i MOTIFS OF WOMAN EMANCIPATION IN ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY’S NOVEL PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN AND HENDRIK IBSEN’S PLAY A DOLL’S HOUSE: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE STUDY
A THESIS
BY
TANTRI WERI SINAGA
REG.NO. 110705032
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
i AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, TANTRI WERI SINAGA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
ii COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : TANTRI WERI SINAGA
TITTLE OF THESIS : MOTIFS OF WOMAN EMANCIPATION IN ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY’S NOVEL
PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN AND HENDRIK IBSEN’S PLAY A DOLL’S HOUSE: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE STUDY
QUALIFICATION : S-1 / SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty God in the name of Jesus Christ the greater honor who gives me blessing, love and strength from I begin my study in English literature University of North Sumatera until finish this thesis. I can finish my study, it is not because my strength but only because His Grace.
I would like to say thank to lecturers who helped and guided me to write this thesis, they are: Mr. H. Syahron Lubis,M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Letters in University of North Sumatera, Mr. Dr. Muhizar Muchtar,M.S as the Head of English Literature Department of University of North Sumatera, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A,P.hd as the Secretary of English Literature Department in University of North Sumatera. Drs, Parlindungan Purba. M.Hum,as my Supervisor and Drs. Mahmud A.Albar,M.Hum as my Co-Supervisor for the precious advices, supporting assistance and understanding that motivated me to finish this thesis. And thanks to all lecturers who have given me advice during the academic years.
My special gratitude to my beloved parents Jeweslin Sinaga,Spd and Riama Sihombing who patiently given their moral value, affection, financial support, advices, love and prayers to me I dedicated this thesis for them. I say thank for my sweetest sister Welen Sinaga and my Brothers Bokee Sinaga and Martin Sinaga, who always remind me to doing my thesis.
iv and supporting to me in my daily activity and especially when doing this thesis. Thank for my friends in Persekutuan Pemuda Pemudi Kristen Solagratia P3KS, the place I can growth in God, thanks for my partners William Silalahi, Norlin Lingga, Murydrischy Simanjuntak, Novita Sibarani,and Della Simanjuntak, thanks for your supporting and prayer service guys.
I don’t forget to say thank for my friends from we are Senior high School and we still keep our friendship and we still can communicate until now, Togi, Junita, Donna, Gressy and Sri Gustina. And the last but not the least, they are my special friends namely “Pet’s Fam” from I study at University of North Sumatera they are always beside me strive together in this English Department and do whatever we love no matter what other says about us, namely: Darathia Brahmana, Sulastri Situmorang, Ernawati Damanik, Yupi Hanna Satrini, Elsa Gloria, Debora Ginting and the last my mom Sonya Priscilia Tarigan, I love you guys.
And I say thank for my friends who can not I say in this thesis one by one, hopefully we can support each other in the other occasion. Hopefully this thesis also can be useful and be beneficial for the reader.
Medan, Juni 2015
Tantri Weri Sinaga
v ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul, “ Motifs of Woman Emancipation in Abidah El Khalieqy’s Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Hendrik Ibsen’s Play A doll’s House: A
Comparative Study” yang merupakan suatu analisis mengenai perbandingan
Emansipasi wanita yang terdapat dalam dua Karya Sastra yaitu, Perempan Berkalung
Sorban dan A doll’s House, melalui motifs yang terkandung dalam kedua karya
sastra tersebut. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan yang terdapat dalam kedua sastra tersebut mengenai emansipasi wanita.Skripsi ini di tulis dengan menggunakan analisis buku-buku maka didapat bahwa yang paling menonjol dalam karya satra ini membahas secara frontal tentang emansipasi wanita adalah Perempuan Berkalung Sorban.Dan persaman kedua karya sastra ini adalah sama-sama dipengarushi oleh budaya sedangkan perbedaannya dipengaruhi oleh karakter tokoh dalam kedua karya sastra tersebut.
