INTRINSIC ANALYSIS ON MICHELE AMAS’ POEMS BABIES AND THE UNBORN ONES
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Strata 1 (S1)
Hisbiyallah Gufron 105026000897
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH”
ABSTRACT
Hisbiyallah Gufron, 105026000897, Intrinsic Analysis on Michele Amas’ Poems, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2010.
The research is aimed at achieving comprehensive understanding regarding the use of intrinsic elements in building the theme intended to be delivered to the readers within the two poems of Michele Amas, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. It uses qualitative method which concerns in the effort of analysis the intrinsic elements of the poems and tabulates the data of poem. The data collected by the poem and will be analyzed qualitatively based on figure of speech and any related theory approaches.
The research discussed Michele Amas poems. The objectives of the research are to know about the intrinsic elements utilized in Michele Amas poems, to know the meaning of them, and their contribution in building the themes of the poems. Here the writer studied two poems as the objects of the study, they were: Babies and the Unborn Ones. Those poems were studied by using descriptive qualitative method and content analysis technique. Those poems are carefully and accurately analyzed using the intrinsic element theory. In this research, the writer found tone, diction and three figures of speech. Those are: symbol, metaphor and synecdoche. As the conclusion, the writer ascertains the dominant intrinsic elements in those poems are diction and symbol. Those dominant intrinsic elements give the contribution in building the theme. By understanding and delivering them, the writer able to unveil the theme. Furthermore, the two poems have different theme, the first poem, Babies, the theme is the devotion of parents in the care of babies. The second poem, The Unborn Ones, the theme is Bewildered to have children and risk occurs later.
APPROVEMENT
INTRINSIC ANALYSIS ON MICHELE AMAS’S POEMS Babies and the Unborn Ones
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Strata One (S1)
Hisbiyallah Gufron 105026000897
Approved by:
Inayatul Chusna, M. Hum. 19780126 200312 2 002
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH”
JAKARTA 2010
LEGALIZATION
The thesis entitled “Intrinsic Analysis on Michele Amas’ Poems, ‘Babies and the Unborn Ones’ ” has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on April 27, 2010. The thesis has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata 1.
Jakarta, April 27 2010
Examination Committee
Signature Date
1. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Chair Person) _________ _________ 19650919 200003 1 002
2. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Secretary) _________ _________ 19640710 199303 1 006
3. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum (Advisor) _________ _________ 19780126 200312 2 002
4. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Examiner I) _________ _________ 19640710 199303 1 006
5. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum (Examiner II) _________ _________ 19781003 200112 2 002
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the University or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Jakarta, 27th of April 2010
Hisbiyallah Gufron 105026000897
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise and thanks are Allah’s, the lord of the Lord of “Alamin (mankind, jinn and all that exists) and peace be upon the Master of the Messenger, Muhammad S.A.W.
The thesis is submitted in partial accomplishment of the requirements for the Strata 1 Degree to the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, English Letters Department State Islamic Unversity Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
In the terms of completion of his study, the writer would like to express his deepest gratitude to the Dean of Adab and Humaties Faculty, Dr. H. Abd. Wahid Hasyim, MAg, the Head of English Letters Department, Dr. M. Farkhan, M.Pd., the secretary of English Letters, Drs. A. Saefuddin, M.Pd., Mrs. Inayatul Chusna, M Hum, and to all my lecturers who have taught him a lot of things during his study.
The writer’s family deserves his deepest esteem more than who ever (Zuhri Al-Anshari, Nyai Shafwatunnisa, Aulia Rahman Farid, Ayatullah Qori and Nenden Maulida Fitria), since they who always support the writer; financially, morally and spiritually. This is the only his initial step to the future.
Additionally, the writer is heartily thankful to the individuals too numerous to mention who have given suggestions, corrections, and criticisms, especially, Mrs. Inayatul Chusna, M Hum., as the writer’s thesis advisor, whose guidance, patience,
support and encouragement from the initial to the final level enabled him to develop an understanding of the subject.
The writer is indebted to many of his colleagues to support him: the student of class A 2005 for being his classmates – the writer really enjoyed the four – year - friendship with all you guys, Kasmir, M. Qushoy, Aden, Mashuri, Nur Ali Basmalah, Iqbal, and Yousef for being the immortal fellows, and special thanks for Lela who always give the best in every part of the writer life, also Dewirini, Jay, Ayunk, Galih,Yeni, Fanny, Eni for laughs and every funniest things you guys brought.
Lastly, The writer offers his regards and blessings to all of those who supported him in any respect—his friends; Mr. Didi KH, Mr. Suhendi, Mr. Ooz, Mr. Fauzi for being kinds and for the treatments, vendors, typing, internet, and librarians, Adab and Humanities Faculty staffs for being kind during the completion this thesis.
Jakarta, April 2010
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ……… i
APPROVEMENT ……… ii
LEGALIZATION ……… iii
DECLARATION ……… iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……… v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………. vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ………... 1
A. Background of the study ………... 1
B. Focus of the study ……… 3
C. Research Questions ………... 3
D. Significance of the study ……….. 4
E. Research Methodology ………. 4
1. Objective of the research………. 4
2. Method of the research.………. 4
3. Data analysis ………... 4
4. Instrument of the research ……….. 5
5. Unit Analysis ………... 5
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……… 6
1. The Meaning of poetry ……….. 6
2. The Intrinsic Element of Poetry ……… 7
a. Tone ………. 8
b. Diction ………. 9
viii
c. Figure of speech ……….. 10
1. Metaphor ………... 11
2. Synecdoche ………... 11
3. Symbol ……….. 14
Theme ………. 15
3. Explication ……….. 17
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS ……….. 18
A. Babies ………... 18
1. Explication of Babies ……… 17
2. Table Data Description of Babies ………. 19
3. Intrinsic Elements in Babies ……….. 19
4. Intrinsic Elements Contributing in building the theme …….. 25
B. The Unborn Ones……… 27
1. Explication of Babies ……… 27
2. Table Data Description of Babies ………. 29
3. Intrinsic Elements in Babies ……….. 29
4. Intrinsic Elements Contributing in building the theme …….. 32
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS ………. 34
A. Conclusions………... ……. 34
B. Suggestions ………... 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……… 37
1 ABSTRACT
Hisbiyallah Gufron, 105026000897, Intrinsic Analysis on Michele Amas’ Poems, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2010.
