AN ANALYSIS ON INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF
AGATHA CHRISTIE’S ”
THE PALE HORSE
”
A Thesis
Submitted to Adab and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of One of The Requirements
For The Strata 1 Degree
By :
ETI KUSUMAWATI
203026002097
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF JAKARTA
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Jakarta, May 31 2007
LEGALIZATION
This thesis entitled “An Analysis on intrinsic Elements of Agatha Christie’s “The Pale Horse” has been defended before the Adab and Humanities Faculty’s examination Committee on May, 31 2007. The paper has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Strata 1 Degree.
Jakarta, May 31, 2007 Examinition Committee
Chair Person, Secretary,
Dr. M. Farkhan, M.Pd. Drs.Saefuddin, M. Pd.
NIP. 150 299 480 NIP. 150 261 902
Members:
APPROVEMENT
AN ANALYSIS ON INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF AGATHA CHRISTIE’S “THE PALE HORSE”
A Thesis
Submitted to Adab and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of One of the Requirement
for the Strata1 Degree
Eti Kusumawati NIM. 203026002097
Approved by:
Dr. M. Farkhan, M. Pd. Supervisor
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
ABSTRACT
Eti Kusumawati, An Analysis on Intrinsic Elements of Agatha Christie’s “The Pale Horse”. A thesis. Jakarta: Adab and Humanities Faculty. State Islamic
University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, September 2007.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the intrinsic elements of the novel. By doing this, the writer will find out how Agatha Christie develop the plot of the novel. In this research, the writer uses descriptive analysis method where the writer describes the data that have relation to the method and the research questions based on the relevant theory.
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ………. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……….. ii
TABLE OF CONTENT………. iv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of The Study ……….. 1
B. Focus ofThe Research ………... 4
C. The Research Questions ……….. 4
D. Objective and Significant of The research ……….. 5
E. Methodology of The Research ……… 5
1. Method ………... 5
2. Instrument of research ……… 5
3. Technique of Analysis ……… 5
4. Unit of Analysis ………... 5
5. Time andPlace of Research………. 6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK……….. 7
A. Plot ……… 7
1. Exposition ………... 9
3. Climax ………. 10
4. Falling Action ……….. 10
5. Resolution ……… 10
B. Character ……… 10
C. Theme ……… 13
CHAPTER III THE ANALYSIS OF PLOT, CHARACTER AND THEME……….. 16
A. Summary of The Pale Horse ……… 16
B. Intrinsic Element ……… 19
1. Plot ………. 19
a. Exposition……… 19
b. RisingAction……….. 19
c. Climax ……… 35
d. Falling Action………... 37
e. Resolution ……….. 39
C. Character ………. 40
1. Main Character ……….. 40
2. Characterization ……….. 41
a. Mark Easterbrook ………. 41
b. Ginger ………. 42
c. Detective Lejeune………. 43
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION……… … 47
A. Conclusion………... 47
B. Suggestion ………... 49
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study
Literary works can be differentiated into two parts, fiction and
nonfiction. And novel is one of the most well known fiction. The
word “ Novel” is taken from Italian word, novella, Spanish novella,
French Nouvelle means “new”, or “short story of something new.”1
Novel is fictions prose narrative or table of considerable length (now
usually long enough to fill one or more volumes) in which characters
and actions representative of the real life of past or present time are
portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity.2
Novel is a kind of media that is used to express the idea of an
author. The idea might come from many resources such as
experiences either from the author, one’s experience or the condition
when the book was written at the time. Usually the author will do it
selectively and
1
www.wikipedia.org
2
from the story based on the purpose while on the same time the
author will also include the element of entertainment information
such as the human’s life to make novel looks interesting.3
Novel offers various problems of human being and humanity
because novel usually based on a true story, myth or even religious
belief of the culture. Novel has many sub plot, therefore novel could
not be read in one time but it’s need time even days to read for good
understanding.
In addition, studying a text novel, readers would know several
aspects that built a novel. They are intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
Intrinsic elements are the elements which develop the literary work
from inside such as plot, theme, setting, character and
characterization, and of course point of view. All of this make a story
come to life. Beside the intrinsic elements that built a novel from
inside, readers who want to analyze the novel also have to understand
the background of the author, the social background where the novel
has been created, the psychology of the characters of the novel, the
world view about the novel itself and those called extrinsic elements.
3
The extrinsic elements are the elements which built the novel from
outside such as literature and society, psychology literature,
feminism, genetic structuralism, and so on.
Although novel is a kind of fiction, many advantages we can
get when we read it. It is not only the pleasure but also the utility
since it might consist of a special message to be delivered inside the
text.4
This thesis is to analyze the intrinsic elements of The Pale
Horse. The Pale Horse is one of Agatha Christie’s novel. It tells
about three old women who believe the supernatural and make the
society believe that they are witches who are able to make someone
dies. If the client comes to them, they will show the black magic
equipment which can make the clients believes. They do their job by
using thallium poison through the air scattered. They have an
organization network which structured clean even the police cannot
do anything without a proof. They are three old virgins’ women who
are far away from the society. To add the mystical situation they
named their old cottage “The Pale Horse” where name board has a
picture of horses.
4
Like Agatha christie’s other novel, The Pale Horse is a murder
mystery. Agatha Christie was born as Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller in
Torquay, Devon. To an America father and an English mother. Her
father was Frederick Alvah Miller, a rich American stockbroker, and
her mother was Clarissa Margaret Boehmer, the daughter of a British
army captain. Her father died when she was eleven years old. Her
mother taught her at home, encouraging her to write at a very young
age. At the age of 16 she went to Mrs Dryden’s finishing school in
Paris to study singing and piano. Her first marriage, an unhappy one,
was in 1914 to Colonel Archibald Christie, an aviator in the Royal
Flying Corps. The couple had one daughter, Rosalind Hicks, and
divorced in 1928. it was during this marriage that she published her
first novel in 1920, The Mysterious Affairs at Styles. Agatha
Christie’s first novel The Mysterious Affairs at Styles was published
in 1920 and introduced the long-running character detective Hercule
Poirot, who appeared in 30 of Christie’s novels and 50 short stories.
Poirot is the only fictional character to have been given an obituary in
The New York Times, following the publication of Curtain in 1975.
the release ofSleeping Murder sometime in 1976, but died in January
1976 before the book could be released.5
B. Focus of The Research
This research is focused on intrinsic elements of the novel,
consisting of characters and characterization, the theme and the plot.
