. In the most general explanation, the plot or the groove is

often interpreted as an entire series of events contained in the story.

However, in a more specific explanation, the plot of a story is not just a

series of events contained in certain topics, but includes several factors causing

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complex. Fananie quoted from Crane theory, the plot is not only seen from the

course of an event. Further, plot should also be analyzed how the urgency of

events that appear are able to build a tension or conflict stories. In other words,

analysis of plot is not only seen from the position of one topic among other topics,

but also must be related to others element such as character actors, the author’s

thought that was reflected in his characters, diction, and narrative (2001: 94).

The series of events that associated with the development of character, the

thinking of the characters, problems faced, and the presentation of the order of

events that is flipped by the author is what will determine the extent to which the

power of a work story. In this relevancy, Fananie quoted from Propp that the

existence of a plot can not be only seen just from the structure, but also to be seen

from the function. This is based on Propp’s research of the plot of folklore.

According to Propp, the function of the plot is act dramatic persona that is based

on the significance of the point of view of a number of events that build the

overall of story (2001: 94). The harmonism or alignment between the structure

and function what is indicated as an aesthetic feel of the story.

In accordance by the arrangement of the event or its parts, the plot can be

divided into several types such as Chronological or progressive plot and

regressive or flashback plot. In a progressive plot, the event is arranged: the

early-middle-end whereas in the flashbacks plot, the event is arranged: early-early-middle-end

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1.3 Setting

In literature, the setting is one shaper element of the story that is very

important, because this element will be able to determine the general situation of a

work. As quoted by Burhan Nurgiantoro (1981:216), setting is called as foothold

on understanding the place, time relations, and social environment where the

occurrence of the events described. In a fiction work, setting is divided into three

kinds: place, time and society. Place is related to the geography, where the events

happen such as in town, country, and etc. Time is related to date, hour, day or

night, and history. The last, society is related to people’s life.

Although the setting is intended to identify the depicted situations in the

story, essentially the existence of setting element is not just a state where, when,

and how the situation of the events take the places, but it also related to the image

of tradition, character, social behavior, and public opinion at the time when story

is written. From the study of the setting would be known the extent of conformity

and correlation between behavior and temperament with the community leaders,

social situation, and opinion of society. Besides, the condition of the area,

geography, social structure also determines the characteristics or character of

certain figures. Therefore, the function of setting in a literary work can not be

separated from other problems such as, themes, characters, language, the use of

medium literary, and problems that arise, all of which are an unseparated part.

The successful setting must be integrated with the theme, character, style,

implication or the related of its philosophical, as quoted by Fananie (2001; 98) in

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dimensions that associated with the place, time, area, and certain people with

specific characteristics as a sequences of the environmental situation or era, way

of life, and ways of thinking.

To determine the accuracy of the setting in a work can be seen from

several indicators such as general locale, historical time, social circumstances.

Based on the indicators, that will be seen the suitability of elements forming the

story. If the indicators are applied in the study of setting of literary work, it does

not mean that the problem is seen only beyond the scene of the incident, while the

occurrence of events, and social situation, but also from its context relation to

people’s behavior and the characteristic of the characters according to the

situation when the work is created. Hence from the study that is conducted must

know the extent of fairness, logic of events, developments of character actors in

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3. THE ANALYSIS

3.1 The First Short Story “Fathers and Sons”

The story started when Nick was driving his car through a small town with

his son on Sunday. In the town, there was a sign to detour in the centre of the

main street. On the street, there was a traffic light and the street was made of

bricks. The town had heavy trees, so they shut out the sun and dampen for

stranger. Nick was continuing his trip to the highway. The banks of the highway

were red dirt sliced cleanly away and the second-growth timber on both sides.

Nick looked around the country and it reminded him to hunt quails there.