vi ABSTRACT
The title of this thesis is “ Motifs of Woman Emancipation in Abidah El Khalieqy’s Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Hendrik Ibsen’s Play A doll’s House: A Comparative Study”is aboutcompare woman emancipation in the two literary works namely, Perempan Berkalung Sorban and A doll’s House, through analyze the motifs in the both literary works. The purpose of this thesis is to know the similarities and differences of woman emancipation in the both of literary works. This thesis was written by analyze some books so the writer find Perempuan Berkalung Sorban show off about woman emancipation extremely than A doll’s House. And the similarities of the both literary works is influenced by culture and the differences of the both literary works is influenced by character in the both literary works.
vii TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION……….…..i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION………..ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………...iii
ABSTRAK………..v
ABSTRACK………..vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS………vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………..………...1
1.1.Background of Research………....1
1.2.Problems of Analysis……….…...4
1.3.Objectives of Analysis………..…4
1.4.Significance of Analysis………...4
1.5.Scope of Analysis………...5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW….………..6
2.1.Novel ………..….6
2.2.Drama ……….……….…6
2.3.Comparative Literature……….…...7
2.4.Motifs ……….…...10
2.5.Theory of emancipation………...12
viii
3.1.Collecting Data……….………16
3.2.Selecting Data………..16
3.3.Analyzing Data……….….17
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING………....………...……18
4.1. Analysis Perempuan Berkalung Sorban……...18
4.2.Analysis of A Doll’s House……….36
4.3.Finding similarities and differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works………...……….…....44
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……….….46
5.1.Conclusion………...46
5.2.Suggestion……….…..47
BIBLIOGRAPHY………49
APPENDICES
Summary of the both Literary Works
v ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul, “ Motifs of Woman Emancipation in Abidah El Khalieqy’s Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Hendrik Ibsen’s Play A doll’s House: A
Comparative Study” yang merupakan suatu analisis mengenai perbandingan
Emansipasi wanita yang terdapat dalam dua Karya Sastra yaitu, Perempan Berkalung
Sorban dan A doll’s House, melalui motifs yang terkandung dalam kedua karya
sastra tersebut. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan yang terdapat dalam kedua sastra tersebut mengenai emansipasi wanita.Skripsi ini di tulis dengan menggunakan analisis buku-buku maka didapat bahwa yang paling menonjol dalam karya satra ini membahas secara frontal tentang emansipasi wanita adalah Perempuan Berkalung Sorban.Dan persaman kedua karya sastra ini adalah sama-sama dipengarushi oleh budaya sedangkan perbedaannya dipengaruhi oleh karakter tokoh dalam kedua karya sastra tersebut.
vi ABSTRACT
The title of this thesis is “ Motifs of Woman Emancipation in Abidah El Khalieqy’s Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Hendrik Ibsen’s Play A doll’s House: A Comparative Study”is aboutcompare woman emancipation in the two literary works namely, Perempan Berkalung Sorban and A doll’s House, through analyze the motifs in the both literary works. The purpose of this thesis is to know the similarities and differences of woman emancipation in the both of literary works. This thesis was written by analyze some books so the writer find Perempuan Berkalung Sorban show off about woman emancipation extremely than A doll’s House. And the similarities of the both literary works is influenced by culture and the differences of the both literary works is influenced by character in the both literary works.
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of Analysis
Theory of Literature describes various aspects of a Wellek and Warren (1964: 94) states “literature is said to be creative, an art”. So it is clear that literature is a creation of an author made into the beauty of art writing. Wellek and Warren divide analysis of literature based on two approaches: extrinsic, relating to factors outside a work such as the author and society, and intrinsic, relating to factors within such as the intrinsic elements of a work as the best way to truly understand it.
Literature has three genres, namely prose, poetry and drama. Prose is a fictitious narrative kind of writing. In general, this is called novel. Poetry is meaningful arrangement of words. Drama is fictitious represented in performance. They have much in common but different in expressing idea, style and others. Novel as a literary work provides the readers reflection reality of human life through beauty of art writing. As Taylor (1981:46) state, “a novel is a normally a quite length of complexity which attempt to reflect and express something of the quality of value of human experience”, it means that a novel is made by the author to express their idea about something based on their experience or people’s experience around them.
2 noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of events and the very fabric of the literary piece, (http://literary-devices.com/content/motif accessed on February 02, 2015).
