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ﻥﺍﺩﺭَﻭ
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ﻞــُﭘ
ﺯﺍ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ
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ﯼﺍﻪﺳﺮَﭘ
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ﻭ ﻢﻨﮐ ﺪﻳﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺖّﻴﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺳﺩ ﯽﻟﺎﺠﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺎﭘ ﻩﺎﻣﻥﺎﺑﺁ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﻭ ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺑﺩﺮﺳ ﻭ «ﻪﭽﻳﺭﺩ» ﻦﻳﺯﻭ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻨﻳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻡﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﯽﻳﺎﻬﺘﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ
.ﻢﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺏﺎﺘﻫﺯ ﺪﻴﺠﻣ ﯼﺎﻗﺁ ﻥﺁ ﯼﺎﺷﻮﮐ
ﺎﻳ ﻞﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﺎﺑ ٬ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﯽﮐﺩﻮﮐ ﻡﺎﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺴﮐ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﮓﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧﺭ ﯽﻳﺎﻫﻩﺮﻁﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﺩﺮﮔ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻄﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯼﺍﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﺭﺩ ٬ﻪﺧﺮﭼﻭﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﻞﺻﺎﺣﺮﭘ ﯼﺎﻬﻏﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻡّﺮﺧ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺘﺸﮐ ﻭ ﻩﻮﺒﻧﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﺷﻭﺮﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺷﻮﺟ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ
ﺵﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺰﻴﭼ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺍ ٬ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺶﻨﻫﺫ ﯼﺎﻓﺭﮊ
ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺰﻟﺎﻤﺟ ﯽﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ
ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ «ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ» ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﺭﺩ «ﯽﻧﺎﺠﻨﻟ» ﮤﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﮥﻣﻮﺣ ﻭ ﺮﻬﺷ
ﯼﺎﻬﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺩﻻﻮﻓ ﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺁ ﺏﻭﺫ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺳ ِﺐﻠﻁﺏﺁ ِﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﮏﻨﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ
ﯼﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ﯼﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻥﺎﻳﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﯼﻭﺯﺍﺮﺗ ﮥﻔﮐ ﺎﻬﻧﺍﺪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﯼﺮﺑﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺪﻣ
ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺩ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺍﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﺭﺎﻈﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﮕﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﺏﺎﻘﻧ ﺖﺸﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ
ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ٬ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻝﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﮔﺍ ٬ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﯽﺑﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﯽﺴﻳﺩﺮﮔﺩ ﺵﻮﺨﺘﺳﺩ
— ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺥﺭ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﯽﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﯽﻳﻮﮔ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ِﺯﻭﺮﻳﺩ ﯼﺍﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ِﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻔﮔ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻡﻼﮐ
.ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻢﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ — ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻨﮑﻣﺍ ﯽﻣﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺘﺣ
ﻥﺎــﺠــﻨﻟﻭﺩ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ِﺖﺳﺩﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳ ﯽﮐﻮﻠﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺠﻨﻟ
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﯼﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ (ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﮑﻳﺩﺰﻧ ٬ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ) ﯽﻠﻔﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﯽﻣ
ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ (ﺮﺗﺭﻭﺩ ٬ﻻﺎﺑ) ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺟﺭﻭﻼﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ
.ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﮕﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ٬ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺟﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻭ ﻦﮐﺮﮔ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﻔﺳ ِﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ
ِﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ِﯽﺑﻮﺳﺭ ِﮎﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺢﻄﺴﻣ ِﻦﻴﻣﺯ .ﺩﺭﺬﮔﯽﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ ـ ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ ِﺩﺍﺪﺘﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻫﯼﺩﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺍﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﺏﺁ ﮤﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﺸﮑﻫﺯ
ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﮐ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﯼﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳ ﯼﺰﺒﺳﺮﺳ ﮥﮕﻠﺟ ٬ﯼﺍﻩﺭﺍﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘﻢﻬﺑ ﯼﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺘﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻁﺎﺤﻣ ﻥﺁ ﯼﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﻣﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ
ﯽﻠﮐ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶِﻤﻏُﺪﻳﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺷُﺍ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﻘﺘﺑ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ
ﻥﺍﺮﻴﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﻒﺠﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺮﻧﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺯﺍﻮﺘﻣ ﻩﻮﮐ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ ـ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ
ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻴﺑﮓﻨﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻁ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﺤﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ .ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺤﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ
ﻭ ﺪﺘﻓﺍﯽﻣ ﺖﺷﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭ (ﻦﻫﺁﺏﻭﺫ ﮥﻧﺎﺧﺭﺎﮐ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ) ﻥﺍﺩﺮُﮕﻤﭼ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺥُﺭ ﻪﻧﺩﺮﮔ
.ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﯽﻔﻠﺳ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﻪﺑ ﭗﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻡﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻦﻬﭘ ﺞﻳﺭﺪﺘﺑ
ﻭ ﺶﻤﻏﺪﻳﺁ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺨﻧﺎﻣﺯ ِﻞﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ِﺯﺎﺳﺖﺳﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭﺩ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﻤﭼ ﺖﺳﺩﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪّﻠﮐ ﻞﭘ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯﯼﺍﻩﺭﺍﻮﻫﺎﻣﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ - 1 ﻞﮑﺷ
ﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﯼﺍﻪﮕﻠﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺒﻣﺎﻧ ﻞﭘ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻁ
ﻞﭘ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺐﻴﺷ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ِﺩﺍﺪﺘﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﯽّﻄﺧ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ
ﻪﻠﮐﻞﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺭﺩ ۱/۷ ﺐﻴﺷ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ — ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺭﺩ ۴/۷ ﻪﻠﮐﻞﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺨﻧﺎﻣﺯ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻞﭘ ﺎﺗ1
ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﭻﻴﭘﺎﭽﻴﭘ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ِﺐﻴﺷﺮُﭘ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ِﯽﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺖﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ
ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ meander ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺮﺒﻨﭼ ﯼﺎﻫﻢَﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ .(۱
ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ِﻡﺍﺭﺁ ِﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻭ ﺐﻴﺷﻢﮐ ِﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻢﭼ ِﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻁﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ .ﻢﻣﺎﻧﯽﻣ «ﻢَﭼ» ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﯽﻠﺤﻣ
ﯽﭘ ﺭﺩ S ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﻘﻠﺣ ٬ﯽﻠﺣﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﻮﺸﺑﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻡﺍﺭﺁ ﯼﺎﻫﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ
٬ﻩﺪﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺘﻫﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺏﺁ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻩﺮﻳﺍﺩﻢﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺱﻮﻗ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺎﮕﻧﺁ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﺗﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺍّﺰﺠﻣ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﯼﺍﻩﺮﻳﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻢﭼ
ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ٬ﯽﻘﻓﺍ ِﯽﺴﻳﺩﺮﮔﺩ ﯼﺎﺠﺑ ٬ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻩﺮﺨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ
entrenched ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﺮﺗﺩﻮﮔ ﻪﺘﻓﺭﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﭼ ِﮊﻮﮐِﻞﺣﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺳﺭ
ﻞﭘ ﺎﺗ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﻤﭼ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﮐ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔﯽﻣ meander
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﯽﺳﻮﻨﻴﺳ ِﻢﻈﻨﻣﻪﻤﻴﻧ ِﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻞﮑﺸﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ّ ﺪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺮﺗﺯﺍﺮﻓ ﻢﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺨﻧﺎﻣﺯ
.ﺩﺮﮐ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ ﻞﻳﺫ ﺭﺩ ٬ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ «ﻢﭼ» ﺯﺍ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻳﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﮤﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ
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ﺎﻴﻠﻋﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯﺭﺩﺎﻬﻤﭼﺯﺍﯽﮑﻳ - ﺍﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ
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ﺪﻬﻋ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ِﺖﺷﺩ ﺎﻳ ﯽَﺟ ﮥﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺩﺍﺰﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﮥﮕﻠﺟ
ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻗﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮑﺑﺮﻴﭘ ﯽﻓﻮﮐ ﮥﺒﻴﺘﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺟﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﺪﺠﺴﻣ ﯼﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ1
ﻥﺁ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ ﺪَﻧﺍﻮﺧﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺖﻳﻻﻭ ﮥﻧﺎﮕﺘﺸﻫ ﯽﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﯽﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﷲﺪﻤﺣ ٬ﺪﻬﻋ
.ﺩﺭﺎﻤﺷﯽﻣﺮﺑ ﺩﺎﺸﻴﻠﮐ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺭﺪﻬﻗ ﻭ (ﻥﺎﻣﻮﮐ ﺎﻳ) ﻥﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺍﺭ2
ﻥﺎـﮕـﻳﺭﺪـﻬـﮐ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧﯽﻣ ﻥﻮـﮔﺭِﺪـﮐ ﻥﺎﻴﻣﻮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺭﺪﻬﻗ
ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﯽﺗﺎﻨﻗ ﻪﺑ «ﯽﮐ» ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ (ﺰﻳﺮﻬﮐ) ﺰﻳﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ «ﻪﻗ» ﺎﻳ «ﻪﮐ» .ﺩﺮﮐ ﯼﺯﺎﺳﺯﺎﺑ
.ﺩﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﺏﺁ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﭼ ْﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﯼﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ3
ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ِﯽﻟﺰﻨﻣﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﺠﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺮﺴﺧﺮﺻﺎﻧ
ﺮﺘﻨﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﯽﻤﮐ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟﻥﺎﺧ .ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻥﺎـﺠﻨﻟﻥﺎـﺧ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺁ ﮥﻌﻠﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﯼﺍﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ٬ﺩﺮﮐ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻮﮕﺘﻔﮔ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻦﻴﻁﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺷﺭﻮﺷ ﯼﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ
ﻪﮐ 4ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﯽﮕﻨﺳﺮﻓ ﺶﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺯﻭﺮـﻴﻓ ْﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯼﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ِﻝﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻴﺑﺎﻤﮐ .ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ ﺔـﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻁﻮﻄﺑﻦﺑﺍ
ْﺩﻮﺧ ﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ِﻞﻫﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺍﺯﻭﺮـﻴﻓﻭﺮـﻬُﺳ ٴ ﻩﺪﮑﻫﺩ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ (ﻪﻨﻬﮐ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ) ﯽﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺐﻠﻗ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳ ﯽﻈﻔﻟ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ًﺍﺮﻫﺎﻅ «ﺮﻬُﺳ» ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔﯽﻣ ﻥﻭﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓﺮُﺳ
— ﻦﻳﻭﺰﻗ «ﺩﺭﻭَﺮﻬُﺳ» ﻭ «ﺏﺍﺮﻬُﺳ» ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ءﺰﺟ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ «ﺥﺮُﺳ» ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
.ﻢﻴﺑﺎﻳﯽﻣ — «ﺥﺮﺳ ﻞﮔ» ﯼﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ًﺍﺮﻫﺎﻅ
ًﺍﺮﻫﺎﻅ ٬ﺖﺳﺍ (ﺮﻬﺷﻦﻳﺭﺯ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ) ﺖﺳﺍﻮـﺨﻣﺎﻧﺭَﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ِ ﺭﺍﺪﻧﺍﻮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﯽﻣﺎﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ «ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺭﺯ ِﺭﺎﮔﺩﺎﻳ» ﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺨﻣﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﯼﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭَﻭ :ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺐﮐﺮﻣ
.253ـ279ﺹ٬1344 ٬ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ٬ناهفصایخیراتراثآۀنیجنگ٬ﺮﻓﺮﻨﻫﷲﻒﻄﻟ . 1
.51ﺹ٬1915 ٬ﻥﺪﻴﻟ٬ﺞﻧﺮﺘﺴﻟﯼﺎﮔﺶﺷﻮﮐﻪﺑ٬بولقلاتهزن٬ﯽﻓﻮﺘﺴﻣﷲﺪﻤﺣ . 2
.ﻢﺘﺴﻫﻥﺎﻴﺳﺎﺑﺮﮐﻦﻴﺴﺣﺱﺪﻨﻬﻣﻡﺰﻳﺰﻋﯽﻳﺍﺩﻥﻮﻫﺮﻣﺍﺭﯼﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁﮤﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩﺮﮕﻳﺩﯼﺎﻫﯽﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩﺯﺍﯼﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑﻭﻪﺘﮑﻧﻦﻳﺍ .3
ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﻔﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻞﻴﺴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻴَﺧ ِ ﭗﺳﺎﺟﺭَﺍ ٬ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﺕﻮﻋﺩ ﭗﺳﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻪﮐ
.ﺵﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺍﺭ ﮓﻨﺟ ﺎﻳ ﻦﮐ ﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﺸﻫ ﻭﺩﺎﺟ ِﺶﻓَﺭَﺪﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺰﻫ ِﺖﺳﺍﻮﺨﻣﺎﻧ
ﺩﻮﺧ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﮏﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺟﺭﻭﻼﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎـﺟﺭﻭﻼـﻓ ْ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻭ ﻞﭘ ﮏﻳ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻞﺻﺍ ْﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔﯽﻣ ﻥﺎـﮔﺭَﻭﻞـُﭘ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻞﻫﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺮﻬﺷ
.ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ «ﮒﺮﺑ» ﺎﻳ «ﮒﺮﮔ» ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓﺮﻴﻏ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮒﺭﻭ .(ﺖﺴﻫ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺖﺳﺩﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ
ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﯼﺍﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣﺎﻋ ﮥﻴﻤﺴﺗ ﻪﺟﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻣﺄﻣ ﺵﺍﺮﺗﯽﻨﻌﻣ ِ ﻢﻠﻗ ﺵﻭﺍﺮﺗ ﺪﺑﻻ «ﻥﺎﺟﺭﻭﻼﻓ»
ِﻥﺪﺷﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺲﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﯽﻧﺎﺑ ﺭِﻭﻼﻓ ﻥﺎﺟ ﻡﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﯼﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻡﺍﻩﺪﻴﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﺟﺭﻭﻼﻓ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﺟﺭﻭﻼﻓ ْﻞﻴﻣﺎﻓ ﻭ ﻢﺳﺍ
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ﻥﺍﺮﺠـﻨﺳﺁ — ﻥﺎـﺠﻨﻴﺗﺮُﭘ — ﻥﺎـﺠﻨﻟﻮﺧ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﺠﻨﻟﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﺠﻨﻟﺁ ﻭ ﺞـﻨﻟ ﯼﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ِﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ِﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺭﺍﺩﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﺯﺍ
ﻭ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ِﯽﻧﺎﻌﻣ «ﺞﻨﻟ» ِﻞﻳﺫعطاGGGGGGGGقناGGGGGGGGهرGGGGGGGGب ؟ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺞـﻨﻟ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺒﻧﺍ «ﺞﻨﻟ» ءﺰﺟ
ﻞﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ :ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻧﯽﻣ ناGGهGGفGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGصاا ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﻨﺟ ﯽﻠﻋﺪﻴﺳ ﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺮﮐﺫ ﺍﺭ ﻦﺘﺨﻳﻭﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﮐﺮﺑ
ِﺏﺁ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﮥﮕﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ِﺖﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ 1 ﻪﺑ ﺏﺁ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﯼﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﻧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﮥﮑﺒﺷ ﮥﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐﺮﺑ
.ﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳﺭﯽﻣ2
ﯼﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﯽﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ «ﺞﻨﻟ» ءﺰﺟ
ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ vaـ ﯽﻠﻌﻓ ﺪﻧﻮﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺞﻨﻟ ﺯﺍ (ﻥﺍﺮﻴﻤﺷ ﯼﺎﻫﻩﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ) ﮏَﺠﻨِﻟِﻭ ﻪﮐ ﻡﺍﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ
ﻭ ﺩﻭﺮﮕﻨﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻖﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﻫ ﯽﮑﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻦـﺠﻨـَﻟَﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻢﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍﯽﻣ
.ﻡﺮﺑﯽﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻪﮕﻨﻟ ﺭﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﯽﺗﻮﺻ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ thanjـ ِﻥﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﺸﻳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺞـﻨـﻟ ﻆﻔﻟ
ﻦَﺠﻨَﻫ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﺍﺬﻟ .(ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻦﺘﺨﻫﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻴﺠﻨﻫ ﻝﺎﻌﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ «ﺞﻨﻫ» ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ًﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺞﻨـُﺧ ﻭ
.183ﺹ٬1371 ٬ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ٬ﺮﺼﻧﺱﺎﺒﻋﺶﺷﻮﮐﻪﺑ٬ناهفصاا٬ﺏﺎﻨﺟﯽﻠﻋﺪﻴﺳﺮﻴﻣ .1
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺠﻬﻟ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻀﻌﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ «ﺞﻨَﺗ» ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻣ ﮥﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﻣﻮﺳ
؟ﺪﻧﻆﻔﻟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯼﻭﺎﺣ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﺠﻨﻴﺗﺮُﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﺠﻨﻴﺗ ﯼﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺎﻳﺁ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﯽﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ «ﻪﻨﺸﺗ»
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ «ﮏﻠﻤﻟﺍﺢﻳﺮﺻ» ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﯼﺍﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺭﺎﺟﺎﻗ ﮤﺭﻭﺩ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻦﻳﺍ ِﺕﺎﻧﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ٬ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺕﺎﮐﻮﻠﺑ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻁﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺷﺮﺳ ﻪﮐ 1ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺍﺭﺁﻡﺯﺭ ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﮐﺫ 3 2ﻥﺎـﺠﻤﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮـﺠﻨﺳﺁ ﯼﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﮥﺸﻳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻣ ﮥﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ «ﺞﻨﺳ» ﯼﻭﺎﺣ ﻡﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺮﺑﯽﻣ
.ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﯼﺎﻨﻌﻤﺑ «ﻥﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ» ﻪﮐ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ـــ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
thanjـ ﮥﺸﻳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻣ ﮥﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ — ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﻗﺎﻘﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ
ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺠﻧﺮﻐﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﻧﺁ — ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻬﻧ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﮥﻨﮑﻣﺍ ﯽﻣﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ (ﺞﻨﺳ ﻭ ﺞﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺞﻨﻟ)
؟ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﺸﻧﻪﺗ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﮥﻳﻻ ﺪﻨﭼ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ
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ﮏﻳ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳ ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺭﺎﮑﺘﺳﺩ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ِﺯﺍﺮﻁ ِﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺷ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﮑﺘﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺍﺭ ﺮﮐﺬﻟﺍﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ .ﻢﻴﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻩﺮﮑﻧ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺍﻪﻓِﺮﻌَﻣ — ﯽﻏﻭﺮﻓ ﻡﻮﺣﺮﻣ ﻝﻮﻘﺑ — ﻢﻠﻗ ِﺵﺩﺮﮔ
ﺮﻬﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻢﻫِﺮﺳ ٬ﻥﺎــﮔﺭﺩﺁ ﻭ ﺞـﻨﻟ ٬ﻪﻳﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﯼﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ـــ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﮤﺯﺍﻭﺁ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺑ ـــ
ﺖﺳ ﯽﻣﺎﻧ ٬ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻮﺤﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫﻩﺮﻁﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﮔﺭﺩﺁ .ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺁ
.«ﺶﺗﺁ» ٬«ﺭﺫﺁ» ﻪﺑ ﺏﻮﺴﻨﻣ
ﻡﺎﻧ ﻩﺩﺮﮐﻢﮔ ﯼﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺐﮐﺮﻣ (ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮕﻤﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﻤﮐ) ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ «ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺮﻬﺷ»
.ﺍﺪﺧ ﯽﻨﻌﻤﺑ «ﻎﺑ» ﺎﻳ «ﯽﺑ» ﺯﺍ ﻖﺘﺸﻣ ًﺍﺮﻫﺎﻅ ؛ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﻳ .ﺖﺳﺍ
.ﺪﺷ ﺭﻮﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﻬﺷﻥﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ٬ﮏﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﮥﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺩﺎـﻨﻴﻣ ﺵﺍﻪﻳﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺃﻮﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻣﺎﻧ ِﻥﺎـﺟﺮﺘﺷﺍ
ﯼﺍﻩﺪﮑﻫﺩ ًﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﮑﺑﺮﻴﭘ ﯽﮑﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ (.ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﯽﺗﺪﻣ ﺮﻬﺷﻥﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﻡﺭﻭﺁﯽﻣ ﺩﺎﻴﺑ)