C. The Research Questions
Based on the background of the studies, The research questions are:
1. How does the writer develop the plot in the novel ?
2. What Theme is intended by Agatha Christie ?
3. Who are the main characters of the novel ?
4. How does Agatha Christie characterize the main characters of the
novel ?
D. Objective and Significance of The Research The Main Objective of the research are :
1. To know how the plot of the novel is developed.
2. To know the theme of the novel.
3. To know the main characters of the novel.
4. To know how Agatha Christie characterize the main characters of
the novel.
5
E. Methodology of The Research 1. Method
The method which is used in this research is descriptive one.
2. Instrument of research
The instrument which is used here is the writer herself by the
check listing and tabulating the evidence which had connected with
the questions through reading the novel and the other references to
supported the result.
3. Technique of Analysis
In this research, data concerning with some events of expression,
and conflict that happen in the story are analyzed by structural
approach.
4. Unit of Analysis
Unit of analysis is The Pale Horse Novel written by Agatha Christie
in 2002, London.
5. Time and Place of research
This research has been made since October 2006 at The English
Department, Faculty of Humanities of Syarif Hidayatullah State
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
As the writer mention in chapter 1, the literary work is built with
intrinsic and extrinsic elements and to analyze the novel there are two ways,
they are analyze the intrinsic elements and analyze the extrinsic elements.
To analyze to extrinsic elements we can use feminism, structuralism,
cultural studies and so on. And to analyze the intrinsic elements, we can
analyze the plot, theme, setting, points of view, language, etc. and because
this research is about intrinsic elements and focuses on plot, theme,
character and characterization, so in chapter II, the writer only explains the
plot, theme, character and characterization.
A. Plot.
Plot is a story that contains a causal relation. However, each part of
the story is connected by cause and effect.6 Plot is the way in which events
are arranged in a work of literature.
6
Plot gives information about the details of the story in the novel.
From the plot, the writer can find the theme of the story itself and how the
author
characterizes the main character in the novel because plot itself consist of
idea, tendency, motive and message leading from both of the incident and
the character. Plot is a basic of the story. It is too important because without
a plot there will not be a good story.
Plot is divided into two categories, they are chronology and
unchronology. The chronology is called the progressive plot and
unchronology is called flashback or regressive plot. The plot of novel is
called progressive plot is :
C Climax
Rising Action B D Falling Action
A. E
Exposition Resolution
plot shows the conflict in the first story 7. The schema of regressive plot is : D1–A–B–C–D2–E .
1. Exposition
Exposition or introduction presents characters and setting and introduces the basic situation in which characters are involved. Exposition is antecedent information necessary to understand the forward progress of the action; it includes knowledge of the character and their relation to each other, the time, the place, the situation out of which the conflicts develop.8
2. Rising Action
After exposition is shown, conflicts begin to happen. In this part the
antagonist always causes the problems for the protagonist and will not let
the protagonist enjoy his life. There are 2 (two) conflicts that are faced by
the protagonist., they are internal and external conflict.
Internal conflict is the inner conflict that is faced by the protagonist
while external conflict is the conflict that appears from the characters. Both
conflicts happen between the protagonist and antagonist and the protagonist
and the other characters. This part is usually known as rising action. Rising
7
Ibid,.P.153
8
action is the portion of the play where the complication and entanglements
occurs.9
3. Climax
Climax is the top of conflict both internal and external conflict that
happens between protagonist and antagonist. Climax is synonymous with
turning point, to change the story from rising action to falling action.10
4. Falling Action
Following the climax, the rest of the novel is devoted to showing
what the characters lives like after this major change in their fortunes. In
falling action one by one of the problems or conflict that occurs in rising
action can be resolved.11
5. Resolution
The falling action leads to the resolution. Resolution is the end of the
story.12
B. Character.
9
Lloyd J. Hubenka And Reloy Gracia,“The Design of Drama : An Introduction”,(Newyork: Mcckay Company Inc.,1973). P.13
10
Soenarto,Yudhi,SS,MA.,”Introduction to drama I”,(Faculty of letters,UI Depok.,1998)P.35
11
Lloyd J.Hubenka And Reloy Gracia,Loc it
12
Plot and characterization are two sides of the same coin. Plot is a
sequence of events that challenge the characters to grow; but the characters,
of course can also initiate events. According to Abrams people who’s shown
in a narrative work, or the drama which is translated by the reader who had
quality moral and the willingness to concern like the expressive in
pronunciation and what have to do in the action.13
Another definition about character is an imagined person in story,
whom we know from the work we read on the page.14 There are two main
characters in the story, antagonist and protagonist. The antagonist is known
as a person who makes conflict with protagonist. According to Pierre
Laurence in literature structure, sound, and sense, characters are the people
in the text: there is part of the ordinary life that meets when the readers
read.15
Richard said: “Character is a person in a literary work, whereas
characterization is the way in which a character is created. Characters are all
the product of characterization. That is to say they have been made a
particular way.16
13
Nurgiantoro,Opcit P.165
14
Sven P.Birkert,.,“Literature the involving canon”, (Boston: Allyn & Bacon a division of Simon schuster Inc., 1993), P . 47
15
Laurence Pierre,“Literature, Structure, Sound, and Sense”,(London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984), fifth Edition, P. 90
16
Meanwhile, Steven Martin says that a character is presumably an
imagined person who inhabits a story although that simple definition might
admit to a few exceptions. Characterization means how the writer tells the
readers about the physical and non physical characteristics of the person in
the story.17 To understand the character, the reader can find it through (1)
how the author tells about the character, (2) The description that author
gives through their environment and how they dressed, (3) how the attitude,
(4) how the characters talks about themselves, (5) understand how their
mind,(6) how the other character talk about him/herself, (7) how the other
character talk to him/herself, (8) how the others character interaction with
him/herself, (9) how the character in reacts other character.18
Beside antagonist and protagonist, there are also round and flat
characters. The round character is complex, the flat character is simple;
the round character can surprise us, remaining unpredictable but
probable; the flat character remains predictable, summed up in a few traits.19
In addition, Judith A. Stanford as also says that flat character tends to stay
the same throughout a story. Meanwhile round character often
changes-17
Steven Martin, “An Introductory Guide to English Literature”,(Essex:Longman Group Ltd, 1994),P.95
18
Aminudin,,Opcit. P. 80
19
learns or became enlightened, growth or deteriorate.20Moreover, Judith also
describes the types of characters as follows:
a. Dynamic Character is a Character who changes in some significant way during the course of the work.
b. Round character is a character who shows many different facets : often presented in depth and with great detail.
c. Flat character is a character who usually had only one outstanding trait or feature.
d. Static character is a character who does not change in any significant ways during the course of the work.
e. Protagonist character is a major character with whom we generally sympathize.
f. The antagonist character is a character with whom the protagonist was in conflict, generally not sympathetic character.21
However, the readers need to remember that they do not have lives
outside the pages of the novel and so it is rarely useful to speculate about
their past or future experiences.