Through motifs will be found the theme of the story, because motifs are smallest element of the story and this is repeated in the story. Through its repetition, a motif can help produce other literary aspects such as theme or mood.
In the literary works, many of motifs that can be described, for example love, education, social class, emancipation etc,but this thesis be focus to emancipation of woman. Many of literary works has theme about woman emancipation. In our environment, has been found many culture made a different of woman and man. When woman get the education, job and make decision is always number two. Many of problem that was gotten by woman because of the culture which make them number two.
Emancipation of woman often is said by feminist, it generally self-defines as advocating for or supporting the rights and equality of women. It is natural that every human want to get their right so many of group or organization want to support the emancipation of woman, but not only that,many of the authors also make a literary work to support emancipation of woman. For example Perempuan berkalung Sorban
and A doll’s House.That is why the writer wants compare about the two literary
works.
3 artistic strategies, social and religious movements and trends into consideration. Comparative study has been based on literary movements, periods and lines of influence, as well as on genres, themes, myths, and legends. In recent years comparative literature has come to include the comparison of literature with other areas of human experience.
The definition of comparative literature given by Bijay Kumar Dass is very as follows:
The simple way to define comparative literature is to say that it is a comparison between the two literatures.
Comparative literature analyses the similarities anddissimilarities and parallels between two literatures. It further studies themes, motifs, modes, conventions and use of folk tales, myths in two different literatures or even more.
When studying about comparative literature, having get how to analyze the literary works. To compare the literary works must beknow the culture, history and intrinsic element of literature works so that the both novels can be compared. But in this thesis the writer want to analysis about intrinsic element of the novels. The novels were chosenbecause there are same themes of both of the literary work namely “Woman Emancipation”
Furthermore, this thesis is focused on term of social stratification reflected in Perempuan berkalung Sorban and A Doll’s House. The both of literary works are
4 1.2 Problems of Analysis
During the process of analysis, it is important to make the specification of problems that are going to be analyzed in order to avoid the ambiguity of the analysis and to support the writer to get clear description about the object of analysis itself.
So in this analysis, writer finds and decides some problems that needed to answer further. They are:
1. What are the differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
2. What are the similarities of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
1.3 Objectives of Analysis
Objectives of analysis are the statements about activities and objects that are going to be analyzed based on the problem of analysis. The writer holds on these objectives in doing the analysis. There are two objectives found in this analysis, they are:
1. To find differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works
2. To find the similarities of woman emancipation in the two literary works
1.4 Significance of Analysis
5 writer hopes this analysis would be useful to readers to enlarge their knowledge especially for literature student who have interest in this analysis namely about woman stratification and know how the differences of the both literary works, the writer also hope from this analysis the reader especially a woman can learn about the weakness and the strength of the woman in that novels so that can face the environment which still has a strong culture about the position of woman.
1.5 Scope of Analysis
6 CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
2.1. Novel
A novel is a piece of prose fiction of a reasonable length. Even a definition as toothless as this, however, is still too restricted. Not all novels are writtten in prose. There are novels in verse, like Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin or Vikram Seth’s The Golden Gate. As for fiction, the distinction between fiction and fact is not always
clear. The novel is a genre which resists exact definition. This in itself is not particularly striking, since many things – ‘game’, for example, or ‘hairy’ – resist exact definition. It is hard to say how ape-like you have to be in order to qualify as hairy. The point about the novel, however, is not just that it eludes definitions, but that it actively undermines them. It is less a genre than an anti-genre. It cannibalizes other literary modes and mixes the bits and pieces promiscuously together. You can find poetry and dramatic dialogue in the novel, along with epic, pastoral, satire, history, elegy, tragedy and any number of other literary modes.
