SPLIT PERSONALITY IN ADRIENNE STOLTZ &
RON BASS’S NOVEL LUCID (2012)
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting the Graduate Degree of Language Department
at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
by
Isnaini Wahyu Palupi
S 200120070
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
GRADUATE SCHOOL
SPLIT PERSONALITY IN ADRIENNE STOLTZ & RON BASS’S NOVEL LUCID (2012)
ABSTRACT
The subject of the study is a novel entitled Lucid written by Adrienne Stoltz & Ron Bass that was published on October 2nd, 2012. The method of collecting data is library research and the technique of analyzing data is descriptive analysis. Then, the writer analyzes the data of hallucination according to American Psychiatric Association. The writer draws conclusion that first, the characteristic of the Lucid Novel have dual personality, the major character are Maggie and or Sloane. Sloane is a highschooler who lives in Mystic, Connecticut, and Maggie is an actress that lives in New York. Second, Sloane and Maggie have different personality based on dual identity: dual name and different friends; dual lifesytle: different fashion and visited place; dwelling place: different of consumption and leisure time; and dual personality: different of way of talking, way of life, way of behaving, and social relation. Third, Adrienne Stoltz and Ron Bass try to share the phenomenon of split personalities as a way to remind the reader that there are split personalities. Readers need to know the characteristics of split personality disorder and can be used as a criterion of personal character to evaluation. This is due to the behavior of multiple personality that often occurs outside the individual consciousness itself.
Keywords: split personality, psychology, Lucid Novel
ABSTRAK
Subjek penelitian ini adalah novel Lucid ditulis oleh Adrienne Stoltz & Ron Bass yang dipublikasikan pada tanggal 2 October 2012. Metode pengumpulan data adalah penelitian pustaka dan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Peneliti menganalisis data halusinasi berdasarkan American Psychiatric Association. Peneliti memberikan kesimpulan bahwa, pertama, karakteristik Novel Lucid memiliki kepribadian ganda, karakter utama adalah Maggie dan atau Sloane. Sloane adalah siswa sekolah tinggi yang tinggal di Mystic, Connecticut, dan Maggie adalah seorang aktris yang tinggal di New York. Kedua, Sloane dan Maggie memiliki kepribadian yang berbeda berdasarkan identitas ganda: nama ganda dan teman yang berbeda; gaya hidup ganda: fashion dan tempat favorit yang berbeda; Konsumsi dan waktu luang yang berbeda; dan kepribadian ganda: cara berbicara, cara hidup, cara berperilaku, dan hubungan sosial yang berbeda.
Ketiga, Adrienne Stoltz dan Ron Bass mencoba untuk berbagi fenomena
kepribadian ganda sebagai cara untuk mengingatkan pembaca bahwa kepribadian ganda itu memang ada. Pembaca perlu mengetahui karakteristik gangguan kepribadian ganda dan dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria karakter pribadi untuk evaluasi. Hal ini disebabkan perilaku kepribadian ganda yang sering terjadi di luar kesadaran individu itu sendiri.
1. INTRODUCTION
Study of split personality has a lot to do with the use of variations data
sources. Most researchers examined split personality based on data obtained in print
media, such as novel (Anggoro & Kurnia, 2016; Sandjaya & Limanta, 2013; and
Comellini, 2015), book (Jafari, 2013), others use data from film (Satriyadi, 2013).
Various studies of the split personality is based on the theory of Sigmund Freud.
Split personality commonly called multiple personality is two or more
distinct personalities exist within the same individual. Each of these alternate
personalities (also called alter personalities) has its own distinctive traits, manner
of speech, and memories. In some cases, there is a core personality that is
generally known to the outside world and hidden alternate personalities that reveal
themselves at certain times or in certain situations. Sometimes the alternate
personalities compete for control (Nevid, 2012: 432).
Lucid is a novel full of oddly disquieting moments. Sloane and Maggie have
never met. Sloane is a straight-A student with a big and loving family. Maggie
lives a glamorously independent life as an up-and-coming actress in New York.