More important, the reader need to pay attention to how they are
presented and how the relation the character to the plot. The characters are
revealed to the reader in various ways : description, dialogue, thought and
feelings, action and reaction, and imagery and symbol.
So, the writer concludes that characters are presumably an imagined
person who inhabits a story, and the best guide to understand them is what
they do and what they say.
20
Judith A. Stanford,“Responding Two Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays”,( Newyork: McGraw-Hill 1 Higher Education, 2003), Fourth Edition, P. 38
21
C. Theme
Theme is not summary of the story. Theme in literature is important
subject and experiences of our public and private lives such as, love, death,
marriage, hope, despair, and so on. The common experiences in lives can be
a theme in literature.22
Like the other elements, a theme has also an important role in the
story. The story without theme will be dry, unclear and unlived. How
important the theme makes the writer anxious to know the definition of
theme.
Moreover Robert has pointed out that a word theme is defined by the
presence of this idea, for being theme; a piece of writing must have the
central idea as its core. Everything in the theme should be directly related
to this idea or should contribute to the reader, understanding of the idea.23
Meanwhile Stanton and Kenny says that theme is the real meaning
inside the story. To find out the theme of a fiction we should understand
and find the message through story and the elements which are build the
story because it is impossible theme has been told directly.24
22
Nicholas Marsh,“An Introduction to Literary Studies”( London: Rutledge, 1999) 1sted. P. 2
23
Robert Edgar V,“Writing Theme about Literature”(Prentice-Hall, Inc., englewood chiffs, 5th ed.,New Jersey, 1983), P. 8
24
Therefore, the theme of a piece of fiction is controlling its central
insight. It is the unifying generalization about life started or implied by the
story. In many stories the theme might be equivalent to revelation of human
characters.25 Shipley differentiates the theme of literary work based on the
level of soul experience, from the simple one to the complex. There are the
five levels of theme:
1. Physic level of theme, human as molecule. This kind of theme is more to the physic activity then soul conflict of the characters. 2. Organic level of theme, human as protoplasm. This kind of
theme is more tells about sexuality problems. 3. Social level of theme, human as social
4. Ego level of theme, human as individual
5. Divine level of theme, human as the highest creature which is sometime not all human deal with. The problems in this theme are the problems between creature and their creator. For example
a short story “Robohnya Surau Kami”Written by A.A.Navis26
In short, the theme is a main idea and central in a story. It also can be defined that what is an important and significant about the things that go on in a story.
25
Jerome Beauty,“fiction”,(Newyork: Norton Company. Inc, 1979), P.612
26
CHAPTER III
THE ANALYSIS OF PLOT, CHARACTER AND THEME
In this chapter the writer will analyze the plot, character and the
theme of the story to find out how the stories happen with all the problems
inside it. Then from the plot the writer tries to find out what the characters
and theme of the story itself is. And also the writer will put the summary of
The Pale Horse, to give a little description about the story.
A. Summary of The Pale Horse
Mark Easterbrook, the hero of the story, the narrator and the young
historian, is accused of murdering father by uncompromising detective
Lejeune with only a list of names given to him by Father Gorman before his
death. Before Mark knew about this mystery, Mark saw fought between two
girls in a Chelsea, England coffee bar. At dinner with a friend, Poppy
mentions about the pale horse that arranges murder, but is suddenly scared
and frightened at having mentioned it and will say no more. After the death
of Father Gorman, the detective came to crime scene and found out the list
of name in his shoes. Detective Lejeune showed the list to
that Dr.Jim Corrigan was in the list and the list includes the names of
Mark’s godmother’s Lady Heskith-Dubois who has recently died of what
appear to be a natural causes and of Thomasina Tuckerton. He begins to fear
that the list contains the names of those dead or shortly to die.
Detective Lejeune accepted a letter from Zachariah Osborne, one of
the witnesses of Father Gorman murder. Zachariah wrote that the man who
walked behind Father Gorman at the night was Mr.Venables who lived at
priors court, Much Deeping. After reading the letter Lejeune and Dr.Jim
decided to investigate Mr.Venables. After talking with Mrs.Dane Calthrop,
he wanted to investigate the pale horse and the possible connection between
the list of name. Mark asked his friend Hermia to help him to investigate,
but Hermia refused to help because of her busy. How ever he receives
support from Ginger and Dr.Jim refused to help Mark, he thought that all of
that was balderdash, did not make sense at all.
Mark also makes an ally of Ginger Corrigan, a girl whom he has met
in the neighborhood and who successfully draws Poppy out about the pale
horse organization. Ginger found the information about Mr.Bradley who
had connection with pale horse. Ginger wanted Mark to visited Mr.Bradley
to get more information. Mr.Bradley, a lawyer who outlines to him the
the law. To get more information about how the process of killing people,
Mark and Ginger planned to be a client of Mr.Bradley. They were making a
reason who the one to be a target. Ginger pretend to be Mark’s wife, after
telling everything to detective Lejeune, Mark visited Mr.Bradley. As he
arrived, Mark told everything and wanted to do the bet.
At a ritual of some kind at the pale horse, Mark witnesses Thryza
apparently channel a malignant spirit through an electrical apparatus.
Shortly afterward, Ginger gets sick and begins rapidly to decline. In
desperation, Mark turns to Poppy again who know mentions a friend
(Mrs.Brandon), who worked at Customers Reactions Classified but she
quitted because she thought there was a connection to pale horse. It became
more interesting because the woman who gave Father Gorman the list also
worked at C.R.C. and of course Ginger once welcomed a girl at C.R.C.
Mark thinks that the same thing happened to Lady Heskett-Dubois, Mary
Delafontaine and Thomasina’s has lost her hair during her illness. More
over, Ginger has begun to shed her own hair. Mark told Lejeune that
Ginger’s hair comes out was not because of high fever but of thallium
poisoned. At the end revealed that Mr.Osborne as the man behind the scene.
were committed by visiting the victim’s houses with those poisoned with
thallium.
B. Intrinsic Element 1. Plot
a. Exposition
The story began in Chelsea, England. It started when Mark arrived in the café. He was a writer with an old thought when he sat in the café he felt
uncomfortable. With all the modern things inside the café. The espresso machine for him sounded like devilish. He thought that all the sound from the modern things made him frighten. He thought world was very dangerous.