When reminded to hunt quails, Nick also reminded about his father who

taught him how to hunt it. Nick had a low memory to remember about his father’s

appearances. Nick only could remember his father’s eyes of the appearances of his

father, as quoted below:

“Hunting this country for quails as his father thought him, Nicholas Adams started thinking about his father. When he first thought about him it was always the eyes. The big frame, the quick movements, the wide shoulders the hooked, hawk nose, the beard that covered the weak chin, you never thought about – it was always the eyes.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:489)

One day, Nick was standing besides his father on one shore of the lake. The lake

had long shore-line, the higher timber behind and the point that guarded the bay.

In there, his father said to Nick that he could count the sheep on the hillside

toward the peninsula.

Nick loved his father. He remembered that his father has great eyes as an

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requirements, his father is very nervous. Then, he is sentimental, cruel and abused.

He thanks to his father whom taught him how to hunt and to fish but he cannot

write all about his father yet, as quoted below:

“Nick could not write about him yet, although he would, later, but the quail country made him remember him as he was when Nick was a boy and he was very grateful to him for two things: fishing and shooting.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:490)

And at thirty eight years old, Nick still loved to hunt and to fish, as quoted below:

“And now, at thirty eight, he loved to fish and to shoot exactly as much as when he first had gone with his father.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:490)

Nick was an emotional person when he was child and hunt with his father

and a squirrel bit his finger. He felt so angry to it. Once, he and his father were out

shooting together. Nick shot a red squirrel out of a hemlock tree. The squirrel fell

down, wounded, and when Nick picked it up, the squirrel bit Nick’s thumb. So,

Nick smacked it, as quoted below:

“The dirty little burger”, Nick said and smacked the squirrel’s head against the three. “Look how he bit me.”

(Ernest Hemingway, 1966:490)

Then, nick reminded about his Indian friends. In summer, Nick and his Indian

friends were hunting squirrel in Hemlock woods behind the Indian camp. It was

one of a virgin forest, the trees grew high, the ground was brown and clean. They

three lay against the trunk of the hemlock. In this scene Nick was described as an

emotional person too when Eddy Gilby were going to sleep in bed with his

daughter. One of his friends, Trudy said to Nick that Eddy were going to come

some night sleep in bed with Nick’s sister, Dorothy. Nick is very angry to hear

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“If Eddy Gilby ever comes at night and even speak to Dorothy, you know what I’d to do him? I’d kill him like this.” Nick cocked the gun and hardly taking aim pulled the trigger, blowing a hole as big as your hand in the head or belly of that half-breed bastard Eddie Gilby.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:493-494)

In this place, Nick also got his first sex education from one of his Indian friends,

Trudy.

After reminded about his Indian friends, Nick rode along the highway in

the car and it was getting dark. Nick was all trough thinking about his father.

Actually, Nick seldom thinking about his father except he feel alone.

Nick loved his father but he hated the smell of him, as quoted below:

“Once when he had to wear a suit of his father’s underwear that had gotten too small for his father it made him feel sick and he took it off and put it under two stones in creek and said that he had lost it.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:496)

Nick has told about it to his father when he had to put it on but his father said it

was freshly washed. When Nick came home from fishing without it and said he

lost it, he was whipped for lying.

After that event, he was very angry to his father. He tried to shot his father

when his father was sitting and reading newspaper, as quoted below:

“I can blow him to hell. I can kill him”. (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:496)

Finally he felt his anger go out of him and he felt a little sick about it being the

gun that his father had given him. Actually, there was only one person in his

family that he liked the smell, his sister.

Nick was startled when suddenly his son asked him about his childhood

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to hunt black squirrels and his father only gave him three bullets. They used to go

out nearly every day all one summer.

Nick kept the secret about his Indian friend, Trudy, when his son asked to

him how about they were like to be with, as quoted below:

“Those are funny names for Indians.” “Yes, aren’t they,” Nick said.

“But, tell me what they were like.”

“They were Ojibways,” Nick said. “And they were very nice.” “But, what were they like to be with?”

“It’s hard to say,” Nick Adams said. (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:497)

Nick was a wise person. He and his son had a chat about Nick’s father.