The two girls couldn't be more different - except for one thing. They share a secret
that they can't tell a soul. At night, they dream that they're each other. The deeper
they're pulled into the promise of their own lives, the more their worlds begin to
blur dangerously together.
On Lucid the researcher will analyze the main character of the novel Lucid
that is Sloane and maggie. The novel is rich with psychological aspects that are
manifested in the characters acts and manners. Sloane is a bright student enjoying
the warmth and comfort of a supportive family and Maggie continues her
independent, somewhat improvised life as a promising young actress trying to
make it in the big city were merely symptoms of her state as not real person, but
only hallucination. So, the actual reason behind Sloane’s hallucination of Maggie
most reasonably involves her psychological problem and approaching it by this
point of view is far more logical concidering it supernaturally: her young age, her
sexual regression in the victorian era, her background, her lack of experience in
the job, her affection toward her master, and even toward miles are the reasons
2. METHODS
In this research, the writer uses a qualitative research. It is library research
while data sources are using literary data. It purposes to analyze the novel using
psychoanalytic perspective. Sutama (2012: 282) describes as a qualitative research
studies aimed to describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities
naturally.
The object of the study is Lucid novel directed by Adrienne Stoltz & Ron
Bass. Published in Los Angeles California 2012. The method of data collection is
library research, the steps are: reading the novel several time, and taking notes
from the material and some other resources related to the novel.
The technique used in analyzing the data is descriptive analysis. The
researcher analyzes the data of hallucination according to American Psychiatric
Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 4 th edition
(2000: 5-8).
3. RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Characteristics of Split Personality In The Lucid Novel
Based on the findings of the information in the novel, it is known that
multiple personality characteristics in Lucid novel is, there are two names for the
identity of one person. That person is Sloane Margaret Jameson. Sloane Margaret
Jameson in the novel later introduced as Maggie and as Sloane. In addition to
introducing as Maggie and Sloane, a secondary residence of the female figures
also have a different address. Maggie lived in Manhattan, New York, while
Sloane staying in Mystic, Connecticut.
Another characteristic that is told is that both have different professions.
Sloane described as a high school student, and Maggie told as an artist. Sloane
worked as a volunteer at an animal hospital clinic, while Maggie an artist who
lives in a big city glitz. Two personality in one person can be said split
personality. The meaning of split personality is a multiple personality disorder, a
neurosis in which the personality becomes dissociated into two or more distinct
part cash of which becomes dominant and controls behavior from time to time to
the exclusion of the other parts (Ahlers, 2014: 214). Split, or multiple personality
personality functions relatively well (except that it may not be aware of the
existence of other personalities), is reality-oriented, and lacks the hallucinations,
delusions, and thought disorganization characteristic of schizophrenia (Wahl,
2003: 15).
Solving personality or often also called multiple personality disorder, or
also known as the alter ego. Is a condition in which an individual personality split
that emerged another personality. Personality is usually an expression of the
personality of the main emerging as major private cannot realize the things you
want to do. In simple terms it can be said that there is one person who has a
private more than one or two of personal time. Sometimes the patient does not
know that he has a dual personality. Two individuals have in one's body also did
not know each other and worse, sometimes these two conflicting personal nature.
Dual personality is formed from a sense of traumatic childhood that
usually occurs between the ages of 4-6 years. As the result of previous study from
Jafari (2013) explain that The Freudian concepts unconscious and repression
introduced a split in the psyche between the conscious and the unconscious infant
present and ignores the conscious and the unconscious, which houses trauma.
Anggoro & Kurnia (2016) in their research found that Billy is a twenty
four-years-old boy who has more than one personality in his mind; every each
personality represents his feeling or accommodates his willing to facing problem
of life. He grows up in poverty and a sense in traumatic childhood, which usually
occurs between ages 4-6 years. The trauma was managed by creating something
that hurts another personality for accommodating all feelings.