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﺘﻧﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻨﻌﻤﻴﺑ ﻆﻔﻟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ِ ﻥﺎﮕﻘﻴﻠﺳﺵﻮﺧ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﯼﺎﺟ ﻥﺍﺭﺎــﭘ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﺳﺵﻮﺧ
ﺯﺍﺮﮑﺸﺗﺎﺑ .62077/8416 ﺖﺒﺛﮤﺭﺎﻤﺷ٬ﯽﻠﻣﯼﺍﺭﻮﺷﺲﻠﺠﻣﮥﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐﺮﻬﻣﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻬﻤﻣﯽﻄﺧﮥﺨﺴﻧ٬ﮏﻠﻤﻟﺍﺢﻳﺮﺻ .1 ﻦﻳﺍﺩﻭﺍﺩﻝﺁﯽﻠﻋﺪﻴﺳﯼﺎﻗﺁ ﻡﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩﺖﺳﻭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﺎﻬﻧﻡﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺲﻳﻮﻨﺘﺳﺩﻦﻳﺍﺯﺍﯼﺍﻪﺨﺴﻧﻪﮐﻮﻠﻗﺮﻗﺙﺮﻣﻮﻴﮐﺮﺘﮐﺩ
.ﻡﺭﺍﺪﻧﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩﻥﺁﻪﺑﻪﮐﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭﭖﺎﭼﻪﺑﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗﺭﺩﺍﺭﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ
.ﺖﺴﻫﺰﻴﻧﮎﺍﺭﺍﻭﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍﺖﺷﺩﻭﺭﺭﺩﻥﺍﺮﺠﻨﺳﺁﻡﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ .31 ﻭ 35 ﯼﺎﻫﮒﺮﺑ٬ﮏﻠﻤﻟﺍﺢﻳﺮﺻ .2
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺒﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﻬﺷﻦﻳّﺭﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﮏﻨﻳﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﺰــﻳﺭ .ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ «ﺮﻬﺷﻥﺍﺭﺎﻬﺑ»
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ
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ﺩﻭﺭ ِﻞﺣﺎﺳ ِﻦﻴﻣﺯ — ؟ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﭼﻢــ َﭼ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ (ﺩﺍﺰﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﻨﻌﻤﺑ ﯽﮐﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ) ﺶِﻤﻏُﺪﻳﺁ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ
.ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ْﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻦﻬﮐ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ
ﺍﺭ ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ (ﻥﺁ ﺰﺟ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﮏﻠﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﺖﺠﻬﺑ) ﺖﺳﺍ «ﺩﺎﺑﺁ» ْﺪﻧﻮﺴﭘ ﺍﺭ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ
ﻢﻳﻭﺭ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻭ (ﺎﻬﻨﻳﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﯽﻘﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻭ ﯽﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺳ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ) ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ْﺪﻧﻮﺸﻴﭘ
.ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﺮﺗﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﯽﮐﺮﺗ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ
.ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ «ﻢَﭼ» ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺐﻠﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﯼﺭﺪﻗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻫﺁﺏﻭﺫ ﮥﻧﺎﺧﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﮑﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮُﮕﻤﭼ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮑﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﻮﻧﻢﭼ ﻭ ﯽﻘﺗﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺮﻴﭘﻢﭼ ﻭ ﮏﭼﻮﮐﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﺳﺁﻢﭼ ٬ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺎﻬﺑ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺵﻮﺣ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ٬ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻕﺎﻁ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﯽﻠﻌﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺰﻳﺮﻬﮐ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻡّﺮﺧ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺸﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﭼ ﻥﺎﺨﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻞﭘ ﯽﻟﺍﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
ﻒﺻ ﺎﻫﻢﭼ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺟﻮﻓ ﺰﻴﻧ (ﺩﺮﮐﺮﻬﺷ ِﺭﻻ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ) ﻥﺎﮔﺩﺎﭼ ﯼﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺗﺖﺳﺩﻻﺎﺑ .ﺭﺎﻧ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺪﻴﺣ
ﺭﺩ ــــ ﯼﺭﺎﻣ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺎﮐﺎﮐﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻞﮕﻨﺟﻢﭼ ﻭ ﮓﻨﭼﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻪﻔﻴﻠﺧﻢﭼ ﻭ ﯽﻟﺎﻋﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺯﻢﭼ :ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺁ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﯼﺎﻫﻪﺑﺎﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﻳ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺖﺳﺩﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﻢﭼ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﯽﺗﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﻮﮔ ﻢﭼ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻢﭼ ﮏﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﯽﻠﻔﺳ ِﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ «ﺭَﺩﻢﭼ»
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﻮﮑﻧ ﺎﻫﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺍ ﺎﻳﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ
ﺭﺩ ﻁﺎﺤﻣ ِﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻢﭼ ﺪﻨﺘﻔﮔ .ﻡﺪﻴﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻞﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ .ﺩﺮﮐ ﺐﻠﺟ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻬﺟﻮﺗ «ﻢﭼ» ﻆﻔﻟ
ْﺕﺎﻫﺩ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﭼ ﯼﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺱﺪﺣ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ِﻢﺧ
ﺪﻬﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺶِﻤﻏُﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﮐ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﯼﺍﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻳﺍﺩ ﺮﻬﺷ ﮤﺪﻨﻳﺍﺰﻓ ﺱﻮﻔﻧ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻤﺑ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﯽﺘﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﮐ ﯼﻮﻔﺻ
ﯼﺎﻫﻢﺧ ﻭ ﭻﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ِﯽﺑﻼﻴﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺰﻴﺨﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺕﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﻭﺮﮔ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﻨﺑ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﯽﻳﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ِﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ
ِﻝﺩﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﻢﭼ ْﺖﺴﺨﻧ .ﻡﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﻬﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻫﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ «ﻢﭼ» ِﻝﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﯼﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺭﺩ
ﻢﭼ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﯼﻮﺴﺑ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﻡﺮﺧ ِﺩﻭﺭ ﮥﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﻢﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﺟﻭﺮﺑ ِﻥﺎﻣﺪﻨﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺎﮔ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮐﺮﻬﺷ
ﻥﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ٬ﯽﭘﺎﻴﭘ ﯼﺎﻫﻢﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺼﺤﻣ ٬ﺮﻴﺠﻧﺍ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﻢﭼ ﻭ (ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺩ) ﻭﻮﻳﺩ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺰﮔ
ﻭ ﺰﮔﻢﭼ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ِﯽﻨﺴﻤﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﭼ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩﺎﺑﺁﻡﺮﺧ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻔﻟِﺩ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ
ﺶﻴﭘ ٬(ﻥﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ) ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺪﻨﻫ ﮥﮕﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﻢﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻞﮔﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺘﻳﺯ ﻢﭼ
ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺖﻴﭼ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻪﺗﺍﺮﭼ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﯽﺴﻴﻋ ﻒﻠﺧ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻪﮕﻠَﮐ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻼﻣ ﻢﭼ ٬ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﺞﻴﻠﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺯﺍ
.ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﻮﺧ ﺎﺟ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﯼﺎﻫﺮﺒﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻧ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺪﻳﺯ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺳ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺒﻌﺷ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺏﻮﻧﺮﺧ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻡﺎﻧﻢﭼ ﯼﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻢﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﺰﻳﺭ ﮥﺸﻘﻧ ﮤﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ
.ﺪﻳﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻊﺑُﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ«ﻢﭼ» ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻢﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺎﻫﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ
ﯼﺎﻬﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ .ﺪﻧﺰﮐﺮﻤﺘﻣ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻢّﺨﻔﻣ ﻪﻠﻟﺍﻒﻄﻟ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ٬«ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ» .ﺩﺮﮐﯽﻣ ﺏﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ
ﯼﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ْﻡﺎﻧ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﮐ (۱۳۳۹) ﺖﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻗﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ٬ﻢﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﮐﺫ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ «ﻢﭼ» ﻪﺑ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻣ ِﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻩﺎﺠﻨﭘﻭﺪﺻ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻢﺨﻔﻣ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﻴﮔﺍﻭ
ًﻼﺜﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻭ1
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ِ ﺭﺍﺩﻢﭼ ﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﮏﻳﻭﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ٬ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻩﺩﺯﺍﻭﺩ
ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﮐﺎﻤﮐ
.ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻔﮐ
ﺭﺩ ﻢﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ
۱۳۳۹ ﻝﺎﺳ ﯼﺎﻫﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ۱ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﯼﺎﻫﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ۲ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ
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ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ۲ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ ﯼﺮﻈﻧ .ﺪﻳﺁﯽﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﯼﺍﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﭼ ﯼﺪﻣﺎﺴﺑ ِﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻴﻨﻴﺒﺑ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻳﺍ ﻭ ﯼﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮُﻟ ﯼﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﭼ ﻡﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺮـُﻟ ِﺩﺎـﺑﺁﻡّﺮﺧ ِﻢﻬﺳ ْﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ
ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﮑﻧﺎﻨﭼ ٬ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺮﻘﻓ ۲ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ِﺩﺮﺟﻭﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻝﺎﺣ ٬ﻩﺮﻘﻓ ۲۷ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ
ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﻢﭼ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ٬ﺪﻧﺍﻥﺎﺑﺯﺮﻟ ﻪﮐ ﻥﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺘﺷﻮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﻢﭼ ِﺭﺎﻤﺷ ٬ﺩﻭﺭﯽﻣ
ْﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ِﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ْﺖﻗﻭ ِﯼﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﻭﺭﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺏﺮﻋ ً ﺎﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ِﺮﻬﺸﻣﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷﯽﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺪﻨﻫ ْﺮﻬﺸﻣﺮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺰﻣﺮﻬﻣﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻞﮕﺘﻔﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺬﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳﺪﺠﺴﻣ
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ِﻒﻴﻁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ «ﻦـﻤـﭼ» ِﻒﻔﺨﻣ ْﺭﺍﺰﻏﺮﻣ ِﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻢــَﭼ ﺭﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ٴﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺮﻈﻨﺑ.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ «ﻢﺧ ﻭ ﭻﻴﭘ» ِﯽﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ
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:ﻢﻳﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ «ﻢﭼ» ﺯﺍ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺎﺗ؛ﺏﺎﺗ ﻭ ﭻﻴﭘ ـ۱
؛(ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﯼﺎﻫﺖﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ) ﺩﻮﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻢﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ـ۲
؛(ﯼﺮـُﻟ) ﺩﻭﺭ ﻞﺣﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ـ۳
.(ﯼﺩﺮـُﮐ) ﺩﻭﺭ ـ۴
ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﯼﺎﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﯽﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﮥﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻒﻴﻁ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻟﻻﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺮﻈﻨﺑ
٬ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﭻﻴﭘ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻊّﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﺑ ٬(kamp ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﺸﻳﺭ ﺯﺍ) ﻢﻳﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﺏﺎﺗ ﻭ ﭻﻴﭘ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻢﭼ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ ِﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ٬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻞﺣﺎﺳ ﺲﭙﺳ ٬ﺩﻭﺭ ﭻﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻁﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺲﭙﺳ
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ﻪﺑ ﺮﻅﺎﻧ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﮥﻧﺍﺮﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﭘ ﯼﺎﻬﻤَﭼ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ٬ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻳﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ
ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﻮﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺎﻣ ِﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺖﺳ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﺑﺯﺮـُﻟ ِﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﮎﺮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻤﭼ ﯽﻗﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺮﻟ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻟﺎﻋ ﻢﭼ ﺍﺭﺁﻡﺯﺭ ْﺩﺮﮐﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﻻ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ؛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
ﻭ ﯽﻟﺎﻋ ﻢﭼ ﯼﺎﻬﻳﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻅﺎﻧ ﺮﻴﻧ ﺭﺫﺁ ﻢﻴﮑﺣ ﺮﺘﮐﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ
:ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻧﯽﻣ ﺎﮐﺎﮐﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻞﮕﻨﺟﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺯﻢﭼ ﻭ ﻪﻔﻴﻠﺧ ﻢﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻧ ﻢﭼ
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ًﺎﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮕﻴﺒﻠﻳﺍ ﯼﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ) ﺪﻧﺍﻥﺎﺑﺯﮎﺮﺗ ﯽﮕﻤﻫ ﻡﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﻟﺎﻫﺍﯽﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ٬ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﻟ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮓﻨﭼ ﻢﭼ ﯼﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻴﺒﺴﭼ
ﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﮎﺮﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ .(ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻭ ﯽﮐﺮﺗ ٬ﯼﺮﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﯼﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺳ ﻢﮐﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍﯽﻳﺎﻘﺸﻗ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﺸﻧﺎﺠﮑﻳ
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔﯽﻣ «ﻦﺘﻓﺭﻩﺍﺭ» cam ﮥﺸﻳﺭﺯﺍﺍﺭﯼﺩﺮﮐ «ﻢﭼ» ﻪﮐﺖﺳﺍﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧﯽﺧﺮﺑﺎﺑﺽﺭﺎﻌﻣﺮﻈﻧﻦﻳﺍ .1
ِﻡﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ْﺪﻧﻮﺴﭘ ِﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ «ﺭﺩﺎﺑ» ﺮﮔﺍ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻦﮑﻤﻣﺎﻧ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﺷﯽﻣ «ﺭَﺩﺎﭘ» ﺪﻴﺳﺭﯽﻣ ﺎﻣ1
ﺵﺍﯽﻧﺎﺒﻬﮕﻧ ﺵﻭﺮﺳ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻳﺎﺟ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺎـﻔﺷﻭﺮﺳ ٬ﺽﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺝﺭﺪﻨﻣ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ
«ﺩﺰﻳﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ» ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ «ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺎﺑ ﻎـَﺑ» ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺎﺑ ﻍﺎﺑ ٬ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﮐﯽﻣ
ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ِﺪﻧﻮﺴﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺠﻳﺍﺭ ﻪﮐ «ﺩﺎـﺑﺁ» ﺎﻀﻗ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯼﺭﺍﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ
.ﺖﺳﺍ «ﺩﺎﭘ» ﮥﺸﻳﺭ
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٬ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪّﻴﻨﻴﺴﺣ ِﺭﺎﻨﭼﺮﻴﭘ ِﻝﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﻔﮔ .ﻡﺪﻴﺳﺮﭘ (ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺎﺑ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺎﻳ) ﻥﺍﺩﺭﻭﻍﺎﺑ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻞﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳﯽﺑ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ٬ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻪﮑﻧﺎﻨﭼ .ﺪﻳﺁﯽﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺟ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺪﻳﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺎﻬﭼ
.ﺩﺮﮐﯽﻣ ﻡﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ِﺩﻭﺭﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺯ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺍﺩﺎﺑﺁ ِﺞﻳﻭﺮﺗ ٬ﻪﻳﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺎﺗ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻼﻣ ﯼﺍﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻨﻳﺎﺟ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
(ﻥﻮﮐﺮُﻣ) ﻥﺎـﮐﺭﻮـﻣ ﺵﺍﻪﻳﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﺎﻣﺍ ٬ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺭﻭ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﮥﻫﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ٬ﻥﺎﮐﺭﻮﻣ ِﻩﺩ ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ ﮤﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ٬ﯽﺒﺟﺭ ﯼﺎﻗﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺗﻩﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﺮـُﻟ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺷﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﺪﺠﺴﻣ ﯼﺎﻬﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﻞﻴﻣﺎﻓ ﻝﻭﺍ :ﺪﻧﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﮐﺭﻮﻣ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺏﺮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺲﻤﺷ ﻞﻴﻣﺎﻓ ﻡﻮﺳ ؛ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﮐ ﯼﺎﻬﻓﺮﻁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﺪّﻴﺳ ﻡﻭﺩ ؛ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩﯽﻣ
.ﺪﻧﺍﯽﻣﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ
:ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺁ ﯼﺎﭙﻤَﭼِﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯼﺭﺍﺪﻏﺎﺑ ﻭ ﯼﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﮥﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻝﺎﺤﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺎﻫﺮﺗﺶﻴﭘ .ﻩِﺮَﺘﻴِﺑ ﻥﻮﺠﻨِﻟ ﺎﺠﻧِﺮِﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺯَﺍ ﻥﻮﮐﺮُﻣ ﯽﺠﻧِﺮِﺑ
.ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﯼﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﮤﺩﻭﺍﺮﻣ
ﺎﻳ ﯽﮑﺸﻣ ﯼﺪﻤﻧ ﻩﻼﮐ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺷﻮﭘﯽﻣ ﻖﻟﺎﺧﺭﺁ ﻭ ﺎﺒﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺒﻨﺗ ﯼﺩﺎﺑﺁ ِﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ٬ﻥﺪﺷ ﯼﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ
ﻝﺎﺤﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺩﯽﻣ ﻪﮑﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﯽﮑﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﺒﻨﺗ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻁ ِﺩﺭﺯ
.ﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﺳﺭ
ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺭﻮﺧﯽﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻪّﻠﭼ ﺐﺷ ﺪﻨﺘﻔﮔ .ﻡﺪﻴﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﺸﻣﻮﺳﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﺎﻬﻴﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯼﺭﻮﺳﻪﺒﻨﺷﺭﺎﻬﭼ .ﺪﻧﺩﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓﯽﻣ ﮎﺍﺭﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺪﻫ ﺪﻴﻋ ﺐﺷ ﻭ ﻪﻠﭼ ﺐﺷ ﺎﻫﺩﺰﻣﺎﻧ
ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ٬ﻖﻠﻄﻣﯽﻘﻟﺎﺧﻝﻼﺟﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗﻭﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ٬ﻥﺎﻤﺸﺑﻮﻫﺶﻳﺮﻨﻳﺎﻫﻭﻥﺮﻫﻝﻭﺎﭘﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ٬یسراGGGGGGفقاقتGGGGGGشاساGGGGGGسا .1
ﺭﺎﺑ ﮏﻳ ٬ﻝﺎﺳ ِﺐﺷ ﻪﺒﻨﺷﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﮏﻳ :ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻔﮔﯽﻣ «ﯽﺧﺮُﺳ ﻪﺒﻨﺷﺭﺎﭼ»
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﯽﺸﺗﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻩﺎﻣ ِﯽﺧﺮﺳ ﻪﺒﻨﺷﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﻭﺰﻧ ﻥﺄﺷ .ﺮﻔﺻ ﻩﺎﻣ ﮥﺒﻨﺷﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﺶﺗﺁ ﯼﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺪﻳﺮﭘ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ .ﺪﻨﺘﺧﻭﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺪﻬﺸﻟﺍﺪﻴﺳ ﯽﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻔﻘﺛ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻳ
:ﺪﻧﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧﯽﻣ
ﺎﻴﺑﯼﺯﻭﺭﻩﺮﺑﺖِﻨﺤﻣ ﺎﻴﺑﯼﺩﺎﺷﻩِﺮِﺑﻢﻏ
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ﺕﺎﻐﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ٬ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﮥﺠﻬﻟ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﺤﻣ ﮥﺠﻬﻟ .ﺖﺳ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﮐﺭﻮﻣ ِﻥﺎﺑﺯﻩﺭﻮﺳﻮﺑ ٬(ﻥﺯﺭﺩﺎﻣ ٬ﻭﺮﺴَﺧ =) ﻮﺳﺭﺎﺧ :ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻩﺮﻬﺑﯽﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻆﻔﻠﺗ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ
ﯽﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻈﻔﻠﺗ .ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ i ﺎﻳ ﺪﺘﻓﺍﯽﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﮤﺮﺴﮐ .(ﻪﻟﺎﺧ =) ﻩِﺰﻳﺍﺩ ٬(ﻥﺯﺭﺪﭘ =)
ﻩِﺮَﺘﻴِﺑ ٬ﺯَﺍ ٬ﺮَﺴِﭘ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ .(ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ) ﺰـْﻳﺎﻓ ﺎﻳ ﺰـْﻳﺎﭘ ٬ﻪِﭽِﺑ ٬(ﺮﺘﺧﺩ) ﺭِﺪﺧُﺩ :ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ
ﺍﺩﺍ (ts ﻭ dz) ﯽﻧﺍﺪﻧﺩ ﺍﺭ ﭺ ﻭ ﺝ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻑﻼﺨﺑ .(ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ = ﺱِﺮِﺘﻴِﺑ :ﯽﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ)
ﮥﻐﺒﺻ ﯽﻧﺎﮐﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣ ﻆﻔﻠﺗ kow ﺍﺭ ﻒﻄﻋ ﻑﺮﺣ ﻭ ow ﺍﺭ ﺏﺁ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻤﻧ
٬ﻪﭼﻮﻟﺁ = ﻪﭽـﻴﻟﺁ ٬ﻭﺯﺍﺮﺗ = ﻦـﻳﺯﺍﺮـِﺗ ٬ﺩﻮﺑ = ﺪـﻴﺑ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﭘ ﯼﺎﻬﺗﻮﺼﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣ ﯼﺮﻟ
.ﻦﻴﺴﺣ = Hösöyn ٬ﺶﻓﺭﺩ = dörösh ٬ﻮﻠﻫ = hüli ٬ﺩﺭﺯ ﮥﺟﻮﺟ = cüri
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ﯼﺎﻴﺑ ﻭﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﮐﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻠﺼﻔﻣ ﮥﻳﺰﻌﺗ .ﻢﻳﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺭﻭ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﻮﺷﺎﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻋﻮﺳﺎﺗ ﯼﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ
ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻳﻮﺧ ﯼﺭﺬﻧ ﻢﻫ ﺎﻣ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﮕﻳﺩ ﺲﮐ ﺮﻫ .ﺩﺮﮐﯽﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻴﺑ ﮏﻴﻓﺍﺮﺗ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺒﻳﺮﻏ
.ﻢﻳﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﭙﺴﻫﺭ ﺭﺍﻭﺍﺰﺳ ﺵﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺯ
