THE EFFECT OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT.

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THE EFFECT OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING METHOD ON

STUDENTS’

ACHIEVEMENT IN READING

COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

SUHERNA

Registration Number: 2113321052

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

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ABSTRACT

Suherna. 2113321052. The Effect of Reciprocal Teaching on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text. A Thesis English and Literature Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.

This study was intended to finding out the effect of applying the Reciprocal Teaching Method on the Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the first year students of SMP Negeri 2 Babalan. The sample of the research were two classes which consisted of experimental and control group which were chosen by using clustering technique. Thirty six students were taken as the sample in each class. The experimental group was taught by using Reciprocal Teaching Method. While the control group was taught by using Lecture Method. By using Kuder Richardson (KR 21) formula, it was obtained that the reliability of the test was 0.68 (high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation showed that t-obtained (7.094) was higher than t-table (1.994) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 70. The result of this study showed that Reciprocal Teaching Method was significantly affect on Students’ Reading Comprehension Achievement.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praises and greatest thanks to almighty Allah SWT, the most merciful who has blessed and given time, opportunity, and health so the researcher has finally completed this thesis. Thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).

In completing this thesis, the writer realizes that she cannot accomplish

this thesis without Allah’s blessing and supporting, loves, prayers from many

people, therefore the researcher would like to express her sincere gratitude to :

1. Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.

2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Languages and Arts Faculty, State University of Medan.

3. Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature Department and also as Examiner of this thesis, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department, Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Study Program.

4. Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., and Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., her Thesis Advisors for great care, guidance, and advices during the process of accomplishing this thesis.

5. Isli Iriani Indiah Pane, S.Pd.,M.Hum., her Academic Consultant and

also as Examiner, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed as Examiner.

6. All the Lecturers of English Department who have taught, guided, and advised her throughout the academic years.

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8. Suparmin Simatupang, S.Pd, M.Pd as the Headmaster of SMP Negeri 2 Babalan, Pangkalan Berandan, who has gave the permission to conduct this research in the school.

9. Maria Edita Sihombing, S.Pd as the English Teacher who has given the permission to conduct the research in her classes.

10.Her beloved wonderful parents, Junaidi and Remi for the struggle, loves, faithfulness, patience, prayers, supports, and everything in completing her education.

11.Her beloved brothers and sister Supratman, Suherman, Almh Suherti, Suherianto, Suwanda, her beloved aunt Lasma for their support and

prayers who always waiting her to get the Degree of SarjanaPendidikan. 12.All her best friends, Desy Mita Rahmani, Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung,

SPd, Tutwuri Situmeang, Shilvina Afriani, Ade Handayani

Manurung, Maya Rizkya Tanjung, Ummi Kalsum Lubis, her great

class Extention B 2011, PPLT Man Lima Puluh and all her friends in English and Literature Department who have gave her support and nice friendship.

Finally, the writer hopes this thesis will be useful for those who read it, especially for the students of English Department.

Medan, Februari 2016 The Writer

Suherna

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages

APPENDIX A ... 56

APPENDIX B ... 62

APPENDIX C ... 64

APPENDIX D ... 65

APPENDIX E ... 66

APPENDIX F ... 67

APPENDIX G ... 68

APPENDIX H ... 69

APPENDIX I ... 71

APPENDIX J ... 72

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 1.1 The Reading Score of students grade VII SMP ... 3

Table 2.1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Reciprocal Teaching Method and Lecture Method ... 29

Table 3.1 The Research Design ... 32

Table 3.2 The Treatment Procedure of Experimental Group ... 35

Table 3.3 The Treatment Procedure of Control Group ... 37

Table 3.3 The Specification of Instrument ... 43

Table 4.1 The Result of Experimental Group ... 46

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. It means that language is a tool or a system of communication for human beings. English is the international language in the world and one of foreign language for Indonesian. It is important to study by Indonesian students.

In teaching English, there are four skills that should be mastered by students, those are; Reading, writing, speaking and listening. Reading is one skill that difficult to understand by students. Reading is not just read the text only. Many students that still considered that reading is an activity read the text by their mouth without understand or comprehend what is text about or what is meaning of the text. That’s why many students that difficult to know to be good reader or

how to read correctly.