Patients entertain her of something hurtful to create another personality for
accommodating all his feelings. Dual personality is someone trying to entertain
themselves by creating another personality that can accommodate all of her
feelings. The way we know ourselves has a double personality is if we had a
different behavior for different conditions or environment.
In the end, the psychologists of the 20th century refer to this phenomenon
as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD). Next, when the name was deemed no
longer, this phenomenon was given a new name, Dissociative Identity Disorder
as a child, as a result of physical or sexual violence are severe (abuse). But since
not everyone who experienced violence as a child suffering from DID, it is said
that there may be other things that are present among those who suffer from DID.
Some say the ease with which people are hypnotized facilitate the formation
Alters through self-hypnosis, others say people suffering from DID because it is
easy or likely to engage in fantasy.
As an adult, a person has character and personality that is strong enough to
face the problems of life. However, in children who were aged under seven years
old, it has not yet appeared force so that they will look for other ways to survive
against a traumatic experience, namely the dissociation. By using this way, a child
can create his conscious mind in spite of the terrible experience that happened to
him. According to Colin Ross, who wrote the book The Osiris Complex (1995),
the process of dissociation in children that leads to abnormalities DID consists of
two psychological processes.
We'll take sexual harassment experienced by a girl. First: the victims who
suffered the pain of repeatedly trying to deny the incident in his mind. Girls who
repeatedly sexually abused will try to deny this bitter experience in his mind. She
imagined herself "detached" from the body and from traumatic experiences. He
thinks being looked at other girls who were sexually abused. Here, a different new
identity began to emerge. The second process: a memory barrier between girls and
then built it with a new identity has been created. It is forming a new awareness
that prevented him remember the event, but a few other personalities who
remember
If sexual abuse continues, the victims will continue to dissociation even
in matters not related to the traumatic experience. If sexual abuse continues, this
process will continue to repeat that again created many new identities to resolve it.
When this dissociation becomes ingrained habit, the child will continue to create
new identities for things that are not related to traumatic experiences, such as
going to school or play with his friends.
3.2. Depiction of Split Personality in the Lucid novel
Split personality in the Lucid Novel can depicted based of her friends,
fashion, visited place, consumption, leisure time, way of talking, way of life, way
Table 1. Depiction of Split Personality in Lucid Novel
Num Indicators Specification Identity 1 Identity 2
1 Dual Identity Name Maggie Sloan
Friends Devin Cruikshank,
Andrea and Jason
Fashion She use Hervé Léger
bandage dress and some
Consumption Maggie like drinking red wine from a glass
She try to behaving an actress
She have a good social relation
The main cause of split personality of Margaret Sloane Jameson is because
she loss of a father figure. Her father died. The departure of this father figure to
the make Sloan lost lamented, lost people who can be believed.
Sloane have lost her father, the most important person in the world to her,
the one person could trust her with her problems. The relationship of Sloane with
her mother is so disconnected that she's basically a girlfriend and not even a
terribly close one. Sloane adore her sister, but she needs her and Sloane felt the
weight of that responsibility. Sloane had no truly close friends except for Andrew,
who was not around when she started this.
This result of research redundant Schomerus previous study, Denis
Kenzin, Julia Borsche Herbert Matschinger Matthias C. Angermeyer. The
phenomenon. 2007. The research, mentions that, one may psychoanalyze a
particular character within a literary work, but it is usually assumed such that all
the characters are mere projections of the author's psyche. Robert Albert Bloch
(April 5, 1917-September 23, 1994) was an American fiction writer, primarily of
crime, horror, fantasy and science. At ten years of age, living in Maywood, he
Attended a screening of Lon Chaney, Sir's film The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
late at night on his own. The scene of Chaney removing his mask Terrified the
young Bloch and sparked his interest in horror. This novel Psycho is one of the
first examples at full length of Bloch's use of modern urban horror relying on the
horrors of interior psychology rather than the supernatural, the which turned his
psychological approach literature in modern time comparatively unique.