The research is aimed at achieving comprehensive understanding regarding the use of intrinsic elements in building the theme intended to be delivered to the readers within the two poems of Michele Amas, “Babies and The Unborn Ones”. It uses qualitative method which concerns in the effort of analysis the intrinsic elements of the poems and tabulates the data of poem. The data collected by the poem and will be analyzed qualitatively based on figure of speech and any related theory approaches.
2
A. Background of the study
Poetry is one of literary works that more superiority than the other works, because inside the word in poetry there is language that says more and says it more intensely than ordinary language.1 It means the language in the poem needs more effort. Poetry is written to be enjoyed because in poem usually used supported elements to enrich the meaning and bring the reader imagination to her or his minds.
“The point about poetry and the other form of literature is that the choice of words and elements inside which used by the author”.2 To create a good poetry, a poet usually used supported elements in poem that usually called by intrinsic elements such as figure of speech, diction and tone to enrich the meaning and made the reader feels easy to understand what the poet means. In this Thesis, the writer would analysis two poems by Michele Amas’ entitled The Babies and Unborn ones. Those poems are similar in some ways and different in others. Especially, figure of speech, tone and diction.
The intrinsic element has important rules in analyzing the real meaning of the poem, because by analyzing the intrinsic element the writer will be unveil the message in the poem. In this Thesis the writer tries to make connections between texts or ideas, engage in critical thinking, and go beyond more description or summary to generate interested analysis. The writer also focuses on the words of
1
Laurence Perrine, and R. A. R.P Sound and sense: An Introduction to poetry, 8th ed. (Florida: Harcourt Brace College publisher, 1992),p.3.
2
3
text rather than fact about the author’s life or the biographical in which it was written. In the word of the texts, the writer can explore every stanza, line and word with his own analysis. The poem needs to be discussed and analyzed directly by the writer himself, and the writer understands the message and the depth of true meaning contain on the poem.
The writer would pay attention to the formal features of the text, tone and diction. So, by using descriptive qualitative method, the writer able to analyze two Michele Amas’ poems collected in the main title “Daughter”.
Michele Amas is a poet. She has a background in performing arts and has worked as an actor and director for theatre, television and radio. Her poem ‘Daugther’ was selected for Best New Zealand poems 2005. In these poems, the writer assumes that Michele Amas poems use diction, tone and figure of speech to enrich her poems. Therefore, the writer becomes interested in analyzing the intrinsic element on Michele Amas’ poem.
B. Research Methodology
Based on the research question above, the writer has the objectives of the research as follows; to describe about the dominant of intrinsic elements utilized in the poems of babies and the unborn ones and to know their contribution in building the themes between of the poems of babies and the unborn ones.
4
capture the major categories of information. The data are collected from the sentences that contain intrinsic element in the poem, and then the writer will identify and interpret those to find out the intrinsic elements and theme of the poems.
The instrument of the research is the writer uses himself by identifying the occurrences of intrinsic element and finding out the theme in the poems throughout many ways such as reading, pointing out, classifying and understanding the poems.
The unit of analysis of this thesis is two poems by Michele Amas’ entitled The Babies and Unborn ones published in New Zealand 2005. The poems accessed on the website, http://www.victoria.ac.nz.
In this research the writer uses intrinsic analysis by reading the poems several times and finding out the sentences that use the intrinsic element, then the writer will present the meaning of the sentences that contain intrinsic element and discusses kinds of dominant intrinsic elements in Michele Amas’ poems and their contribution in building the themes of the poems.
5
C. Theoretical Framework 1. The Meaning of Poetry
Laurence Perrine defines poetry as “a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than ordinary language.” 3 Poetry can both broaden and intensify experience, or it might present a range of experiences beyond the realm of personal possibility for the individual listener. It can also illuminate, clarify, deepen an everyday occurrence in a way the reader never considered, making the reader see more and feel more than ever before.
2. The Intrinsic elements of poetry
The intrinsic elements are the analysis of the literature itself without looking the relation with the external aspect.4 In the intrinsic elements the readers have to analyze several elements. Such as, figure of speech, tone, diction and etc.
There are several elements which make up a good poem. In brief, they are described below.
a. Tone
Tone , in literature, may be defined as the writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or toward herself/himself.5
3
Laurence Perrine, and R. A. R.P Sound and sense: An Introduction to poetry, 8th ed. (Florida: Harcourt Brace College publisher, 1992),p.3.
4
Stanton Robert, An Introduction to Fiction, (New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston, inc, 1965), p. 11
5
6
b. Diction
Diction, in its origin, primary meaning, refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression.6
c. Figure of speech
A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it.7
There are several kinds of figure of speech 1) Metaphor
2) Synecdoche 3) Symbol d. Theme
Theme is the central idea of literary work.8 It is the idea, which is embodied in the total of the poem. This is what the poem is all about.
3. Explication
An explication has been defined as an examination of a work of literature for knowledge of each part, for the relations of these parts to each other, and for their relations to the whole.9
6
Judith A. Stanford, Responding To literature: Story, poems, plays and essays (New York: McGraw Hill,: 2003), p. 47
7
http://grammar.about.com/od/rhetoricstyle/a/20figures.htm. accessed on April 27, 09
8
7 D. Research Finding
A. Babies
Line Stanza It’s a feast or a famine 1
with sperm 2
wouldn’t you say? 3
Some days they can lap at your feet 4 other days are shorter. 5
1
I see flakes of babies 6
on hands 7
on shirt fronts 8
on benches 9
on car back-seats. 10
2
The old guy, toothless and cursing 11 wearing socks and jandals 12
is full of babies. 13
3
The college boy 14
has left babies 15
on his sheets this morning. 16
4
1. Explication of Babies
Babies was published in 2005. This poem is about the family life and the way to spend the time in the care the babies. It is about the speaker and some people with their domestic life’s activities. Starting from the first stanza: “It’s a feast or a famine”. The poem introduces the sense of the speaker. Here, feast becomes an indication of pleasure or happiness of someone who has got a baby. While, famine pair with more emphasize on a dislike or a disturbing sense of comfort. The second line emphasizes the real explanation of those words, “With sperm”.
9
8
Here, the speaker explains the activities of some one that stated in the next stanza. In the third line, “wouldn’t you say?” The speaker asks some one as the object about the result that will happen next. The speaker also describe the possibilities thing occurs later, there are goodness. The goodness and feel comfort explained in the line 4 “Some days they can lap at your feet”. This word also has been emphasizing with the line 5 “other days are shorter”. Second stanza, the speaker describes the behavior of the babies with the variety ways “On hand, on shirt fronts, on benches, on the car back-seats”. Those statements were starting with “I see flakes of babies”. Here, the speaker itself that see the babies and their behaviors. Third stanza, the speaker mentioned badness thing, the speaker shows in the line 12-13. “wearing socks and jandals/ is full of babies. Those line starting with “The old guy, toothless and cursing”.