The espresso machine behind my shoulder hissed like an angry snake. The noise it made had a sinister, not to say devilish, suggestion about it. Perhaps, I reflected, most of our contemporary noises carry that
implication. The intimidating a very scream of jet planes as they flash across the sky; the slow menacing rumble of a tube rain approaching through its tunnel ; the heavy road transport that shakes the very
foundations of your house………even the mirror domestic noises of
today, beneficial in action through they may be, yet carry a kind of alert. The dish-washers, the refrigerators, the pressure cooker, the whining vacuum cleaners– ‘Be careful, ‘they all seem to say. ‘I am genie
harnessed to your service, but if your control of me
fails……..’(Christei,2000:9)
In the beginning of the story, Agatha Christie introduces his first character as a man named Mark Easterbrook and he describes the situation inside his
b. Rising Action
In rising action the writer finds that the following problems happen.
They include the death of:
1. The death of Mrs. Davis.
Before Mrs. Davis died, she had to meet the Father Gorman to
confess something before she died.
‘you’ve come …….there isn’t much time-‘she spoke between panting breath. ……’wickedness……such wickedness….. I must …. I must… I can’t die like this …. Confess –confess- my sin-grievous-grievous … ‘the eyes wandered ….half closed … (Christie,2000:30)
In this page, Mrs.Davis wants to confess something that she had
done. She cann’trelax because what she has known. And then she
died before a doctor and an ambulance had arrived.
2. The death of Pastor Gorman.
After the pastor had served a confession from Mrs. Davis, he went
back to church. On his way to the church he came by at the coffee
shop to write down the names that he might forget. After listed the
names he continued to the church, but in the middle of the road he
was killed.
The blow from the cosh caught him completely unaware. He heeled
forward and fell …..(Christie,2000:.32)
Pastor Gorman feel frightened and there is something wrong because
he has knew that he had followed by someone, he didn’t knew.
After the death of the Father Gorman, the detective came to crime
scene and found out the list of name in his shoes. Detective Lejeune
showed the list to Dr. Jim Corrigan, because Corrigan name was
Ormerod Hesketh–Dubois Tuckerton
Sanford Show Corrigan?
Parkinson Harmonds worth Delafontaine? His eyebrows rose.
‘I see I’m on the list !’
‘Do any of the names mean anything to u ? asked inspector. ‘None of them.’ (Christie,2000:34-35)
The dying woman told him something and he got these names down on paper as soon as he could before he forgot them ? the only thing is – would he have done that if he’d been told under seal of the confessional ?’
‘It needn’t have been under a seal of secrecy,’said Lejeune.’suppose, for instance, these names have a connection of –
say, blackmail– ‘ (Christie,2000:37)
Dr. Jim Corrigan concentrated on the list and he was interested in
Hesketth –Dubois (included in the list) but when he called Heskett–
Dubois she had already been dead.
And Lady Heskett – Dubois had a godchild, named Mark
Easterbrook and she heritaged some of her pictures. When Mark
came to pick three of her pictures, Mark met Dr. Jim Corrigan. Mark
and Dr. Jim were friends when they were in college.
Carrying the three water colours of my choise under my arm, I emerged from forty – nine Ellesmere Square and immediately cannoned into someone coming up the step to the front door. I apologised, received apologies in return, and was just about to hail a passing taxi when something clicked in my mind and I turned
Dr.Jim Corrigan had speculated this mystery with Mark, they are old
friends when in the college and then Lady Heskett-Dubois was his
Before leaving, Jim Corrigan told that Lady Heskett – Dubois was
included in the list. Jim wanted to ask some question for the
information about Lady Heskett – Dubois. Mark told that his
godmother (Lady Heskett – Dubois) was a good person. She was
never in valued in a crime such as drugs, blackmail or secret agent.
She lived her live in good way and she did not have children. She
only had a nephew and a niece.
‘Neither a dope addict nor a dope smuggler, ‘ I assured him. ‘certainly not a secret agent. Has led for too blameless a life to have been blackmailed. I can’t imagine what kind of a list shecould
possibly be on. Her jewellery she keeps at the bank so she wouldn’t be hopeful prospect for robbery.’
‘Any other Heskett –Dubois that you know about ?
Sons ?’
‘No children. She’s got a nephew and a niece, I think, but not of
that name. He husband was an only child.’ (Christie,2000:73)
In this paragraph, Mark mention that the Lady Heskett-Dubois was
an old lady who lived alone. Beside that she is a perfect woman and
good godmother for her nephew and niece. She gave Mark’s heritage
such as old painting which is very important for her. This paragraph
shows that relationship of Mark to Lady Heskett-Dubois is as a good
ship, because they trust each other.
3. The appearance of Pale Horse
After the meeting with Dr. Jim, Mark called David his friend to find
dinner days ago. Mark remembered that Poppy once told about pale
horse, that if those who knew or visited Pale Horse, will be killed.
‘But one can do that in a way, can’t one ? ‘said Poppy.
we turned towards her
‘what way, Poppy ?’asked David.
‘well, I mean, people can do that if they want to …..
people like us, as you said. Only I believe it’s very expensive. Poppy’s eyes were wide and ingenuous, her lips were slightly
parted.
‘what do you mean ?’ asked David curiously.
Poppy looked confused.
Oh…. I expect – I’ve got it mixed. I meant the pale horse. All that sort of thing.’
‘A pale horse ? what kind of a pale horse?’
Poppy flushed and her eyes dropped.
‘I’m being stupid. It’s just something someone mentioned–but I
must have got it all wrong.’ (Christie,2000:63)
At the time, friend of David told about Pale Horse and she looks
nervous because if someone knew about the pale horse that person
can be died.
Mark remembered about that, and thought that the pale horse had
closely related to the list. After David gave him, it was a flower
studies Ltd. After finding Poppy, Mark asked about the pale horse
that she ever mentioned few days ago, but she denied that she never
told about pale horse and she look very frightened.
‘I was asking you about the pale horse.’ ‘ A pale horse ? what do you mean ?’ ‘ You mentioned it the other evening.’
‘ I’m sure I never did anything of the kind ! I’ve never heard of any such
Finding David friends only wants to know more about the pale horse
mystery. This paragraph also gives a clue that Mark begins to asking
a Poppy as close friend of David.
4. Mark’s visit to his cousin
Mark came to visit Rhoda, his cousin. After the fete, Mark and the
other’s Rhoda and her husband colonel Despard, Miss Macalister
which called Ginger, Mrs. Oliver, Caleb Dane Calthrop and his wife
having dinner. In the middle of conversation someone mentioned
about pale horse which was an inn.