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know. Comprehension is always directed and controlled by the needs and purposes of individual.

Reading skill is one of important skill for students besides others skills in English, especially for Junior High School students. By reading, students can broaden their knowledge and get a lot of information. Therefore, it is very important to teach reading well to the students and make it interesting activities for students.

In the Educational Unit Educated Curriculum (KTSP) and written in the standard competence in the syllabus, students are expected to be able to comprehend the meaning of genre, such as descriptive, narrative and recount text in student’s daily life. The minimum exhaustiveness criterion which must be

achieved by the students for each indicator in one basic competence is 75%. In fact, based on researcher’s experience in teaching practice program (PPLT), most of the students were still hesitate to read or to comprehend the meaning on text and according to them that reading is very difficult to do. It is because they have no many vocabularies to translate the text and also they are lack of motivation or desire to practice reading skill. The effect when they were lack of that point is apparent. For teachers of English, it is very important to take into account the real needs and desires of students. Teaching all students to read is every school district’s highest curriculum.

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style, the students just read the story by themselves and answer the questions afterwards correctly. The ability to comprehend the text seems so low with that learning style. The writer attaches the students score in two semester academic year 2014-2015 below. The minimum criteria mastery (KKM) is 78.

Table 1.1 The Reading Score of Students grade VII SMP Semester Score Students Percentage Mean 1st Semester

Source: Students’ Accumulated Score of Grade VII of SMP N 2 Babalan academic year 2014/2015

This finding really proves that the students’ achievement in reading is low.

It is because the teacher still used the lecture method which can not improve students’ achievement in reading comprehension. The teacher did not want tried

to use the new method to make students more active and can improve their reading comprehension. Skills students should have knowledge in many aspects especially in academic terms. One of the ways to get more knowledge is by reading, because without reading they will find difficulties to get knowledge and without knowledge the students will find difficulties in achieving the good score.

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is because the researcher has been reading many references about Reciprocal Teaching method and the researcher supposed it can improve students’ achievement in reading comprehension.

Reciprocal teaching method has become an effective method to increase the students’ achievement on reading text. As cited in Padang (2014:3) a study

that focused on improving students’ achievement in reading comprehension through reciprocal teaching strategy has done by Sihombing (2011). On the result of this research, the students were poor in reading abilities because they have difficulties in finding the main idea of the text. After the writer applying reciprocal teaching method on that research, the students’ achievement in reading comprehension was improved. It means that reciprocal teaching can become an effective method to improve reading comprehension of students especially on descriptive text.

Concerning the explanation above, the researcher would like to conduct a study on reading comprehension of descriptive text by using Reciprocal Teaching Method that is expected to give a good effect to students’ reading comprehension especially on descriptive text.

B. The Problem of the Study

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C. The Objective of the Study

In relation to the problem above, the objective of the study is to find out the effect of Reciprocal Teaching Method on the students’ achievement in reading comprehension of descriptive text.

D. The Scope of the Study

There are many genres of writing learnt in the SMP (Junior High School) such as recount, narrative, procedure, descriptive, and etc. The scope of the study is focused in reading comprehension on descriptive text by applying the Reciprocal Teaching method.

E. The Significance of the Study

Based on the problem of study, this research has some significance: 1) For teachers, the method that used as an alternative teaching model or

teaching guide framework in teaching reading skill

2) For students, this method can used as an effective method to their reading comprehension especially on descriptive text.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

After analyzing the data, it was concluded that there was significant effect of reciprocal teaching method on students’ achievement in reading comprehension of descriptive text. It was found that the score of the students that taught by using reciprocal teaching method was higher after treated than the students taught by lecture method. It was proved by the result of t-test. The result of t-test calculation showed that t-observed value (7.094) was higher than t-table value (1.994) with α 0.05 and df = 70. It means that was accepted.

B. Suggestions

Based on the result of the research, there are suggestions which are

expected to : The first is the English teachers should be creative. So they can improve their ability in teaching reading by using suitable method to increase students’ reading

comprehension. In this case, Reciprocal Teaching Method which is help the teacher and the students’ work together to develop understanding of the text, so that the

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