Nick said that his Father has many fiends of Indians, suddenly his son asked him

about how old he could get a shotgun and Nick answer it wisely, as quoted below:

“How old will I be when I get a shotgun and can hunt by my self?” “Twelve years old if a see you are careful.”

“I wish I was twelve now.” You will be, soon enough.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:498)

Nick told to his son that he proud to his father. Nick Father was a great

hunter and fisherman than him, as quoted below:

“What was he like?”

“He’s hard to describe. He was a great hunter and fisherman and he had wonderful eyes.”

“Was he greater than you?”

“He was a much better shot and his father was a great wing too.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:498)

And then, his son asked him again why they never went to pray at his grand

father’s tomb. Nick said to his son that his father’ tomb was in France, it was a

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feel good never to have even visited his grandfather’s tomb. Finally, Nick said to

his son that they would have to go.

In this “Fathers and Sons” short story, Nick was described as an American

who was thirty years old, married and had one son. Nick loved to fish and to hunt

which were taught by his father. He also loved his father because of those two

things. Nick was like a hunter and fisherman like his father too. Nick was

described as a sentimental, wise and love the family. This story also told about

Nick, his father and his son had a good relationship. They always gave a

something good to be taught to his son.

3.2 The Second Short Story “The Killers”

The story started when two men, Al and Max came in to Henry’s

lunch-room. It was located on summit. In the Henry’s lunch-room, there is window

which the street light could be seen from the inside, clock on the wall, the counter

and the wicket into the kitchen. Nick was in Henry‘s lunch-room and had been

talking with George when them came in, as quoted below:

“From the other end of the counter Nick Adams watched them. He had been talking to George when they came in.”

Then Al and Max order the foods to George. They debated to George about the

foods what they wanted to. George said that the foods they ordered were for

dinner, but it was still afternoon, as quoted below:

“I’ll have a roast pork tenderloin with apple sauce and mashed potatoes,” the first main said.

“It isn’t ready yet.”

“What the hell do you pout it on the card for?”

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After debated about the foods what they ordered for, Al decided to order the ham

and eggs, whereas Max ordered bacon and eggs.

Nick was an obedient person when Max ordered him to go around on the

other side of the counter and Nick did it, as quoted below:

“Hey, bright boy,” Max said to Nick. “You go around on the other side of the counter with your boy friend.”

“What’s the idea?” Nick asked. “There isn’t any idea.”

“You better go around, bright boy,” Al said. Nick went around behind the counter.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:279)

Then Max and Al asked to George who was in the kitchen and George said that

Sam was in it. George called Sam to come to the counter. After that, Al took Sam

and Nick back to kitchen. Meanwhile, Max and George had a chat on the counter.

Max said that they were going to kill a Swede, named Ole Andreson. They were

going to kill him for a friend, just oblige a friend. They have known that Ole

Andreson sometimes came there for dinner. In the kitchen, Al tied up Sam and

Nick like a couple of girl friends in the convent. After have been waiting so long

and Ole Andreson still did not come, Max and Al decided to went out.

Nick was incurious of that event after he and Sam were tied up by Al, as

quoted below:

“Nick stood up. He had never had a towel in his mouth before. “Say,” he said. “What the hell?” He was trying to swagger if off.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:286)

George told to Nick and Sam what the purpose of the killers that they were going

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Nick was an obedient person when he was asked by George to saw Ole

Andreson. After the killers, Al and Max went out from Henry’s lunch-room, he

was commended by George to go to Hirsch’s rooming-house to saw Ole

Andreson. Although Sam interdicted him but he still decided to went there, as

quoted below:

“Listen,” George said to Nick. “You better go see Ole Andreson.” “All right.”

“You better not have anything to do with it all, “Sam, the cook said. “You stay out of it.”

“I’ll go see him,” Nick said to George. “Where does he live?” The cook Turn away.”

“Little boys always know what they want to do,” he said. “He lives up at Hirsch’ rooming-house,” George said to Nick. “I’ll go up there.”