‘it was an old inn.’said Despard.’mostly sixteenth century I’d say. But it’s just an ordinary house now. I always think they should have changed the name.’ (Christie,2000:82)
In this conversation, Despard didn’t believe about the mystery of
Pale Horse. It just an old name of motel who lived by three woman.
There were three women staying in the pale horse, Thryza Grey,
Sybill and Bella. They look strange and believe in magic. One of
them Bella as the cooker was known to be a witch.
It belongs to Thryza Grey. ’said Rhoda. ‘ I don’t know if you saw her today? Tall woman with short grey hair.’
‘she’s very occult,’said Despard.’Goes in for spiritualism and trances,
……..
‘oh, there’s a friend who lives with her. Sybill Stamfordis. She acts as medium, I believe. You must have seen her about – lots of scarabs and beads – and sometimes she puts on a sari – I can’t
think why– she’s never been in India – ‘
‘and then there’s Bella. ‘said Mrs.Dane Calthrop. She’s their cook,’she explained. ’And she also a witch. She comes from village
of little Dunning. She had quite a reputation for witch craft there. It runs in the family. Her mother was a witch too. (Christie,2000:82-83)
Thryza Grey, Sybill Stamfordis and Bella, they believe about spiritual
and magic.
The next day, they all went to the church after that they had been invited
by Mr.Venables for lunch. They all went to the prior court where
Mr.Venables lived. While they had lunch they also talked about pale
horse. For them that pale horse was a mysterious place.
‘The pale horse ? yes. I rather wish it had been left as an inn. I always
feel that place has had a mysterious and unusually wicked past history. It
can’t have been smuggling ; we’re not near enough to the sea for that. A
resort for highwaymen, perhaps ? or rich travellers spent the night there
and were never seen again. it seems, somehow, rather tame to have
turned it into a desirable residence for three old maids.’
(Christie,2000:88)
The place who lived three old maids gave frightened situation to the
5. Visiting Pale Horse
After having lunch in Mr.Venables house, they went to the pale
horse. As soon as they arrived, Miss Thryza Grey waited in front of
the door for them. Thryza welcomed them warmly and friendly. After
that she shown her house with little trip along the house. Pale horse
was built in fifteenth century.
Rhoda introduced us an explained that we had been lunching with Mr.Venebles at prior Court.
‘Ah !’said Miss Grey.”that explains it ! fleshpots. That italian cook of his ! and all the treasures of the treasure house as well oh well, poor fellow–got to have something to cheer him up. But come in– come in. we’re rather proud of our own little place. Fifteenth –
century–and some of it fourteenth.’
The hall was low and dark with a twisting staircase leading up from
it. There was a wide fireplace and over it a framed picture.’
(Christie,2000:95)
After the trip, Thryza talked to Mark about magic. Thryza believed in
magic while Mark him self didn’t believe in such things called
magic. Thryza told about how to kill people without touching the
victim, we only asked the victim to die, through thought.
‘The maid knowledge of what the mind is –what it can do- what it
can be made to do.’
‘please go on. This is most interesting.’
‘The principle is well known. Medicine –men have used it in
primitive communities for centuries. You don’t need to kill your
This is Thryza’s statement when she describes the magic. She wants
to show Mark what magic she can do and knowledge can not be
reach it.
6. Mark’svisit to Mrs. Dane Calthrop
Mark went to visit Mrs. Dane Calthrop, and told about what he had
talked about with Thryza, that she could kill without touching the
victim. Although it sounded impossible but it could happen, Mrs.
Dane Calthrop said. Mark also talked about the death of father
Gorman and the list. She thought that pale horse was suggestive.
Mrs. Dane Calthrop asked Mark to investigate more about the list and
found out any connection between the death people in the list with
the pale horse.
She was silent for a moment and then said : ‘what we really need is
a link of some kind. A link between one of these names and the pale horse. Something tangible.’(Christie,2000:121)
This conversation shows that the connection between pale horse and
the death people.
7. A Letter for Detective Lejeune
Detective Lejeune accepted a letter from Zachariah Osborne, one of
the witness of father Gorman’s murder. Zachariah wrote that the man
who lived at priors court, much Deeping. After reading the letter
Lejeune and Dr.Jim decided to investigate Mr.Venables.
‘so you think there may be something in it ? what are you going to do
about it ?
‘There will be no harm, in any case. In making a few discreet
inquiries about this Mr.Venables of – he referred to the letter – of
priors court, Much Deeping.’(Christie,2000:129)
This paragraph shows another clue which the mystery can be solve.
8. Mark’s investigation of the pale horse
After talking with Mrs.Dane Calthrop, he wanted to investigate the
pale horse and the possible connection between the lists of name.
Mark asked his friend Hermia to help him to investigate, but Hermia
refused to help because of her busy.
I told him of my conversation with Thryza Grey. His reaction was immediate.
‘what unutterable balderdash !’ (Christie,2000:134)
After long conversation, Mark asked Dr. Jim to help him to
investigate pale horse with all the possible connection to the list. Dr.
Jim refused to help Mark, he thought that all of that was balderdash,
did not make sense at all.
‘ Listen, Jim. I want to investigate this claim of Thryza Grey’s. will
you help me ?’
‘ No, I won’t ! I can’t understand a clever educated fellow like you
‘ Can’t you use another word ? I’m tired of that one.’ ‘ Poppycock, if you like it better.’
‘ I don’t much.’
‘ Obstinate fellow, aren’t you, Mark ?’
‘ As I see it.’ I said, ‘ Somebody has to be !’ (Christie,2000:140).
In his note, Mark need some help for his investigation. He more
curious about Thryza and pale horse, but his friend Hermia and Dr.
Jim refused it.
9. Ginger’s to help for Mark.
Mark was almost hopeless because there was no one wanted to help
him to investigate. Suddenly he remembered Ginger. He asked
Rhoda for the address and phone number. He made a meeting with
Ginger, and talked about what happened. Ginger responded the story
and she loved to help him. They started to make plan about what to
do. She wanted to meet Poppy, if there was information she could
have. She asked Mark to investigate about Thomasina Tuckerton
(one of in the list, which already dead), found out who wanted her
death.
‘ That’s where I can help. ’said Ginger confidently.
‘ She’d fell me things she wouldn’t tell you. Can you arrange for us
to meet ? your friend and her and you and me ? A show, or dinner
or something ?’ Then she looked doubtful. ’or is that too expensive ?’
‘ As for you – ‘ Ginger thought a minute. ‘ I believe,’ she said
whose young man she had pinched. (Christie,2000:155-156)
A few days later, Mark told to Ginger about his investigation to
Thomasina and others who has related to Thomasina. He investigated
Lou –the girl once fighter with Thomasina the other night about man
-. Lou told Mark that she fighted with Thomasina because Gene–the
man – broke her up for Thomasina, because she grabed
Thomasina’s hairs.
‘ not much to report,’she said cheerfully. ‘ I’ve been on to Lou. The
man they quarrelled about was Gene Playdon, by the way. A nasty bit of goods, if you ask me. Very much on to make. The girls all adore him. He was making quite a play for Lou and then Tommy
came along. Lou says he didn’t care for a bit, he was after her
money– but she’d probably want to think that anyway, he dropped
Lou like a hot coal and she was naturally sore about it. According
to her, it wasn’t muchof a row– just a few girlish high spirit.’
‘ Girlish high spirit ! she tugged Tommy’s hair out by the roots.’
(Christie,2000:160)
In this passage, Mark mentions that Thomasina is the beginning
The other name that Mark wanted to investigate was Thomasina’s
step mother, but she was abroad. Mark made an appointment with
Thomasina’s step mother to get some information about Thomasina.
10. When Ginger found some information from Poppy.
Ginger found the information about Mr. Bradley who had connection
with pale horse. Ginger wanted Mark to visit Mr. Bradley to get more
information. Mark went to visit Mr. Bradley and he found that Mr.
Bradley was a person who does the bet. A bet is a dead of a person. If
there was a bet Mr. Bradley would continue by seeing Thryza Grey
to talk about the killing person.
‘ five hundred to one ? that’s pretty steep.’ (Christie,2000:173)
The price to make someone die, soul of someone can be gone.
Mr.Bradley is a lawyer Thryza Grey’s and he is bad person.
11. When Mark met Mrs. Tuckerton (Thomasina’s Step Mother)
Mark went to Mrs. Tuckerton house to get information about her
connection to Thomasina’s death. Because of the heritage, there was
possibility that Mrs. Tuckerton killed Tommy–short for Thomasina
–through pale horse.According to Thomasina’s father, that all of her
father wealth would be hers by the age of twenty–one all of her
A sum in trust, the income to be enjoyed during her lifetime. The residue
of his state, which ran into a sum of six figures, to his daughter
Thomasina Ann, to be hers absolutely at the age of twenty–one, or on
her marriage. If she died before twenty–one unmarried the money was
to go to her stepmother. There had been, it seemed, no other members of
the family. (Christie,2000:182)
When Mark asked her about pale horse, she looked nervous and said
that she never knew about pale horse.
‘By the way, ‘ I said,’ I think you know the pale horse, don’t you ?’
There wasn’t any doubt of the reaction. Panic, sheerpanic, showed in
those pale eyes. Beneath the make-up, her face was suddenly white and
afraid. Her voice came shrill and high :
‘ pale horse ? what do you mean by the pale horse ?
I don’t know anything about the pale horse,’ (Christie,2000:184-185)
In this action, Mark directly gives some statement which make
Thomasina step mother nervous and frightened because the wealth
will through to her step mother.
12. When Mark and Ginger plan to be a client.
To get more information about how the process of killing people,
Mark and Ginger planned to be a client of Mr. Bradley. They were
making a reason who the one to be a target. They made a story that
Mark once married but separated for many years. When Mark wanted
wife to kill so he could marry Hermia –his girlfriend - , and Ginger
will take a rule as Mark’s wife.
‘ you won’t need to hedge. To do the thing properly the wife has got
to be there–and she will be there
!-‘ Brace yourself, !-‘ said Ginger. !-‘ I’m your wife !’
(Christie,2000:195)
Mark did not like with the plan. He was afraid if there was something
bad happened with Ginger. Because of that they would tell the plan
with the police for incase.
‘ I don’t like it. I don’t like to think of you – alone in some place under a false name – with nobody to keep an eye on you. I think, before we embark on this, we ought to go to the police – now – before we try anything else.’(Christie,2000:199).
And then Ginger prepared to be entices to in this mystery and Mark
disagreement to this plan which can scarified ginger self, someone
should know if they want to investigate more.
13. Mark came to Detective Lejeune
Mark came to the detective Lejeune and told about pale horse, three
women (Grey, Sybill and Bella), Mr. Bradley and his plan to be his
client to investigate and get more information about the truth.
‘ Mr.Easterbrook, I see your point. Circumstances have, so to speak, given you the entrée. But I don’t know whether you fully
realize that what you are proposing to do may dangerous – these are dangerous people. It may dangerous for you – but it will
Furthermore, Mark insist to investigate the pale horse because to
many crimes and doesn’t make sense at all.
14. When Mark visit Mr. Bradley.
After telling everything to detective Lejeune, Mark visited Mr
.Bradley. As he arrived, Mark told everything and wanted to do the
bet. He wanted his wife dead so he could marry his girlfriend. Mark
did the bet for killing his wife.
‘well, the odds are on your side, I admit …. But let’s have a wager
on it. Fifteen hundred to one the lady dies between now and
christmas : how’s that ?
‘ sooner ! it will have to be sooner. I can’t wait. There are things …. (Christie,2000:126)
After having a deal and signed some form it was time for the next
step, which went to pale horse and met Thyrza Grey. As soon as he
arrived in much deeping he went to the pale horse and Thryza Grey
welcomed him in. Before doing séance they all had dinner together.
After that they all went to the barn where the seance would be.
‘the old magic and the new. The old knowledge of belief, the new
knowledge of science. Together , they will prevail
….(Christie,2000:240)
At last, Mark meet Mr.Bradley and Thryza to make his wife dead
and mark can married with his girlfriend. Mark in to the dark
organization which is didn’t know about love. They only think that
15. When Ginger got sick.
Ginger get sick, Mark looked worried and according to her doctor
that she has broncho– pneumonia. And it’s a normal disease.
And, of course, all that he said was true. Ginger had broncho –
pneumonia. There was nothing mysterious about the disease from which she was suffering. She just had it – had it badly. (Christie,2000:283)
Mark knows about the disease which Ginger suffers and looked so
badly. The doctor thinks that Ginger disease is not too bad.
16. When a job in C.R.C (Customers Reactions or research) become
weird.
Poppy told that, she had a friend who worked at C.R.C, but she
quitted because she thought there was a connection to pale horse. It
became more interesting because the woman who gave father
Gorman the list also worked at C.R.C. and of course Ginger once
welcomed a girl worked at C.R.C.
