THE EFFECT OF VISUAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS’
ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill the Partial Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
ARIE DWIUTAMI
Registration Number : 2113321003
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS
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ABSTRACT
Dwiutami, Arie. 2113321003. The Effect of Visual Media on Students’ Achievement in Writing Procedure Text. A Thesis. English Department Faculty of Languages and Art, State University of Medan. 2016.
This study focused on finding out the effect of Visual media on students’ achievement in writing procedure text. This study was conducted in experimental design. The population of this research was the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Stabat. There are 60 students of seventh grade as sample of the research. This study was conducted by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught by using Visual media (picture), while the control group was taught by using Video. The instrument of collecting the data was a written test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used scoring rubrics. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The calculation shown that t-observed is higher than t-table (3.52 > 2.00) at the level signivicance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom 58 (df = N-2). It means that there was a significant effect of using Visual media on students’ achievement in writing procedure text. So, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to Allah SWT for His uncountable blessing, love, strength given to the writer during her study and completing this thesis which entitled: The Effect of Visual Media on Students’ Achievement in Writing Procedure Text. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
In completing this thesis, the writer realized that she had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and comments, got a lot of assisttance and moral support from people around her. Therefore, the writer expresses her gratitude and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom., M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and her Thesis Advisor.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department.
Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Study Program and her Academic Advisor.
Rafika Dewi Nasution, S.Pd., M.Hum., her Thesis Advisor. Dr. Zainuddin, DIP.TEFL., M.Hum., her Reviewers. Rita Suswati, S.Pd., M.Hum., her Reviewers.
All the Lecturers of English and Literature Department who have taught, guided, and advice her throughout the academic year.
Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Pd., and Mr. Pantas, Administrative staff of unconditionally love and this thesis dedicated for her parents.
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Her best friends and fightful friends Anes Ginting, Efrida Siregar, Sarah Silaban, Megawati Siregar, Sirikit br Sembiring, Sameris Sitanggang, Fitri Apriani, Pevi Handayani, Anna Elisabet, Fauziah, Laura Atika, Desi thanks for always support and pray.
Her friends in Extention C 2011, for togetherness throughout the 4 years. Her friends in PPLT SMA Gotong Royong Kuala thanks for the
experiences shared. And also for those who cannot be mentioned one by one.
The writer realizes that, this thesis still has the paucity, she warmly welcomes any suggestions and advices that will improve the quality of this thesis. She hopes that this thesis will be useful for those who read and feel interested in the field of this study.
Medan, September 2016
The writer,
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E. The Significance of the Study... 5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Theoritical Framework... 6
1. Students’ Achivement... 6
a. Students’ Achievement in Writing... 7
2. Writing... 7
1). The Generic Structure of Procedure Text... 15
2). The Language Features of Procedure Text... 16
c. The Example of Procedure Text... 18
4. Media... 19
a. Visual Media... 21
b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Visual Media in Teaching-Learning Process... 22
c. Advantages and Disadvantages of Video in Teaching-LearningProcess... 23
B. The Relevant of Studies... 24
C. Conceptual Framework... 24
D. Hypothesis... 26
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B. Population and Sample... 27
C. The Source of Data... 28
D. The Instrument for Collecting Data... 28
E. Scoring the Test... 28
F. The procedure of Reseach... 31
1. Pre-test... 32
2. Treatment... 32
3. Post-test... 34
G. The Validity and Reliability of the Test... 34
1. Validity... 34
2. Reliability... 34
H. Technique of Analyzing Data... 36
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS A. Data Description... 37
B. Data Analysis... 38
1. Reliability of the Test... 38
2. Data Analysis by Using t-Test Formula... 39
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LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 1.1 ... 2
Table 3.1 ... 26
Table 3.2 ... 27
Table 3.3 ... 31
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LIST OF FIGURE
viii
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Page
Appendix A ... 46
Appendix B ... 47
Appendix C ... 49
Appendix D ... 50
Appendix E ... 51
Appendix F ... 54
Appendix G ... 56
Appendix H ... 58
Appendix I ... 59
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Languange has a very important role in human activities to communicate
with other people. It is used to expresstheir feelings, purposes, ideas, even in
spoken or written way. There are many languages all over the world and one of
them is English. English as an international language has been commonly used
not only in speaking but also in writing. In indonesia, English has been taught
from elementary school up to University level. But actually, there are still many
student who are not able to write in English well.
In learning English as a foreign language the four language skills must be
well-mastered by students. All of these language skills are very important to
everyone especially for students to become fluent in English. Writing is one of the
four langauge skills that plays a very important role in second language learning.
Harmer (2004:79) states that writing as a skill by far the most important
reason for teaching writing, of course, that is a basic language skill, just as
important as speaking, listening, and reading. Students need to know how to write
letters, how to put written reports together, how to reply to advertisements – and
increasingly, how to write using electronic media. They need to know some of
writings’ special conventions (punctiation, paragraph construction, etc.) just as
they need to know how to pronounce spoken English appropriately. Langan
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writing, the better you will write. Brown (2001:339) states that writing is a way of
life. Basically, writting is expression idea, opinion, experience, or information in
the mind of the writer into the form of written language.Writing skills are specific
abilities which help the students put their thoughts into words in a meaningful
form and to mentally interact with the message. It involves a different kind of
mental process (Khoii, 2011:494). There is more time to think, to reflect, to
prepare, to rehearse, to make mistakes, and to find alternatives.
The procedure text is one of the genres in writing that must be
well-mastered by the students. They must be able to write a procedure text in their
daily life, procedure text is used to make some steps or get something done. That
is why procedure text is very important to be learnt.
Based on the observation interm of preliminary data at SMP Negeri 1
Stabat, most of the students got faced the problem has to the simple paragraph in
procedure text especially to develop the structure of the text namely concerned
with the step or chronological idea to follow:
Table 1.1 The Grade VII students’ Scores of Writing Test
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On teaching learning process in the classroom, the teacher does not use the
media to learn about the procedure text. The teacher just using the book and the
whiteboard. The teacher still use the lecture method, they explain about the
meaning and the example of procedure text and then the students are asked to
write a procedure text.
Actually, the students were able to study English, but they could not prove
out their idea and thought specially in writing. Based on observation and
interview to teacher of English at the school, almost fifty percent of the students
got low marks in writing.It causes of the way of the teachers’ teaching does not
use media. The teaching was monotonous .The teachers were not able to create the
teaching. So, media is one ways that can be used by teachers to solve the problem,
especially the students will be more easily to arrange the sentences because the
improve their achivement in writing procedure text. There many ways that can be
done to teach procedure text. In this study, media is one of the tools that can be
applied. Various media can be used in a teaching-learning process such us
pictures, diagram, chart, and video. A teacher should have the right media to
present the topics to the students. This study will use visual media as the media to
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media because by using visual media that is a way to help students’ more easy to
arrange their text in procedure. By using picture, media can make students more
interest and accordance with the characteristic that can otive students learn. In
order to prepare picture as a class activity, ask the students in plenty of time to
look in for pictures relating to particular topics and the students’ can write the
procedure instead. Here, the students will work in groups. Each group choose any
pictures and put their pictures on the table, looking at the pictures one by one and
then students have ideas how to make something about what they want to write.
Keep in mind that learning will be comes easier with attractiveness activities
which make them really interest to learn.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the backgroundof the study, the problem of study is formulated as
the following, “Is there any significant effect of visual media on the students’
achievement in procedure text?”
C. The Objective of the Study
In relation to the problem of study, the objective of the study is to find out
the effect of visual media on students’ achievement in writing procedure text.
D. The Scope of the Study
There are many types of writing, such as narrative, descriptive, procedure,
argumentative, spoof, and others. This study basically focus on the effect of visual
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E. The Significance of the Study
Findings of this study are expected to be useful for :
1. Teachers of English, as the information in teaching procedure text
through applying visual media and teachers in English can motivate
their students in teaching procedure text.
2. The students in gaining the information about procedure text by
44 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Having analyzed the data, conclusion are drawn as the following:
1. It was found that visual media significantly affects the students’ ability in writing procedure text, since t-obs >t-table (p=0.05) df = 58, or 3.52 >
2.00 (p=0.05) df = 58.
2. The using of visual media in teaching procedure text writing in the
classroom enables the students’ to write systematically and guided to
write the text of procedure, to gather all the information about the how to
make something, process the information they have in mind and develop
it into good writing.
3. The students who were taught by using visual media had a higher
achievement than the students who were taught by using free media.
In other words, the visual media gave significant effect to the students’
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2. It is suggested for the English teacher to use visual media as an
alternative way in teaching writing skills and other type of writing.
3. The English teachers apply Visual media on their English Teaching
because these media help the students in understanding the procedure
text much better.
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