2.2 Drama
7 Depending on whether one reads a play or watches it on stage, one has different kinds of access to dramatic texts. As a reader, one receives first-hand written information (if it is mentioned in the secondary text) on what the characters look like, how they act and react in certain situations, how they speak, what sort of setting forms the background to a scene, etc. However, one also has to make a cognitive effort to imagine all these features and interpret them for oneself. Stage performances, on the other hand, are more or less ready-made instantiations of all these details. In other words: at the theatre one is presented with a version of the play which has already been interpreted by the director, actors, costume designers, make-up artists and all the other members of theatre staff, who bring the play to life. (Basics of English Studies, Version 03/04, Drama)
2.3 Comparative Literature Study
Comparative literature as an intellectual field arose in the nineteenth century, a counterpart of the equally new fields of comparative anatomy, comparative law, and comparative philology. These fields sought to locate what they postulated as the larger whole that united the various differences of specific languages, laws, species, and (national) literatures. Comparative literature presumably acquired its name as such from a series of French anthologies for the teaching of literature; published in 1816, they were entitled Cours de littérature comparée.
8 presumably shared traditions of the past. It is noteworthy that this development was concomitant with the emergence and consolidation of nation states in Europe and their legitimation through cultural claims to national literary and popular traditions. It is as noteworthy that the circulation and institutionalization of the concept of comparative literature was also concomitant with the continuing colonial expansion of European states throughout the globe and with the intra-European contest over who would control which colonies. In 1886, one of the `map-makers' in the burgeoning field of comparative literature, Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett (in his Comparative Literature, published in London by K. Paul - Trench as part of their “International Scientific Series”) defined “the proper order of our studies in comparative literature” as the pursuit “ of causes which can be specified and described.” Those studies were to reveal the socio-cultural development of “man” from clan to city, from city to nation, from both of these to cosmopolitan humanity
Comparative literature is the study of literature from around the world, transcending the restrictions of national and linguistic boundaries. Traditionally, comparative study has been based on literary movements, periods and lines of influence, as well as on genres, themes, myths, and legends. In recent years comparative literature has come to include the comparison of literature with other areas of human experience.
9 Comparative literature is also, like English, an excellent foundation for careers in the professions, especially law.
Comparative literature is the study of inter-relationship between any two or more than two significant literary works or literatures. It is essential that while making comparative study we must take the sources, themes, motif, myths, forms, artistic strategies, social and religious movements and trends into consideration. comparative study has been based on literary movements, periods and lines of influence, as well as on genres, themes, myths, and legends. In recent years comparative literature has come to include the comparison of literature with other areas of human experience.
Comparative literature offers students the opportunity to study a broad range of literary subjects from various cultures throughout the world.
The Comparatist with their critical approach and investigations will find out, the similarities and dissimilarities among various works that he has undertaken for the purpose of comparison and justification lies in the fact that his approach must be unbiased and unprejudiced to reach the ultimate truth.
It is only their earnest and sincere approach which will bring forth the naked truth or natural results and this really is the purpose of comparative study.
10 study. The Romans worked out the tradition of comparing the works of great orators and poets of Greek and Roman and found out many similarities among their studies of literary works.
The comparative study is not different from a critical approach of a particular literature except the fact that here we deal with two or more than two literatures side by side. In this way, the subject matter becomes vaster and perspective wider. Boundaries of comparative literature have to be extended to encompass the entirety of human life and experiences in one's embrace.
2.4 Motifs
11 character archetype, the weather, a color or even a statement. Motifs are used to establish a theme or a certain mood, they have a symbolic meaning.
The literary device ‘motif’ is any element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature. Using a motif refers to the repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work. Motifs are very noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of events and the very fabric of the literary piece.
Through motifs will be found the theme of the story, because motifs is smallest elements of the story and what motifs that is repeated in the story. Through its repetition, a motif can help produce other literary aspects such as theme or mood.
Knowing motifs, it make us easy to find the differences and the similarity of the literature and in this thesis will be compared the both of the literary work based on finding motifs of the both of literary work.
12 2.5 Theory of emancipation
Emancipation is any of various efforts to procuring more generally in discussion of such matters
Emancipation means the freedom of somebody especially from legal, political or social restrictions. The phrase "Emancipation of women" is frequently used to describe a process wherein the powerless can gain a greater share over resources and decision-making. Generally, the emancipation of women is a process through which women in general and poor women in particular tend to gain control over resources and ideologies. The emancipation of women ensures the freedom of self-fulfillment and self-development as well as equal access to domestic and community resources. Without women, the prosperity of a society cannot be gained properly. It is because they are large in number and you cannot expect to go ahead by ignoring them completely. It is impossible that a society will progress keeping a number of noticeable population illiterate and non-workable. If that society progresses 2 steps forward, then it will come back 5 steps. Ultimately the progress will be scattered. So by emancipating the women from all kind of social, mental and physical bondage, you will make the ideal situation for a society to prosper.