It was a woman employed by an association of this kind who had been
visited by father Gorman on the fatal night. And–yes–of course,
someone of that kind had called on Ginger at the falt ….
Here was a link of some kind.
‘ why did she chuck up their job ? because she got bored ?’
‘ I don’t think so. They paid quite well. But she got a sort of idea
about it– that it wasn’t that it seemed.’
According to Poppy friend the pale horse has connected with the
murder. And the girl who visited Ginger to offer something had
worked at C.R.C.this organization worked so clean, and the law can
not touch it.
c. Climax
Climax is the peak of the story, turning point from rising action to
falling action.
Mark was about to go to meet Poppy’s friend who once worked at
C.R.C but phone rang. That was Mrs. Oliver. She told Mark to hire a
woman to help her to mind the house. The girl who came was Edith
Binns. She was the girl who once took care to Lady Heskett –
Dubois. She told that old lady was very sad, her hair was pull out in
handful. Mrs. Oliver said that was exactly what happened to her best
friend Mary Delafontaine, her hair came out, and Thomasina also
been through it . It was some kind of new disease Mrs. Oliver said.
Hearing all about this, Mark thought about everything, about medical
journal article that he had read in New York. Suddenly he got the
answer. He called the detective Lejeune and asked that Ginger’s hair
come out, and the answer yes. Mark told Lejeune that Ginger’s hair
I cluthed the receiver and my head swam. Things, half–remembered
scraps of knowledge, drew together. Rhoda and her dogs on the lawn–
an article I had read in medical journal in New York– of course…Of
course !
I was suddenly a ware that Mrs. Oliver was still quacking happily.
‘ Bless you, ‘ I said. ‘ you’re wonderful !’
I slammed back the receiver, then took it of again.
I dialled a number and was lucky enough this time to get Lejeune straight
away.
‘ Listen,’ I said,’ is Ginger hair coming out by the roots in handsfuls ?’
‘ well – as a matter of fact I believe it is. High fever, I suppose.’ ‘ fever my foot, ‘ I said. ‘ what Ginger’s suffering from, what they’ve all
suffered from, is Thallium poisoning. Please god, we may be in time ….’
(Christie,2000:296)
d. Falling Action
In falling action usually the problems resolved one by one.
1. Pale horse is not about magic but poison.
Finally Mark found out that actually Pale Horse was not magic.
Thyrza used magic as a mask. They used thallium through C.R.C
employee who visited the victim.
‘ At any rate, they’ve verified that it was thallium .’ ‘ Yes, they’ve verified that.’
‘ So , that’s the simple truth behind the Pale Horse. Poison . No
witchcraft, no hypnotism, no scientific death rays. Plain poisoning ! and she flung that at me. Damn her. Flung it in my face. Laughing
To find what the true is, Mark was very upset and cursed to what
Thyrza have been done. Mark felt have been fooled by believe in
what Thyrza said about the magic.
2. Someone who take control
Mark believed there was someone behind these whole things. Every
person had their own job, Mr. Bradley handled about the bet, Pale
Horse ( Thyrza, Bella, Sybill ) handled about the process of killing
people, and people from C.R.C took control to spread the poison, but
there was someone controlling all of this things.
‘ As far as the Pale Horse is concerned, yes. But she’s not real
brains of the show. The real brain works behind the scenes. The
plans and organizes it’s all beautifully dove – tailed, you know. Everyone has his or her job, and no one has anything on anyone else. Bradley runs the financial and legal side. Apart from that, he
doesn’t know what happens elsewhere. He’s handsomely paid, of curse; so is Thyrza Grey.’ (Christie,2000: 299).
3. Job in C.R.C looks weird.
Lejeune interviewed a woman named Eileen Brandon who once
worked at C.R.C. She resigned from C.R.C because she thought
something wrong with that job. Her job was to visit the name on the
list and give some question about cosmetic, food, etc. because she
‘ I told you I couldn’t be definite. She didn’t tell me in so many
words. Only that from what she had overheard, the whole set-up was a racket of some kind.
“ It’s not what it seems to be.” That is what she said. Then she said: “ oh, well, it doesn’t affect us. The money’s very good and we’re not asked to do anything that’s against the low – so I don’t see that we need bother our heads about it.” ( Christie,2000: 305 –
306 ).
The offered to work in this organization is good, so Eileen Brandon
is sales who visited a victim which she got the name from hers office.
4. Zachariah Osborne as the man behind the scene.
Detective Lejeune made a dramatic situation by pretending that
Mr. Venables was the man behind the scene. But the true was that
Lejeune already knew that Mr. Osborne was the man. Lejeune had
been investigated Mr. Osborne. He found that Mr. Osborne put a
pack of thallium in Mr. Venables’s barn, so Mr. Venables could be
accused as the man behind the scene. But Mr. Osborne didn’t know
that he had been monitored by detective Lejeune.
‘ Let me introduce you, Mr. Venables, to Mr.Zachariah Osborne, Pharmacist, late of Barton street, Paddington. You’ll feel a
personal interest in him when I tell you that Mr. Osborne, who has been under observation for sometime, was unwise enough to plan a packet of thallium salt in your potting shed. Not knowing your
disability, he’d assumed himself by casting you as the Vallain of the
piece ; and being a very obstinate, as well as a very stupid man, he
refused to admit he’d made a bloomer.’ ( Christie,2000: 319 )
At last, everyone knew the brain of crime was Mr.Osborne and the
e. Resolution
Resolution is the end of the story. The end of this story is that they
find out what is behind the scene in the pale horse. Because of that
investigation both Mark and Ginger got close to each other.
‘ I took a letter from my pocket.
‘ This came three days ago, asking me if I’d come to the old vic with her
to see love’s labour’s lost.’ Ginger took the letter out of my hand and
tore it up.
‘ if you want to go to the old vic ‘in future, ‘she said firmly, ‘ you’ll go with me.’ (Christie,2000:332)
In this conversation, Ginger show hers interest to Mark.
C. Character
From many characters in the novel, the writer only discusses three
characters because the writer only focuses for the main characters which are
considered have characteristic because of that this analysis is divided into
three characters which is become important part of the novel. The three
characters have a dominant personality trait that makes them have all view
about their position in the neighborhood and the three characters are also
nuclear the neighborhood in the novel.
How Mark Easterbrook involved in the circle of crimes to the story
and relation to the death of someone. The heritage and wealthy can makes
So, the writer interest to find out how the character of Mark, Detective
Lejeune and Ginger which always makes the reader read more deeply.