Nick walked in the street to Hirsch’s rooming-house. In the street, there

are light of the street, the bare branches of the tree and the tram tracks.

A moment later, Nick arrived at Hirch’s rooming-house. It was located

three houses up the street. There are two ladder-steps in front of the door and a

bell. Ole Andreson’s room was in the end of the corridor in the upstairs.

Nick was a kind person when he offered an advice to Ole Andreson. After

Nick arrived and saw Ole Andreson in his rented room, Nick told Ole about what

just had happened to him, Sam, and George. Nick also told him that the killers

were going to kill him but Ole Andreson did not give any responses. Nick give an

advice how if he called the police but Ole Andreson just said that was useless

thing, as quoted below:

“Don’t you want me to go and see the police?”

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“No. there ain’t anything to do.” “Maybe it was just a bluff.” “No, it ain’t just a bluff.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:287)

After Nick saw Ole Andreson in his rented room and he could not solve the

problem, he decided to come back to Henry’s lunch-room by through the same

street again.

Nick is a sensitive person when he took a pity of Ole’s fate. At the end of

the story, he came back from Hirsch’s rooming-house to Henry’s eating-house. He

told to George how the condition of Ole Andreson. He took a pity of Ole

Andreson, as quoted below:

“Did you tell him about it?” George asked.

“Sure. I told him but he knows what it’s all about.” “What’s he going to do?”

“Nothing.”

“They’ll kill him.” “I guess they will.”

He must have got mixed up in something in Chicago.” “I guess so,” Nick said.

“It’s a hell of a thing.”

“It’s an awful thing,” Nick said.” (Ernest Hemingway, 1966:288-289)

Because of that, Nick decided to go out from that town because he could not stand

with Ole’s fate, as quoted below:

“I wonder what he did?” Nick said.

“Double-crossed somebody. That’s why they kill them for.” “I’m going to get out of this town,” Nick said.

“Yes,” said George. “That’s good thing to do.”

“I can’t stand to think about him waiting in the room and knowing “He’s going to get it. It’s too damned awful.”

In The Killers short story, Nick was a waiter of Lunch room. Nick had

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Henry’s lunch-room. He is described as an obedient, kind, and a sensitive

character.

In this story, Nick had a good personality. Nick tried to persuade Ole

Andreson as a victim to run away from the killers who wanted to kill him. This

story also told in that time there were still so many the killers.

3.3 The Third Short Story “A Way You’ll Never Be”

The story started when Nick was coming along the road on his bicycle

from Fornaci. He went through the field and a town which had a recent battle site.

In the field, human corpses laid down alone or in clumps in the high grass of field,

stick bombs, helmets, rifles, and many more about the war equipments. In the

town, the houses were broken by shelling and the street had much rubble of

plaster, mortar and there were broken beams, broken tiles, and many holes, some

of them yellow edged from the mustard gas. There was no one in the town at all.

When he just went through a recent battle site, he did not see no one since he left

Fornaci. He was just alone. He only saw guns hidden under screens of mulberry

leaves to the left of the road. Then, Nick continued his journey and arrived at the

mud bank. In there, he met a young lieutenant.

Nick was a brave man when he refused the young lieutenant’s command to

keep his identity. In the mud bank, Nick saw a young lieutenant who pointed a

pistol at him and tries to keep Nick’s identity card but Nick refused it, as quoted

below:

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“Nick showed him tessera with photograph and identification and the seal of the third army. He took hold of it.

“I will keep this”

“You will not,” Nick said. “Give me back the card and put your gun away. There. In the holster”.

Then, Nick asked to the young lieutenant to take him to his company commander.

After had a hard conversation, finally had known that the company commander

was Captain Paravicini, Nick’s old friend. When Nick was taken to battalion

headquarters, Nick saw the young lieutenant’s pistol and made Nick’ nervous, as

quoted below:

“Put it away,” he said. “There’s the whole river them and you.”