The cause of the emergence of multiple personality disorder is not known
and much debated. The debate occurs mostly between supporters of the
hypothesis of "double personality is a reaction to trauma" with "memory
processing disorder". Sleep disorders are also considered to play a role in multiple
personalities. Changes in the environment also affects most patients with multiple
personalities.
Research is needed to determine the prevalence of disorders in those who
have never been in therapy and prevalence rates across cultures. Issues relating to
the epidemiology of multiple personality remains unresolved although there have
been studies for decades. The debate over the causes of multiple personality also
extends to disagreements over how these disorders are assessed and treated.
a. Developments trauma
People who are diagnosed as having multiple personalities is often
reported that they had experienced physical violence and harassment sexual,
especially in the early to middle childhood (although the accuracy of this
report is debated), had suffered from a serious medical illness, or other
traumatic events. Sexual trauma, physical, or psychological severe childhood
has been proposed as the cause of the development of consciousness,
memories, and emotions of the event, and an alternate personality or
Multiple personality disorder can be caused by severe stress. Post
traumatic stress disorder in adults can be a multiple personality disorder when
it occurs in children, probably because they use a strong imagination to cope
with the disorder. Experience extreme trauma can make of that appearance of
symptoms of multiple personality disorder or personality disorder. Lack of
social support is also considered as an important component triggers multiple
personalities. Parents are advised to embrace a child who experienced the
separation between the memories or experiences with consciousness.
b. Dual personalities in children
Multiple personality disorder is rarely diagnosed in children. This fact
is used as a reason to doubt the veracity of multiple personality disorder.
There are no studies on the comparison of the number of children who have a
split personality with the general population.
The fourth revised edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Associstion (DSM-IV-TR) criteria
for diagnosing multiple personality disorder diagnosis based on section 300.14
(dissociative disorders). Quite difficult to diagnose this disorder, because there is
no agreement on the definition of multiple personality disorder universally. Such
criteria include adults who repeatedly controlled by two or more identities or
personalities, accompanied by memory disorders will be important information
that is not caused by alkohol, drugs and other medical conditions. While the
diagnostic criteria for children also determine whether the symptoms were really a
disorder or simply the imagination of children. Diagnosis is usually made by a
mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychology through clinical
evaluation, interviews with family and friends, and other considerations. Interview
about personality assessment designed specifically (such as the SCID-D) can also
be used in the evaluation.
Multiple personality disorder is now more usually called dissociative
identity disorder. It is one of the more misunderstood mental illness, often
capturing the interest of writers and filmmakers, who tend to describe in its most
exaggerated form. What is most important to understand is that multiple
personality disorder is not schizophrenia. Both are often confused. However, in
Multiple personality disorder is almost always caused by trauma, or past
trauma such as early childhood sexual or physical abuse. When trauma occurs
during a long period of time, the affected person may begin to cope with
completely disconnecting from the event that caused the trauma. This can lead to
"alter" personality that separate the same people are well aware, or not aware of
the abuse. Alter can be like a little kid, strong, male, or female, and often appears
as a deterrent.
Psychiatrists make the difference between people who have some
personality, and believe they have some personality. In general, multiple
personality disorder is the belief on the part of the patient that several personalities
seem to have in themselves.
One of the main characteristics of multiple personality disorder is that
people seem "lost" time. They do not seem to realize that time has passed; but
someone observing them may see them acting in different ways. But the victims,
tend not to know what had happened. The central public personality seems the
most likely to separate if the person is faced with a situation that can evoke a
previous trauma, or if the person is still entangled in a traumatic situation.
Other symptoms of multiple personality disorder, including depression,
confusion, suicidal thoughts, phobias, different levels of ability to function
"normally," anxiety, and the treatment itself, such as alcoholism or drug abuse. In
addition, people with multiple personality disorder can harm themselves, have a
high degree of panic or panic attacks, have eating disorders or are prone to
headaches.