In the last stanza, the speaker talks more about the object of her explanation in this poem. The object here is “the college boy”. Here, the college boy was explained about the immoral acts done. The college boy also leaves a baby with no responsibility. The action of leave a baby, the reader can see in the line 15-16 “has left babies/ on his sheets this morning”.
2. Intrinsic Elements in Babies
9 1.Metaphor
This poem described a baby with two contradictory things. That is, the feast with famine. Feast more emphasize to something that is happy or pleasure: when someone has a baby or they feel something different in they life. There are many things that will happen when the child is born, to grow up, such as whining, hitting, bitting, yelling, and demanding attention. There is pleasure from nurturing the child, and also happiness when getting entertains from the baby. It is also emphasized in the next verses such as: "Some days they can lap at your feet".
Michele Amas compares the feast of having babywith famine. The shape of this aversion seen from the next stanza in which the old guys as people who feel disturbed, as in the phrase: "The old guy, toothless and wearing cursing shock and jandals is full of babies".
2.Symbol
10 3.Diction
There are two data found in this poem. Feast and Famine (line 1 stanza 1) and the college boy (line 14 stanzas 4). In one side, the writer might interpret the attributing of Feast and Famine as Metaphor and the college as a symbol, but it also could be interpret as diction. Here the feast and famine and college boy was not literary work only, but it more than what it was.
Feast and Famine are used to explain about two things with different context and meaning. Michele Amas, describe about Feast with the meaning of religious festival and famine with serious shortage of food. In the formal lexical the word feast is to describe about the situation in the religious part and it was sacral activities. In this poem feast becomes an indication of pleasure or happiness of someone who has got a baby. The reader can see that the continuation of happiness poem below: “Some day they can lap at your feet”. In this stanza, feast is further clear that represent of fun and happiness. Beside this, Amas also used the comparison of happiness with the sadness. In the whole life, there were goodness and badness. It is also not free from life's lessons, where there is love then there must be grief.
11
famine which representing misery or make other people affected, as in the word.“ The old guy, toothless and cursing/ wearing socks and jandals/ is full of babies”.
4.Synecdoche
The word Flakes according to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means a small, very thin layer or piece of something. Flakes of babies seemed to refer in part to the overall object. Target object here is the flakes of babies, the pieces or flakes contained in this poem as if it represents many of those babies are in place; these infants represent fragments of the overall nature of the baby. That is why it is called a synecdoche. Because of these flakes, this means pieces mentioned in part for the whole object (babies). In the second stanza also explained about how the baby's behavior with variety ways, there was the buckle, carry, on the back of the car seat and so forth or in a poem such as: “On hand, on shirt fronts, on benches, on the car back-seats” .
3.The Intrinsic elements contributing in building the theme in Babies
12 B. The Unborn Ones
Line Stanza The brothers and sisters 1
how stupid of them 2
to leave it up to me. 3
1
Stupid too 4
the German psychologist’s 5
advice. 6 2
One child will now 7
Bury her parents. 8
3
The brothers and sisters 9 10 Salty baby mammals
Have returned to the sea turning into little grey whales.
11 12
4
1. Explication of The Unborn Ones
The Unborn Ones was published in 2005. This poem is about the domestic life and bewildered becoming the parents. It is about the speaker and some people with their life’s activities. Starting from the first stanza: “The brothers and sisters”. The poem introduces about the purposes of the poem are to tells something to the brothers as represent the man and the sisters as represent the woman. In line 2-3: “how stupid of them/ to leave it up to me”. The speaker tells to the readers about the silliness of the brother and sister. The kinds of silliness here stated in the word to leave it up to me. The word ‘it’ may refers to the problem that will be leaved.
13
psychologist and ask about solving of their problem, but the psychologist answer that problem with the word stupid too. That word may explain the faults of the brother and sisters with something that they have done.
In the third stanza, the speaker talks more about the result that occurs later. “One child will now/Bury her parents”. The speaker tries to describe the happening that occur later if the brother and sisters leaving the problem. It consequences that the child will forget their parents because they don’t know who and where is his/her parent. In the last stanza, “ The brothers and sisters/Salty baby mammals/Have return to the sea”. The speaker tells to the brother and sisters that the child sad with the acts of the brothers and sisters to ignorance about the problem of having child. The word ‘salty baby mammals ’ is represent the tears of a baby that was crying, because the taste of tears is salt and mammals as the represent of human itself, because human is a mammal. And the word ‘sea’ is the word to emphasize that the child if they do not acceptable with their parents they want to ask to return to the uterus. In the last line: “turning into little grey whales”. The child will be going back the sperm.
2. The Intrinsic elements in The Unborn Ones
The intrinsic elements in this poem help the reader easily to understand the theme which is the point of that poem. These are the several intrinsic elements build in the poem The Unborn Ones.
1. Symbol
14
line 11 stanza 4: to the sea. Salty here used explain about the baby that crying, where Amas used it previously, in stanza 3 lines 7. Salty baby mammals were not literary only, but it more than what it were as the stanzas bellow:
One child will now Bury her parents. Salty baby mammals have returned to the sea turning into little grey whales.
Here, salty in use to replace the word tears, because the taste of tears is salt. The word “baby’ has made clear that the object of someone which is crying is the baby. In the last sentence, the word mammals explains about the human that life is like mammals, because human is mammals. This word expressed the new idea with different atmosphere. The salty baby mammals, of course, had a symbolic dimension. The phrase salty baby mammals does not merely mean animal but it refers to the word crying child on the previous line. In this case, the attitude of the salty baby mammals has the same character or habit with human being.
15
The readers may conclude that the sea in this poem is a symbol because in the previous stanza, Amas explain a salty baby mammal that has returned to their habits (sea) or the baby that does not accept but their parents plan to ignorance and the baby if they can to ask they want to return to the uterus before they born yet.
2. Tone
Tone in this poem is to consider the speaker’s literal “tone of voice” as with tone of voice. Tone may indicate an attitude of upset and silliness.
The brothers and sisters how stupid of them to leave it up to me Stupid too
the German psychologist’s advice.
Here, the word stupid is a tone to emphasize the voice of silliness. The silliness voice may indicate that someone feels something stupid action. Here, is about the act of the brother and sister (see the first line). The brothers and sister has left their problem to the speaker. The reader can see this analysis in the first stanza. “to leave it up to me”. The reader might regard it as the silliness action.