“If I thought you were a spy I would shoot you now,” the second lieutenant said.

“Come on,” said Nick. “Let us go to the battalion.” This officer made him nervous.”

Nick saw Captain Paravicini in the dugout. In the dogout, there were table, bunk

and some soldiers. Nick told him about his duty that was supposed to move

around and let the enemy saw the American uniform.

Nick has traumatic experience. After Nick tells his duty to Captain

Paravicini, they were talking about their past. Nick and Captain Paravicini said

that they liked drunk. Suddenly, Nick remembered completely all events in the

past and did not want to continue it, as quoted below:

“Let’s not talk about how I am,” Nick said. “It’s subject I know too much about to want to think about it any more.”

Paravicini asked Nick to take a nap and said that it was not battalion headquarters

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Nick took a nap at a bunk. He remembered about the events in the past. He

was very disappointed that he felt this way and Captain Paravicini knew what he

felt about. Then, he remembered about the platoon of the class of 1899 with

Paravicini. When he remembered it all, he felt like crazy person. Nick was lost in

mind. He also remembered about the girl Gilby Delys, as quoted below:

“And there was Gaby Delys, oddly enough, with feathers on; you called me baby doll a year ago tadada you said that I was rather nice to know tadada with feathers on, with feathers off, the great Gaby, and my name’s Harry Pilcer, too, …”

It was not only that, Nick also has a traumatic experience in the past. It was not

about the front but that was about a girl, Gaby Delys, as quoted below:

“Then Paris part came earlier and he was not frightened of it except when she had gone off with some one else and the fear that they might take the same driver twice. That was what frightened about. Never about the front.”

After Nick remembered about his past, he sat up. Nick stared of the

adjutant, the signalers and two runners near the door. Actually, Nick was a kind

person. He tried to offer something to them, but he could not because he did not

bring anything except his uniform, as quoted below:

“I regret the absence of the chocolate, the postal-cards and cigarette, he said. “I am, however, wearing the uniform”

To calm down him self, Nick and the adjutant were talking about their

experiences. Nick told that he was an American and ordered to show the uniform.

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end of his story he gives a good advice to adjutant, the signalers, and the two

runners, as quoted below:

“Then, I would like to close on this note. In the words of that great soldier and gentlemen, Sir Henry Wilson: Gentlemen, either you must govern or you must be governed. Let me repeat it. Gentlemen, there is one thing I would like you to take with you as you leave this room. Gentlemen, either you must govern or you must be governed. That is all, gentlemen. Good day.”

Para was coming down the line of the sunken road to the dogout with the

two runners. Para asked Nick to come back to Fornaci and said that there was not

a duty for him in the front line. The day was still hot, so Paravicini said to Nick to

take a nap again. When Nick take a nap and closed his eyes, he started to

remember about the past again. Suddenly, Nick decided to comeback at that time.

Para tried to forbid Nick because the day was hot and he worried about Nick’s

condition but Nick consistent with his decision. Nick also did not want to make

difficulties for Para when Para offered someone to accompany Nick back to

Fornaci, as quoted below:

“It still hot to ride,” Captain Paravicini said.

“You don’t need to worry,” Nick said. ” I’m alright now for a quite while. I had one then but it was easy. They’re getting much better. I can tell when I’m going to have one because I talk too much.”

“I’ll send you a runner with you.” “I’d rather you didn’t. I know the way.” “You’ll be back soon?”

“Absolutely.” “Let me send ──”

“No,” said Nick. “As a mark of confidence” “Well, ciaou then”

“Ciaou,” said Nick

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In this short story, Nick was an ex-American soldier. He went from

Fornaci to demonstrate the American uniform in the front line. He was described

as a brave, kind, wise and had traumatic about his past during the war. This story

tells about that the war will make someone has a traumatic of it. It was because

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4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

After analyzing those three short stories; Fathers and Sons, The Killers

and A Way You’ll Never Be in the previous chapter, it is proved that the three Nicks in those three short stories are three different Nick. The first short story

“Fathers and Sons” Nick was as an American who was thirty years old, married

and had one son. Nick loved to fish and to hunt which were taught by his father.