1. Main Characters
Characters are the persons presented in works of narrative or drama
who convey their personal qualities through dialogue and action by which
the reader or audience understands their thought, feelings, intentions and
motives.
In every story there must be major character and minor character.
Major character or main character means that the characters which are took
a big role or dominant in story. As the writer analyze that the main character
in the novel of “the Pale Horse” are Mark Easterbrook, Ginger and
Detective Lejeune. The writer assume that the main character in this story
that their characters who had been solved the puzzle in the story. The three
of them solve the puzzle by investigating the problem of the murderer they
find out that the murderer was caused by Thallium which done by Pale
Horse.
2. Characterization a. Mark Easterbrook
Mark is a writer and historian. He is Friendly and a clever man
And here was I, Mark Easterbrook, Scholar, Author,
woman with fine eyes, prepared to lay my troubles in her lap.
(Christie,2000:116)
Mark put himself in the middle of the problem that is problem of the murderer. He has been hold by detective lejeune that father Gorman has died and he bought a list of name which each of the name on the list was already died. Mark felt curious about the puzzle of the list. And Mark investigates the problem by invoice inside of it. Until the problem went into the Pale Horse. Pale Horse had been lived by three woman (Thryza Grey, Sybill & Bella) known as a witch, first, Mark assumed that all the death people causes by magic. Ironically that Mark did not believe in things called magic, he is a rational person.
I turned my head to find thyrza looking at me quizzically.
You don’t believe any of it, do you? ‘she murmured but you’re
wrong, you know. You can’t explain away everything as
superstition, or fear, or religious bigotry. There are elemental
truths and elemental powers. There always have been. There
always will be. (Christie,2000:100)
Since he never believed black magic things, he keeps on the investigation by put himself being the client who wants someone death. Until finally he found out that the cause of the death is because of poison of Thallium not because of black magic.
So that’s the simple truth behind the Pale Horse poison. No
witchcraft, no hypnotism, no scientific death rays. Plain poisoning!
After long conversation, Mark thinks about all this mystery more interesting. His investigating works and he can solve the puzzle of the problems.
b. Ginger
Mark knows Ginger when he attended Rhoda’s fête. After the fete
they all have dinner. Ginger is only the nick name, her name is Miss Macalister. She has red hair and work at the painting boutique.
The party consisted of my cousin Rhoda, and her husband
colonel Despard, miss macalister, a young woman with red hair
suitably called Ginger, Mrs. Oliver, and the vicar, the Rev.
(Christie,2000:80-81).
When Mark needs to investigate the relation between Pale Horse and the dead he asks Ginger to join him to find out the truth. Ginger was curious to find out the puzzle, and she agree because she don’t want
just do nothing while a crime happen around. She cares to what happen in all around her. She starts to investigate to find the evidence by asking anybody who knows Pale Horse or anybody which have relation with the person on the list who already die.
Ginger’s voice came briskly.
‘that’s all, is it?
That’s all. I admitted
What are you going to do about it?
You think–I should do something about it?
You can’t have an organization going about bumping people off
and not do anything.’ (Christie,2000:154)
She start asking Poppy, Ginger good in finding clue from the people she been asking too. Ginger is a person that never gives up until she find what she want.
‘yes, I’ve been working on Poppy in a big way. I told you I
could get something out of her if I tired. Once I got her
softened up, it was easy.’ (Christie,2000:163)
When Mark being a client and create a story, where Mark want to marry Hermia while Mark already married. Mark wants to kill his wife and Ginger pretend to be Mark’s wife. Ginger willing to be the
victims. Ginger is very brave, it is dangerous she could hurt herself, she could be dead. She does that as long as the truth open and the murderer should stop.
It’s all very well to invent a fictitious wife, resurectedfrom the
past-they’ll want details-where she lives-all that. And when I try
to hedge-you won’t need to hedge. To do the thing properly the
wife has got to be there-and she will be there-‘Brace yourself,’
said Ginger. ‘I’m your wife!’ (Christie,2000:195)
This conversation talk that Mark and Ginger want to investigate the
pale horse and Ginger wants pretend to be Mark’s wife. Ginger thinks
that interesting mystery.
c. Detective Lejeune
‘he was a sturdy man, dark haired and gray eyed. He had
misleadingly quiet manner, but his gestures were sometimes
surprisingly graphic and betrayed hisFrench Huguenot ancestry.’
(Christie,2000:33)
Lejeune asked people around who was here or see father Gorman. One of the others was Zachariah Osborne. Zach told detective Lejeune about the man who walk behind father Gorman that night. The man that Zach describes is Mr. Venables. But that was impossible because Mr. Venables was paralyzed. Lejeune collect the evidence, and all gone to Zachariah Osborne.
‘let me introduce you, Mr. Venables, to Mr. Zachariah Osborne,
Pharmacist, late of Barton street, Paddington. You’ll feel a
personal interest in him when I tell you that Mr. Osborne, who has
been under observation for sometime, was unwise enough to plant a
packet of Thallium salts in your potting shed. Not knowing of your
disability he’d amused himself by casting you as the villain of the
piece; and being a very obstinate, as well as a very stupid man, he
refused toadmit he’d made a bloomer.’ (Christie,2000:319).
Mark likes detective Lejeune, Mark saw Lejeune as a person who reflected the ability and calmness. Also Lejeune had a great imagination, he was flexible and not orthodox.
I like Divisional Detective-Inspector Lejeune at first sight. He had an air
of quite ability. I thought, too, that he was an imaginative man-the kind of
man who would be willing to consider possibilities that were not orthodox
. (Christie,2000: 201).
With his forefinger Lejeune traced interlacing circles on the table in front
of him. Then he looked up sharply. (Christie,2000: 205).
At last the police can solve the mystery and had the evidence
D. Theme
Theme is not summary of the story. Theme in literature is important
subject and experiences of our public and private lives such as, love,
death, marriage, hope, despair, and so on. The common experiences in life
can become a theme in literature.27
And the word theme is defined by the presence of this idea, for to be
theme; a piece of writing must have the central idea as its core. Everything
in the theme should be directly related to this idea or should contribute to
the reader, understanding of the idea.28
The theme in this novel is about murderer which the greedy as the
background of the murderer itself. All the death people became the victims
of the murderer. The client came to Mr. Bradley to get a bet and then
people from the pale horse will take control. First, the assumption was that
people died because of black magic, because the people from the pale
horse were known as a witch. But finally Mark Easterbrook found out that
all the people whose dead are poisoned by Thallium.
27
Nicholas Marsh,An Introduction to literary studies, London: Rutledge,1999,1st.ed.P.2
28