3. The Intrinsic elements contributing in building the theme in The Unborn Ones
16
theme in the second poem is “Bewildered to have children and risk occurs later”. E. Conclusion and Suggestion
1. Conclusions
After analyzing from chapter before, the writer concludes that the two poems by Michele Amas “Babies and The Unborn Ones” consist deep meaning in every poem. The intrinsic elements in every parts of poem used by Michele Amas mostly used two dictions and one tone, and figure of speech such as, one metaphor, three symbols and one synecdoche to conveyed the philosophical idea that happen generally in the teenager or the domestic family life.
The dominant intrinsic elements in those poems are diction and symbol. Amas perhaps use that dominant intrinsic element to more sensuous than ordinary language and the meaning more than what it was.
2. Suggestions
17 F. Bibliography
Conecticut, Danbury. Encyclopedia Americana International Edition. USA: Scholastic Library Publishing. Inc, 1829.
DiYanni, Robert, Literature:Reading Fiction, poetry and drama. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 2002.
Effendi. Bimbingan Apresiasi Puisi. Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. 2002.
Endaswara, Suwardi. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Widyatama, 2003.
Farkhan,Muhammad. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella Jakarta, 2007.
Farkhan, Muhammad. Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: Cella Jakarta, 2006.
Gill, Richard, Mastering English Literature. New York: Mac Millan. Press ltd, 1995.
Hewitt, A.H. coming to term with poetry. Lecturer in English Australian National University, 1965.
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, diterbitkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, 1975.
Perrine, Laurence and Thomas R.ARP, Sound and Sense: An Introduction to poetry 8th edition. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1992.
Robert, Stanton, An Introduction to Fiction, New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston, inc. 1965.
Stanford, Judith A. Responding To literature: Story, poems, plays and essays. New York: McGraw Hill, 2003.
18 Website:
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/modernletters/bnzp/2005/amas-note.htm
http://classiclit.about.com/od/literaryterms/g/aa_whatisliter.html/ 25/02/09
http://www.geocities.com/athens/parthenon/9502/figrtv.html/01/06/09
CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DETAILS
Name : HISBIYALLAH GUFRON Place and date of birth : Tangerang, March 26 1986 Gender : Male
Religion : Islam Marital Status : Unmarried Nationality : Indonesia
Address : Jl. Raya Serang KM. 31 Kp/Ds. Dangdeur RT. 004/01 Jayanti – Tangerang Banten 15610.
Hand phone : 0856-1767-041 Phone : 021 5953707
Email : Hisbi_h2i@yahoo.co.id
PARENTS
a. Father : ZUHRI AL-ANSHARI Occupation : Entrepreneur
Last Education : Senior High School
b. Mother : NYAI SHAFWATUNNISA Occupation : Entrepreneur
Last Education : Elementary School
Homes address Jl. Raya Serang KM. 31 Kp/Ds. Dangdeur RT. 004/01 Jayanti – Tangerang Banten 15610.
Phone : 021 5953707
20 FORMAL EDUCATION
University/school Faculty/Majoring Year
Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
English Letters
Department 2005-2010 MAN 2 (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2)
Serang
Social
2002-2005
MTs. Nurul Haq Balaraja - 1998-2001
SDN 1 Dangdeur - 1992-1998
ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCES
Year Position 2003 - 2004 DPH Osis at MAN 2 SERANG
2005-2006 Committee of Café Bahasa State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
2005 – 2009 HMI (HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA ISLAM KOFAH) 2006-2007 Publish and Pers Department at BEM-J English Letters
Department State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 2006-2008 The commitee of FORCE (FORUM REMAJA CERIA)
BANTEN.
2007-2008 Secretary of BEM-J English Letters Department State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
2008-2009 Art Department at BEM-Fadab and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction.1
Poetry is one of literary works which are more superior than the other works, because inside the word in poetry there is language that says more and says it more intensely than ordinary language.2 It means the language in the poem needs more effort. Poetry is written to be enjoyed because in poem usually used supported elements to enrich the meaning and bring the reader imagination to her or his minds.
There are many things that the poet wants to share through poetic words that have a deep meaning. The poets try to deliver some messages to the reader or just express the feeling. Most of the ideas were taken by a poet told us about beautiful thing, serious thing, and sadness. Those interpret anything happened in that time.
1
http://classiclit.about.com/od/literaryterms/g/aa_whatisliter.html/ February, 25 2009
2
2
“The point about poetry and the other form of literature is that the choice of words and elements inside which used by the author”.3 To create a good poetry, a poet usually used supported elements in poem that usually called by intrinsic elements such as figure of speech, diction and tone to enrich the meaning and made the reader feels easy to understand what the poet means. In this thesis, the writer would analysis two poems by Michele Amas’ entitled The Babies and Unborn ones. Those poems are similar in some ways and different in others. Especially, figure of speech, tone and diction.
The intrinsic element has important rules in analyzing the real meaning of the poem, because by analyzing the intrinsic element the writer will unveil the message in the poem.
In this thesis the writer tries to make connections between texts or ideas, engage in critical thinking, and go beyond more description or summary to generate interested analysis. The writer also focuses on the words of text rather than fact about the author’s life or the biographical in which it was written. In the word of the texts, the writer can explore every stanza, line and word with his own analysis. The poem needs to be discussed and analyzed directly by the writer himself, and the writer understands the message and the depth of true meaning contain on the poem.
The writer would pay attention to the formal features of the text, tone and diction. So, by using descriptive qualitative method, the writer able to analyze two Michele Amas’ poems collected in the main title “Daughter”.
3
3
Michele Amas is a poet. She has a background in performing arts and has worked as an actor and director for theatre, television and radio. Her poem ‘Daugther’ was selected for Best New Zealand poems 2005. In these poems, the writer assumes that Michele Amas poems use diction, tone and figure of speech to enrich her poems. Therefore, the writer becomes interested in analyzing the intrinsic element on Michele Amas’ poem.
B. Focus of the Study
According to the problem above, this research will be concentrated on studying two Michele Amas poems entitled The Babies and Unborn ones using descriptive qualitative method, deals which the intrinsic element of the poem.