He also loved his father because of those two things. Nick was like a hunter and

fisherman like his father too. Nick was described as a sentimental, wise and love

the family. This story also told about Nick, his father and his son had a good

relationship. They always gave a something good to be taught to his son. The

second short story “The Killers” Nick was a waiter of Lunch room. Nick had been

talking to George when the story happened and the two killers came in to Henry’s

lunch-room. He is described as an obedient, kind, and a sensitive character. In this

story, Nick had a good personality. Nick tried to persuade Ole Andreson as a

victim to runaway from the killers who wanted to kill him. This story also told in

that time there were still so many the killers. In the third short story “A Way

You’ll Never Be” Nick was an ex-American soldier. He went from Fornaci to

demonstrate the American uniform in the front line. He was described as a brave,

kind, wise and traumatic about his past during the war. This story tells about that

the war will make someone has a traumatic of it. It is because most of the war will

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three short stories are different figure and they lived in different place, time and

society.

4.2 Suggestions

At the end of this paper, the writer hopes that this paper will make the

reader know more about character, plot and also setting of the short story. The

writer realizes that this paper is still far away from being perfect. For that, in this

paper the writer tries to use the simple words to make the readers understand it

easily.

Finally, by read this paper the writer hopes that the readers are interested

in read a literature’s works or even they can make a literary as good as Ernest

Hemingway’s work. For beginners, by read the literature’s work we also can get

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REFERENCES

Buditjahja, Ursula Gyani. 2001. Kumpulan Cerita Pendek Ernest Hemingway Salju Kilimanjaro Terjemahan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Fananie, Zainuddin. 2001. Telaah Sastra. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.

Hadi, Sutrisno. 2004. Metodologi Research. Yogyakarta: Andi.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1966. The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Nurgiyantoro, Dr Burhan,M.PD. 1998.Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah

Mada University Press.

Semiawan. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Gramedia Widia Sarana Indonesia.

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APPENDICES

BIOGRAPHY OF ERNEST HEMINGWAY

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by

economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of

adventure and public image. He produced most of his work between the

mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.

Hemingway's fiction was successful because the characters he presented exhibited

authenticity that resonated with his audience. Many of his works are classics of

American literature. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and

two non-fiction works during his lifetime; a further three novels, four collections

of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.

Hemingway was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After leaving high

school he worked for a few months as a reporter for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War I,

which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. He was seriously wounded and returned home within the year. In 1922 Hemingway married Hadley

Richardson, the first of his four wives, and the couple moved to Paris, where he

worked as a foreign correspondent. During his time there he met and was

influenced by modernist writers and artists of the 1920s expatriate community

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THE SUMMARIES

1. The first short story “Fathers and Sons

This short story tells about Nick, his son, and his father. One day, Nick

and his son through a small town by a car. Nick drives his car and admiring the

fall scenery. He looks around the farming and timber country. It reminds him

about he used to hunt quails. While thinking quails hunting, it reminds him about

his father who taught him how to hunt it. Nick remembers the most striking thing

about his father were his deep-set eyes and extremely keen eyesight. Then, he

describes his father who is a nervous, sentimental, and cruel person. His father

died in a trap and was betrayed by everyone he knew.

Nick can’t write about his father yet because too many people are alive

who knew him, but he says that his father’s would be a good story to tell. Nick is

grateful to his father for teaching him about two things: fishing and shooting. His

father’s knowledge is very good about those things, but he doesn’t know about

sex at all. Then, Nick remembers that he received his first lessons in sex as an

adolescent from Trudy Gilby, one of his Indian friends, behind the Indian camp in

some hemlock woods when they was hunting squirrels.