As depicted in the novel, multiple personality disorder seems to always
consist of a number of very different personalities, which is not always the case in
reality. Conversely, people with multiple personality disorder may pass from
greater awareness less, without putting on a different accent or assuming a
completely separate identity, though some who have different personalities.
Multiple personality disorder that produces crime, as presented in several
television series and with great effect in the Richard Gere movie Primal Fear
The main treatment for multiple personality disorder is therapy, which
may include play therapy, hypnosis, art therapy, and / or speech therapy.
Medication is usually not preferred because of the possibility of an overdose, and
because the dissociative state is not chemically. The goal is to get alters in
communication with one another, so that the person does not continue to separate
from reality. A secondary objective is to ensure the person is removed from the
ongoing traumatic situations, such as removing a child from a rough home.
When a person has a different personality reintegration, may still need
treatment, possibly drug therapy to treat the underlying psychological conditions
such as chronic depression or schizophrenia. However, while people are still "lost
time," drug therapy may be totally ineffective because people may not remember
to take the medication or may accidentally overdose.
Treatment is usually a long process, especially when a person has suffered
repeated trauma. It can take several years for patients to start feeling awake at all
times, actions and thoughts. However, clinical studies have shown that treatment
for multiple personality disorder effective, if these therapies continue to be
pursued.
a. Differential diagnosis of multiple personality
People diagnosed with multiple personality have an average of five to
seven comorbid disorders. Because of overlapping symptoms, differential
diagnoses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, personality
disorders restrictions, and Asperger's syndrome. Delusions or auditory
hallucinations are often misunderstood as an expression of a different
personality. Consistency identity or behavior, amnesia, hipnotisabilitas level,
and reports from family members can distinguish between multiple
personality with other conditions. Distinguishing DID with the pretense of
particular concern when a person is experiencing financial or legal problems.
Although the general auditory hallucinations experienced by people who have
a split personality, complex visual hallucinations may also occur. But unlike
with schizophrenia, people with multiple personality received all the
hallucinations of voices in his head, while the schizophrenics receive from the
Dual personality to be distinguished or determined if it has co
morbidity with various disorders including mood disorders (mood), madness,
anxiety disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders,
cognitive disorders, neurological disorders, epilepsy, etc.
b. Diagnosis of multiple personality controversy
Dual personality is the dissociative disorders the most controversial
and most controversial disorder in DSM-IV-TR. The main debate took place
between those who believe that multiple personality disorder is caused by the
stress of traumatic force the mind to split into more than one identity which
each consist of a series of memory with those who believe that the symptoms
of multiple personality are formed artificially by a particular practice or
patient felt he had multiple personalities.
Some psychiatrists believe that the multiple personalities appear
because of health problems. There are also saying that multiple personalities
are just suggestions from others. Treatment of multiple personalities is not
possible because based on anecdotal cases, opinions, and other things that are
not related to scientific matters.
3.3. The reason Adrienne Stoltz & Ron Bass address the split personality Lucid
Novel
In a Lucid novel, found no reason Adrienne Stoltz & Ron Bass displays
the story of multiple personalities. It is not even mentioned also the settlement of
the disease multiples Sloane’s. Adrienne Stoltz quotes in website said:
“It's hard to tell the difference between how we want someone to feel about us and how we actually feel about them. If the person is attractive, we always want them to want us, and sometimes we get so busy trying to make that happen, we forget to keep track of whether we actually want them or not. Plus, we always want what we're afraid we can't get.” (https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/5287305.Adrienne_Stoltz)
In the quote above, Adrienne Stoltz just said it's hard to tell the difference
between how a person perceives to be us and how we feel to be someone else. So,
Adrienne Stoltz & Ron Bass does not tell specifically how do the writer address
the split personality in the Lucid novel. The author intends for the reader to feel
find a way out to one another clash, buried dream inside Sloane and Maggie being
able to "switched places" in order to avoid things that are not fun throughout their
lives.