C. Research Questions
Based on the Background and focus study, the writer would like to analyze:
1. What are the dominant intrinsic elements in the poems of babies and the unborn ones?
2. How do those dominant intrinsic elements build the theme between of the poems of babies and the unborn ones?
D. Significances of the Study
4
E. Research Methodology
1. Objective of the Research
The objectives of the research are as follows:
1. To know the dominant intrinsic elements in the poems of babies and the unborn ones?
2. To find out the theme built from the dominant intrinsic elements between of the poems of babies and the unborn ones?
2. Method of Research
This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method, in which the researcher makes a personal assessment as to a description that fits the situation or themes that capture the major categories of information. The data are collected from the sentences that contain intrinsic element in the poem, and then the writer will identify and interpret those to find out the intrinsic elements and theme of the poems.
3. Data Analysis
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4. Instrument of the Research
The instrument of the research is the writer uses himself by identifying the occurrences of intrinsic element and finding out the theme in the poems throughout many ways such as reading, pointing out, classifying and understanding the poems.
5. Unit Analysis
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CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
1. The Meaning of Poetry
Laurence Perrine defines poetry as “a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than ordinary language”.4 Poetry can both
broaden and intensify experience, or it might present a range of experiences beyond the realm of personal possibility for the individual listener. It can also illuminate, clarify, deepen an everyday occurrence in a way the reader never considered, making the reader see more and feel more than ever before.
Poetry has the meaning; the term for many literary forms through which man has given rhythmic expression to his most imaginative and intense perceptions of himself and his universe.5
Poetry from the Greek poiesis, with the meaning a making or creating is a form art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning. And Poetry also the collective term used to describe many pieces of poems, which may or may
4
Laurence Perrine, and R. A. R.P Sound and sense: An Introduction to poetry, 8th ed. (Florida: Harcourt Brace College publisher, 1992),p.3.
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not be related by theme, author or style. So, a poem is a single piece of poetry.6
According to A. H. Hewitt, poem has no simple satisfactory definition it is one of the literary arts, because it is one word as its medium of expression art and it is something in which man tries to give lasting form to an experience which seems important to him. Any form of art is meant for enjoyment, in contrast with the essential needs of life which are meant for use. This should be remembered in the study of poem, for a poem will be appreciated only when it has be enjoyed, not when it has been made to serve principally some other needs, like passing an exam. Any attempt to define poem can be only partial or tentative. However, it is useful to start by defining compare with prose, poem is a type statement which make a noticeable use of concentrated, figurative and evocative language, and which has marked rhythmical qualities.7 Poem is a literary work and poetry is the
artwork or a poet, you can write a poem and you are doing poetry. 2. The Intrinsic elements of poetry
Understanding poetry means understanding the works of poetry. It depends on the work we read and the response that we have on the poetry that we read. No poem is ever completed. It means, that the poet always leaves some work for his reader, a poem only prompts us stimulates to the further consideration.
6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/poetry.html accessed 30/08/09
7
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When we are analyzing a fiction, there are two important aspects, intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The intrinsic elements are the analysis of the literature itself without looking the relation with the external aspect.8 In the
[image:38.595.100.487.160.523.2]intrinsic elements the readers have to analyze several elements. Such as, figure of speech, tone, diction and etc.
There are several elements which make up a good poem. In brief, they are described below.
a) Tone
Tone , in literature, may be defined as the writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or toward herself/himself.9 Tone, the attitude
of thee author to the characters and situations in the work, is closely related to style. For example, Gerald Stryker notes that, in “education”, E. B. White uses humorous images that are tinged with seriousness. The yellow city school bus that “swallow” the child in whelmed by the trappings and demands of certain kinds of schooling. The tone here is complex and it suggests the complexity the author sees in his subject.
Tone as a literary term, tone refers to the writer’s attitude towards the subject of literary work as indicated in the work itself. One way to think about tone in poetry is to consider the speaker’s literal “tone of voice”: just as with tone of voice, a poem’s tone may indicate an attitude of joy, sadness, hopeful, silliness, frustration, anger, puzzlement, etc.
8
Stanton Robert, An Introduction to Fiction, (New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston, inc, 1965), p. 11
9
A poem's tone is the attitude that its style implies. For example; 'A Blade of Grass' by Brian Patten's
It has a tone of sad acceptance toward the loss of childlike wonder that could have accepted the blade of grass.
'The Happy Grass', by Brendan Kennelly,
The title about ‘the happy grass’ has instead a hopeful tone toward the prospect of peace that the grass represents, tempered by awareness that there will be graves on which the grass will grow.
b) Diction
Diction, in its origin, primary meaning, refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression.10
Diction is simply the writer’s choice of words. There is no single and correct diction in the English language. Instead, you choose different words or phrases for different contexts, for examples:
To a friend in the poetry contexts is "a screw-up"
To a child in the poetry contexts is "a mistake"
To the police in the poetry contexts is "an accident"
To an employer in the poetry contexts is "an oversight"
c) Figure of Speech
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A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it.11 Figures of speech often provide emphasis,
freshness of expression, or clarity. However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of speech introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation. A figure of speech is sometimes called a rhetoric or a locution. Rhetoric originated as the study of the ways in which a source text can be transformed to suit the goals of the person reusing the material.
A figure of speech is any way of saying something other than the ordinary way, and some rhetoricians have classified as many as 250 separates figures. For our purposes, however, a figure of speech is more narrowly definable as a way of saying one thing and meaning another, and we need to be concerned with no more than a dozen. Figurative language- language using figures of speech-is language that cannot be taken literally (or should not be taken literally only).12 Actually, many writers use figure of speech, whether they know it or not, and in order to read well, we have to recognize it and be aware of its effects. Most figures of speech has a simple purpose, it is to make a literature live with has a deep meaning in the words.
There are several kinds of figure of speech 1) Metaphor
11
http://grammar.about.com/od/rhetoricstyle/a/20figures.htm. accessed on April 27, 09
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[image:41.595.96.483.179.496.2]Metaphor and simile are both used as a means of comparing things that are essentially. A metaphor is a method of comparison between two or more things that does not use the words like or as.13 It means, that metaphor as a
figurative analogy or comparison between two things where the comparison is indicated directly, without the ‘like’ or ‘as’ customary in similes. Metaphor suggests literally that one thing is something else which it clearly is not in reality.
Example:
“You are an ant, while I’m the lion”.
The word “ant” and “lion” is the metaphor, is a contradictive between ant with has little thing and powerless and lion with has a bigger thing and power, that comparison called metaphor.
2) Synecdoche
Synecdoche is using part of an object to stand for the whole thing.14
Synecdoche also figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword).
Examples:
13Ibid.
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Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening: The little journey in the poem represents life's journey.