While reminding his father and his Indian Friends, suddenly his son wakes

up and asks him how is about Nick’s childhood and his Indian friends. Nick tells

him that they used to go all day to hunt black squirrels and he also tells that his

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Nick’s son asks how about his grandfather looks like. Nick describes him

as a great hunter and fisherman, an even greater short than Nick. Then, his son

asks again, why they never go to pray at his grandfather’s tomb, as people do in

France. Nick says because it is not geographically convenient, and his son says he

wants to go anyway, and that he wants to be able to pray at Nick’s tomb as well.

Nick ends the story by saying that he sees they will have to go to his father’s

tomb.

2. The second short story “The Killers”

One day in the afternoon, two men, Al and Max come into Henry’s lunch

room and sit down at the counter. They debate about what to order with George

who runs the lunch room. Their choices are not available because it will be served

at 6 o’clock. George lists the available choices like sandwiches and the men order

ham, eggs, bacon, and eggs. They are like twin who wear derby hat, tight

overcoat, silk muffler and gloves. While they eat, they have a conversation with

George and Nick about this town.

Suddenly, they order Nick to around behind the counter and they inquire if

anyone else is in the kitchen. George tells that there is Sam, the cook, and he is

told to call Sam out to the counter. Then, Al takes Nick and Sam back into the

kitchen. George and Max soon have a conversation. George asks what’s it all

about and Max answers that they are going to kill Ole Anderson, a Swedish boxer,

for a "friend". They know that Ole Anderson comes there at 6 o’clock.

It’s 7 o’clock, and Ole Anderson doesn’t come by his usual hour of 6

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Hirsch's boarding house where he lives but Sam urges him to stay out of it. Nick

decides to go to Hirsch's boarding house.

In there, he meets Mrs. Bell who runs it. Nick finds Anderson lying in his

bed with all of his clothes on. Nick finds Anderson lying in his bed with all of his

clothes on. He tells all about Al and Max and their mission to him, but he does not

react, except to tell Nick not to do anything, as there is nothing that can be done.

Nick Leaves and talks briefly to Mrs. Bell about Ole Anderson. Nick goes back to

lunch room and tells George about Ole Anderson’s reaction. Nick can’t stand to

think about Ole Anderson’s fate, so he decides to leave the town.

3. The third short story “A Way You’ll Never Be”

One day, Nick Adams leaves Fornaci by cycling a bike and through a town

which have a recent battle site. He looks around and finds every piece of military

equipment scattered in everywhere. Then, he wants to know happened by see the

position of the dead. He is continuing his trip, immediately he meets a young

lieutenant who pulls a gun on him. Nick shows his identity card and the seal of the

third army, but the young lieutenant threatens to keep it. Nick demands the young

lieutenant in order to be taken Captain Paravicini.

After he meets Captain Paravicini, Nick tells the current assignment to

Paravicini. Nick is wearing the American uniform and supposes to move around

the battalion to make them believe other Americans are coming. Nick says to Para

that he was drunk in every attack. Para feels there are something wrongs with him

and thinks that Nick is not quite right. So, Para asks him about how is he really

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bunk. He is very disappointed that he feels this way and more disappointed, even,

that it is so obvious to Paravicini.

Nick sleeps fitfully, and his confusing dream recurs. Suddenly, the Paris

part comes early, it recalls him about the girlfriend but, more important, he

encounters images he has never seen—a long yellow house and a stable by a river.

Night after night, he sees them and they frighten him. When he is wakes up, he is

with some soldiers around him. They are talking about their experiences in war.

Afterwards, Nick reiterates his American uniform story and says that soon

American soldiers will be swarming like locusts. Actually, Nick calls the

grasshopper in America, is really a locust.

After telling the story, Nick removed his cloth-covered helmet and put it

on again and went out the low entrance of the dugout. Para comes with two

couriers. Para thinks that nick should go back. Nick tells himself that he should

The Analysis of Nick’s Character in Three of Ernest Hemingway Short Stories.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION

2.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

3.

THE ANALYSIS

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

REFERENCES

APPENDICES