Reasons writes about the behavior of multiple personality disorder, in the
novel Lucid, no exist in the narrative novel. Posts dual behavior as outlined in the
novel, can only come from a growing phenomenon in society. Adrienne Stoltz &
Ron Bass try to share the phenomenon of split personalities as a way to remind
the reader that there are split personalities. Readers need to know the
characteristics of split personality disorder and can be used as a criterion of
personal character to evaluation. This is due to the behavior of multiple
personality that often occurs outside the individual consciousness itself.
In previous study from Al-Khazaali (2016) explain that the meaning of the
double and to trace the germination and the development of this term and its use
in world Literature in general and English Literature in particular, also tries to
shed light on the doppelganger (double) as a term its effect upon the novelists and
then, to focus upon the idea of duality or as it called later on split-personality due
to the theories of Sigmund Freud. Using the double as a technique in modern
novels is very significance. It shows the importance of psychology in literature by
using the unconscious mind of the main characters. In this respect, It is worth
mentioning that Conrad in Heart of Darkness has used the mirror-image, which
is one type of the double. Whereas in The Secret Sharer, he depicts the second
type of double, that is, double-by-duplication. In both novels, the double or alter
ego plays a positive role in the lives of the protagonists. With Virginia Woolf, the
case is different, simply because she has adopted the third type of double: split
personality. Using the technique of the stream of consciousness, Lucid novel is a
highly psychological novel. Freud's influence is more obvious in Lucid novel. In
spite of the fact that both writers have used their personal experience to depict the
theme of the double.
4. CONCLUSSION
This study investigated split personality characteristics in Split Personality
in Adrienne Stoltz & Ron Bass’s Novel Lucid (2012). The conclusion of the study
Firstly, the characteristic of split personality in the Lucid Novel. Mayor
character is Maggie and or Sloane. She has more than one personality. Two names
were use for identity in the novels of Lucid. Identity who experiences multiple
personalities in Lucid is Maggie and Sloan. The book revolves around two figures
that have very opposite personalities Sloane and Maggie. When Sloane was
asleep, she would dream about Maggie's activities. So did the opposite. It is
unclear who is dreaming of whom, who is real. Only if one stops his dream with
others then life will be gone. Obviously not, if Sloane to stop dreaming of the life
of Maggie then equal the life of Maggie will stop. So did the opposite.
Second, split personality in the Lucid novel can depicted based of her
friends, fashion, visited place, consumption, leisure time, way of talking, way of
life, way of behaving, and social relation. The split personality shows that major
character have double name, there are Maggie and Sloane. Maggie’s friends are
Devin Cruikshank, Andrea and Jason, different with Sloane’s friends are Bill,
Gordy, James Water, Jade and Nicole. Maggie likes use Hervé Léger bandage
dress and some killer McQueen heels and visits Rose Bar, but Sloane like getting
jeans and a cotton flowy top and visits Boston Museum of Science. Maggie like
drinking red wine from a glass, breakfast oatmeal or eggs and chili dog, while
Sloane like to eat the whole sandwich and pancakes. Maggie like lying on the
floor of her West Village apartment, listening to the absolute silence, while Sloane
like to take walk and study hard.
Split personality of dual personality in Lucid novel consists of way of
talking, way of life, way of behaving, and social relation. Way of talking Maggie
are discussion and dictating, while way of talking Sloane is discussion. Way of
life’s Maggie is glamour like an actress, but Sloane is a realistic girls. Way of
behaving of Maggie is try to behaving an actress, while Sloane is natural. Social
relation of Maggie are introvert girls, didn’t have much of a social life, and
antisocial girl, while Sloane have a good social relation.
Third, the reason Adrienne Stoltz & Ron Bass address the split personality
Lucid Novel. Adrienne Stoltz and Ron Bass try to share the phenomenon of split
personalities as a way to remind the reader that there are split personalities.
used as a criterion of personal character to evaluation. This is due to the behavior
of multiple personality that often occurs outside the individual consciousness
itself.
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