The Gift Outright: The gift represents the history of the United States.
I Will Sing You One-O: Two clock towers striking One o'clock represent extensions of earthly and heavenly time.
Kitty Hawk: Man's first flight represents man's yearning for God or heaven.
Fire and Ice: The heat of love and the cold of hate are seen as having cataclysmic power. Synecdoche is a kind of metonymy in which part of something is used for the whole.15 Some common examples of synecdoche are
"hands" to refer to workers, "head" to refer to cattle, "threads" to refer to clothing and "mouths to feed" to refer to hungry people.
Synecdoche, as well as other forms of metonymy, is one of the most common ways to characterize a fictional character. Frequently, someone will be consistently described by a single body part or feature, such as the eyes, which comes to represent their person.
Also, sonnets and other forms of erotic love poetry frequently use synecdoche to characterize the beloved in terms of individual body parts rather than a whole, coherent self. The two are hard to distinguish, because synecdoche is a kind of metonymy.
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13
Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of something is used to refer to something that that name stands for. An example is "These lands belong to the crown." Obviously, the "crown" doesn't own these lands. The writer is using "crown" as a metonymy, he actually means "to the king" or "to
the country ruled by the king." Synecdoche is a form of metonymy, but it differs slightly in that it
"specializes," usually in reference to a "number." When we say, "President Bush won only the states colored in blue on the map, but he is the president of the fifty," the word "fifty" is a synecdoche standing for the entire United States. Another example is "The actor walked the boards." In this instance, "boards" is just a part or section of the entire thing, the "stage" upon which the actor appears. The easiest way to single out a synecdoche from the general class of metonymy is to see if the word represents a total, of which it is just a part or an individual number.
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3) Symbol
The word symbol derives from the Greek verb symballein, to throw together and it noun symbolon, "mark," or "sign." It is an object, animate or inanimate, that stands for or points to a reality beyond itself.16
The cross, for example, is often used to represent suffering. Symbols, however, also indicate their own reality. For example, a cross not only stands for suffering, but it also stands for Christian suffering. A sunrise not only represents new beginnings but the beginning of a new day.
The more you read and study literature, the more you will come across words that always function symbolically. The seasons are a perfect example. Winter represents aging, decay, and death; spring is often used to represent energy, birth, and hope; summer is symbolic of childhood, fun, and laughter; autumn stands for maturity, wisdom, and fulfillment.
d) Theme
Theme is the central idea of literary work.17 It is the idea, which is embodied in the total of the poem. This is what the poem is all about. It can be
16
http://www.aspirennies.com/private/SiteBody/Romance/Poetry/Styles/poemx7.shtml accessed on October 02, 2009
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a story, or a thought, or a description of something or someone – anything which is what the poem is all about.
The theme is what a piece of fiction stacks up. It is the idea, the significance, the interpretation of person and events the pervasive and unifying view of life which is embodied in the total. So that the theme is main idea of a poem, if the reader cannot get the theme of a poem, it means the reader cannot get what poet wants to show. And the reader cannot participate to the writer minds through a poem.
The theme of a story is whatever general idea or insight the entire story reveals. In some poem the theme is unmistakable and in literary fiction, a theme is seldom so obvious. That is, a theme should not be a moral or a message; it may be what that happenings add up to, what the story is about. The theme is also the last analysis of the poems. The focus of this analysis
is to know the ideas or what the poet wants to show to the reader. To get the theme it is necessary to analyze the intrinsic elements of the poem and also to make easy what poet wants to show to the reader. To get figure of speech tone, diction and theme we have to read intensely, crossing line by line or word by word. Because of the language used by poet in poem is not like the other literary works.
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3. Explication
An explication has been defined as an examination of a work of literature for knowledge of each part, for the relations of these parts to each other, and for their relations to the whole.18
To get the content of the poem, explication is the important one. Some fundamental element of poetry above, help us in understanding what the poem is taking about. In an explication of poem, the writer explains the entire poem in detail, unraveling any complexities to be found in it. This method is valuable in approaching a lyric poem, especially if the poem is rich in complexities.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Babies
This poem is about the domestic life and the way to spend the time. The author tells about sadness and happiness of parents. The reader can see this in several intrinsic elements that found in this poem. The intrinsic elements in this poem help the reader easily to understand the theme which is the point of that poem.
Babies
Line Stanza It’s a feast or a famine 1
with sperm 2
wouldn’t you say? 3
Some days they can lap at your feet 4 other days are shorter. 5
1
I see flakes of babies 6
on hands 7
on shirt fronts 8
on benches 9
on car back-seats. 10
2
The old guy, toothless and cursing 11 wearing socks and jandals 12
is full of babies. 13
3
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has left babies 15
on his sheets this morning. 16
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1. Explication of Babies
Babies was published in 2005. This poem is about the family life and the way to spend the time in the care of the babies. It is about the speaker and some people with their domestic life’s activities. Starting from the first stanza: “It’s a feast or a famine”. The poem introduces the sense of the speaker. Here, feast becomes an indication of pleasure or happiness of someone who has got a baby. While, famine pair with more emphasize on a dislike or a disturbing sense of comfort. The second line emphasizes the real explanation of those words, “With sperm”. Here, the speaker explains the activities of some one that stated in the next stanza. In the third line, “wouldn’t you say?” The speaker asks some one as the object about the result that will happen next. The speaker also describe the possibilities thing occurs later, there are goodness. The goodness and feel comfort explained in the line 4 “Some days they can lap at your feet”. This word also has been emphasizing with the line 5 “other days are shorter”.
In the second stanza, the speaker describes the behavior of the babies with the variety ways “On hand, on shirt fronts, on benches, on the car back-seats”. Those statements were starting with “I see flakes of babies”. Here, the speaker itself that see the babies and their behaviors.
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representing misery or make other people affected. The other people here are the old guy.
In the last stanza, the speaker talks more about the object of her explanation in this poem. The object here is “the college boy”. Here, the college boy was explained about the immoral acts done. The college boy also leaves a baby with no responsibility. The action of leave a baby, the reader can see in the line 15-16 “has left babies/ on his sheets this morning”.
2. Table Data Description of Babies
The writer found two dictions and four types figure of speech. There are on poem babies of Michele Amas, the writer tabulates the data by classifying them in one table.
Stanza Line Quotation Poem Intrinsic Analysis
1 1 Babies (feast or famine) Metaphor (Figure of Speech) 4 14 The College Symbol (Figure of Speech) 1 1 Feast or a famine Diction
4 14 The College Diction
2 6 I see flakes of babies Synecdoche
3. Intrinsic Elements in Babies
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elements in this poem help the reader easily to understand the theme which is the point of that poem.
1.Metaphor
Metaphor is a method of comparison between two or more things that does not use the words like or as. They are one data found in the poem one (babies). On the line one and stanza one, the writer wrote babies and compared with feast and famine.
This poem described a baby with two contradictory things. That is, the feast with famine. Feast more emphasize to something that is happy or pleasure: when someone has a baby or they feel something different in they life. There are many things that will happen when the child is born, to grow up, such as whining, hitting, bitting, yelling, and demanding attention. There is pleasure from nurturing the child, and also happiness when getting entertains from the baby. It is also emphasized in the next verses such as: "Some days they can lap at your feet".
The parents feel the excitement when they have entertainment from the baby that has started crawling and lying on their lap. Michele Amas invites the reader to participate and feels happiness being parents. Amas on the next stanza illustrates that the excitement with the baby make time flies so fast , as listed on line 5 Stanza 1 "Other days are shorter”.
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The Babies behavior, such as cry when baby feels pain, or wants something might be a reason why the old guy feels annoyed. Their tranquility disturbed by the whining or even the crying babies, It was made some one (here, the old guys) feels uncomfortable.
The two things that make contradictive, was stated in the opening of the first Michele Amas poem’s, and the writer can come to conclude that when a person has a child or a baby there are two possibilities that occur in the end. The first, a person who felt comforted and happy being parents. And second, there were people who felt disturbed by the whining and the crying from the babies.
2. Symbol
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3.Diction
Diction, in its original, primary meaning, refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression. There are two data found in this poem. Feast and Famine (line 1 stanza 1) and the college boy (line 14 stanzas 4). In one side, the writer might interpret the attributing of Feast and Famine as Metaphor and the college as a symbol, but it also could be interpret as diction. Here the feast and famine and college boy was not literary work only, but it more than what it was.
Feast and Famine are used to explain about two things with different context and meaning. Michele Amas, describe about Feast with the meaning of religious festival and famine with serious shortage of food. In the formal lexical the word feast is to describe about the situation in the religious part and it was sacral activities. In this poem feast becomes an indication of pleasure or happiness of someone who has got a baby. The reader can see that the continuation of happiness poem below: “Some day they can lap at your feet”. In this stanza, feast is further clear that represent of fun and happiness. Beside this, Amas also used the comparison of happiness with the sadness. In the whole life, there were goodness and badness. It is also not free from life's lessons, where there is love then there must be grief. There is also a night and day. All will continue, ongoing and related to each other. In the happiness, of course, it was not impossible some person that feels uncomfortable with the same thing.
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The reader can see the evidence of this aversion in the next poem, which says the word famine which representing misery or make other people affected, as in the word.“ The old guy, toothless and cursing/ wearing socks and jandals/ is full of babies”.
It was stated that not everyone was happy with the presence of a baby. In other words, this atmosphere was supported by using of certain terms of passions. Such as: angry and upset, from the word that stated in the poem “toothless and cursing”. In this poem could be said that the baby is at the core of this poem can be a thing that disrupt or create discomfort.
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Meanwhile, the authors also choose the phrase college boy to describe about someone which is a subject in this poem. The word boy according to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means as a male child, from birth to the age of puberty. The selections of this word was correct, to confirm the sex in this poem as a subject is a young man. With those explanations, the writer can conclude that college is a place where there is young man who grew up to find his identity and place to get knowledge. Amas may aim to further reinforce the specifics about the perpetrator or the main character of his poem addressed to people who were or still continue their education.
4.Synecdoche
Synecdoche is using part of an object to stand for the whole thing, In this poem, the writer found synecdoche in stanza 2 line 6 I see Flakes Of babies.
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From the assertion of stanza above as, it means that the most of babies were doing activities like the explanations on the poem above. From that statement, it was the reason why the writer said as synecdoche, where part of an object to stand for the whole thing.
4. The Intrinsic elements contributing in building the theme in Babies
The theme is what a piece of fiction stacks up. It is the idea, the significance, the interpretation of person and events the pervasive and unifying view of life which is embodied in the total. The babies is a poem written and published in 2005.
The babies was the anthology of poem with the main title ‘Daughter’ written by Michele Amas. Those anthology poems were written out of desperation to contain a myriad of emotions that living with a teenager, make the reader to experience in daily. Michele Amas said in her poem, that she has attempted to describe the shifting emotional landscape that a mother and child stumble into, unprepared and bewildered – full of blame and guilt, need and love.
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such as: whining, hitting, bitting, yelling, and demanding attention.
Michele also uses a symbol to enriching her poem; the writer found the word college where the college is a place where people seek higher education. But here, the college is inversely than the literal meaning, this poem does not use the word to refer to any better education. Besides the symbol, the writer found Diction. Feast and Famine (line 1 stanza 1) and the college boy (line 14 stanzas 4). In one side, the writer might interpret the attributing of Feast and Famine as Metaphor and the college as a symbol, but it also could be interpret as diction. Here the feast and famine and college boy was not literary work only, but it more than what it was. Feast in which represents happiness, side by side with famine, where famine pair with more emphasize on a dislike or a disturbing sense of comfort. The authors also choose the phrase college boy to describe about someone which is a subject in this poem. In the last, the writer found the synecdoche in the word flakes. The flakes contained in this poem as if it represents many of those babies are in place; these infants represent fragments of the overall nature of the baby that is why it is called a synecdoche.
This poem tells about conflict, the conflict here are the domestic family conflict, such as devotion and rage. The reader can see the word devotion in the figure of speech (feast and famine) and rage in the last of the first poem, "the college boy/has left babies on his sheets this morning".
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B. The Unborn Ones
The unborn ones poem tells the ones of planning to forget the problems of their ignorance. The ignorance here is about the baby who does not born at all but they (the brother and sister) plan to leave. This opinion, the reader can see at the beginning of the poem, and associated with the title of poem (The Unborn Ones).
The Unborn Ones
Line Stanza The brothers and sisters 1
how stupid of them 2
to leave it up to me. 3
1
Stupid too 4
the German psychologist’s 5
advice. 6 2
One child will now 7
Bury her parents. 8
3
The brothers and sisters 9 10 Salty baby mammals
Have returned to the sea turning into little grey whales.
11 12
4
1. Explication of The Unborn Ones
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here stated in the word to leave it up to me. The word ‘it’ may refers to the problem that will be leaved.
In the second stanza, the speaker repeats the word stupid: “ Stupid too”. That word was told by the psychologist like in the line 4-6: “Stupid too/the German psychologist’s advice”. It means, the brothers and sisters has come to the psychologist and ask about solving of their problem, but the psychologist answer that problem with the word stupid too. That word may explain the faults of the brother and sisters with something that they have done.
In the third stanza, the speaker talks more about the result that occurs later. “One child will now/Bury her parents”. The speaker tries to describe the happening that occur later if the brother and sisters leaving the problem. It consequences that the child will forget their parents because they don’t know who and where is his/her parent.
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2. Table Data Description of The Unborn Ones
The writer found one tone and two types figure of speech. There are on poem the unborn ones of Michele Amas, the writer tabulates the data by classifying them in one table.
Stanza Line Quotation Poem Intrinsic Analysis
4 10 Salty baby Mammals Symbol
4 11 To the sea Symbol
1
2
3
4
How stupid of them
Stupid too Tone
3. The Intrinsic elements in The Unborn Ones
The Unborn ones is a poem to show the reality of teenager life and tells about the domestic conflict in the family life, the domestic conflict here is bewildered become parents. In briefly, the unborn poem tells the ones of planning to forget the problems of their ignorance. The ignorance here is about the baby who does not born at all but they (the brother and sister) plan to leave.
1. Symbol
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Salty here used explain about the baby that crying, where Amas used it previously, in stanza 3 lines 7. Salty baby mammals were not literary only, but it more than what it were as the stanzas bellow:
One child will now Bury her parents. Salty baby mammals have returned to the sea turning into little grey whales.
Here, salty in use to replace the word tears, because the taste of tears is salt. The word “baby’ has made clear that the object of someone which is crying is the baby. In the last sentence, the word mammals explains about the human that life is like mammals, because human is mammals. This word expressed the new idea with different atmosphere. The salty baby mammals, of course, had a symbolic dimension. The phrase salty baby mammals does not merely mean animal but it refers to the word crying child on the previous line. In this case, the attitude of the salty baby mammals has the same character or habit with human being.
The next stanza explain about: have returned to the sea/turning into little grey whales. The last two lines of the poem explain about the baby that wants to return to become the fetus.
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The symbol also found in this poem, in line 11 stanza 4 to the sea, from the phrase “have returned to the sea”. Here, the speaker feels that the sea represents the uterus, because the baby does not want to born the world where their parent does not accept. The sea is the symbol of uterus. The writer can conclude that from the previous sentence ‘have return’.
The readers may conclude that the sea in this poem is a symbol because in the previous stanza, Amas explain a salty baby mammal that has returned to their habits (sea) or the baby that does not accept but their parents plan to ignorance and the baby if they can to ask they want to return to the uterus before they born yet.
2. Tone
Tone, in literature, may be defined as the writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or toward herself/himself. In this poem Michele Amas used tone for enriching the poem of the unborn ones, line 2 stanza 1, how stupid of them.
Tone, the attitude of the author to the characters and situations in the work, is closely related to style. Tone in this poem is to consider the speaker’s literal “tone of voice” as with tone of voice. Tone may indicate an attitude of upset and silliness.
The brothers and sisters how stupid of them to leave it up to me Stupid too
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Here, the word stupid is a tone to emphasize the voice of silliness. The silliness voice may indicate that someone feels something stupid action. Here, is about the act of the brother and sister (see the first line). The brothers and sister has left their problem to the speaker. The reader can see this analysis in the first stanza. “to leave it up to me”. The reader might regard it as the silliness action.
4. The Intrinsic elements contributing in building the theme in The Unborn Ones
The theme is what a piece of fiction stacks up. It is the idea, the significance, the interpretation of person and events the pervasive and unifying view of life which is embodied in the total. The Unborn ones is a poem written and published in 2005.
The unborn poem tells the ones of the plan to forget the problems of the ignorance. The ignorance here is about the problem of baby who does not born at all but they (the brother and sister) plan to leave. This opinion, the reader can see at the beginning of the poem, and associated with the title of poem (The Unborn Ones). They plan to do something for the fetus that was conceived because the Unborn is not yet born. But, they had negative planned. The negative plan here is to leave the problem to their psychologist. The reader can see in the data description on the second poem. First is Symbol, Amas used symbol in line 10 stanza 4: salty baby mammals and also found in line 11 stanza 4: to the sea.
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‘have return’.
The readers may conclude that the sea in this poem is a symbol. Because, in the previous stanza, Amas explain a salty baby mammal that has returned to their habits (sea) or the baby that does not born but their parents plan to ignorance.
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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
After analyzing from chapter before, the writer concludes that the two poems by Michele Amas “Babies and The Unborn Ones” consist deep meaning in every poem. The intrinsic elements in every parts of poem used by Michele Amas mostly used two dictions and one tone, and figure of speech such as, one metaphor, three symbols and one synecdoche to conveyed the philosophical idea that happen generally in the teenager or the domestic family life.
[image:64.595.82.487.198.524.2]The writer analyzes of two Michele Amas poems which contain of figure of speech and other parts of intrinsic elements. The analysis includes the detection of diction, tone and figure of speech, and determined the kind of them and found the theme in every poem and their contribution. Michele Amas discusses in her poem about conflict, the conflict here are the domestic family conflict, such as devotion and rage.
The Babies’ poem tells of hard and joy of being parents. The reader can see this in several intrinsic elements that found in this poem. The intrinsic elements in this poem help the reader easily to understand the theme which is the point of that poem.
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Those intrinsic elements conveyed to the reader the message of the poem that people can take for guidance in their domestic life and society.
In the second’s poem, “The Unborn Ones” also contains some intrinsic analysis, such as Symbol, Tone and theme. In here, Michele Amas tried to show the reality of teenager life and tells about the domestic conflict in the family life, the domestic conflict here is bewildered become parents. In briefly, the unborn poem tells the ones of planning to forget the problems of their ignorance. The ignorance here is about the baby who does not born at all but they (the brother and sister) plan to leave.
The dominant intrinsic elements in those poems are diction and symbol. Amas perhaps use that dominant intrinsic element to more sensuous than ordinary language and the meaning more than what it was.
Finally, as the result of analysis performed, the writer concludes that the use of dominant intrinsic elements in those poem give the contribution in the theme building. The contribution of those dominant intrinsic elements describes the theme conveying and the message delivering as clear as those of visual means can do. By understanding and delivering them, the thought and experience each of the poem is declared more clearly.
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important part to understanding the content of the