13 Theeffort to secureequalrightsforwomenand to removegenderdiscriminationfromlaws,institutions,andbehavioralpatterns.Thewomen' srightsmovementbegan in thenineteenthcenturywiththedemand by somewomenreformersfortheright to vote,known as suffrage,andforthesamelegalrights as men.Thoughthevotewassecuredforwomen by t theU.S.Constitution in 1920,most of thegainswomenhavemade in achievinglegalequalityandendinggenderdiscriminationhavecomesincethe1960s
of thaterawasprimarilyfocused on
ensuringthatAfricanAmericansandotherracialminoritiessecure thelaws.However,theinclusion of sex as a protectedcategoryunderth
Emancipation of woman often is said by feminist, it generally self-defines as advocating for or supporting the rights and equality of women.
Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies that share a common stated aim: to define, establish, and defe social women in education and employment.
14 The literary work that be compared is written at the nineteenth century, so emancipation of woman still strong to be talking when the writer make the both of literary works.
The feminist movement produced both feminist fiction and non-fiction, and created new interest in women's writing. It also prompted a general reevaluation of women's lives and contributions have been underrepresented as areas of scholarly interest. Much of the early period of feminist literary scholarship was given over to the rediscovery and reclamation of texts written by women. Studies like Dale Spender's Mothers of the Novel (1986) and Jane Spencer's The Rise of the Woman Novelist
(1986) were ground-breaking in their insistence that women have always been writing.
The reasons behind the dis-empowerment of women are many. However, we can sort out the major causes into the following three heads.
16 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
In doing this thesis I use the library research by collecting data from some books and some resources that can be related to the subject matter being analyze. Inductive method is used in the analysis of the thesis. It is a scientific procedure to get conclusion from particular thing to general idea. The writer uses novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and A Doll’s House as the main source of data.
There are some steps that the writer uses in doing this analysis namely:
3.1Collecting Data
Firstly, writer read the whole both literary work to get deep understanding about the novel, without worry about the difficult meaning of the both literary work. In this thesis the writer will collect data by finding motifs of woman emancipation in the both literary works from the main characters struggle to get their right as a woman and finding data from several books that related to the topic of this thesis. The books is used to give additional information and statement that can be drawn for this thesis. The relevant important from the books will be marked and underline so that it can support the analysis of this thesis.
3.2Selecting Data
17 analysis. In this step the motifs of the both novel will be found, so that the data that will analyze can be easier to be described.
3.3Analyzing Data
18 CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
In this analysis, writer finds and decides some problems that needed to answer further. They are:
1. What are the differences of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
2. What are the similarities of woman emancipation in the two literary works?
4.1. Analysis of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban
The main discussion of this topic focuses on the motifs of woman emancipation both literary works. From analyzing the novel the writer tries to find Women struggling against patriarchal hegemony. Perempuan Berkalung Sorban, a novel written by AbidahEI Khalieqy. The general aim of the research is to describe how a woman struggles againt patriarchal hegemony in the novel. The result of novel shows that Anisa, struggles to reach patriarchal hegemony in the community of a moslem boarding school (pesantren) that usually places women in inferiority. What the motifs of the main character struggle to reach her right.
Characters can be motifs of woman emancipation, because characters can describe the background why something was happened, to know what the motifs of woman emancipation in this novel it is better the writer describes the characteristics of the main characters.
19 Annisa in this novel has the high ambition and always tries to reach what she wants even her father don’t like with her ambition. Woman is always number two in society, but in this novel characteristic of Anissa try to force constraint of woman right in the culture. “Riding Horse” is unusual for woman because it is identical for man and in the below quotation has been explained Anissa don’t care about her father even she knows that father is someone who was respected in family and lead family in this life but she refuses it and goes on her curiosity. It can be proved by:
“Tetapi keinginan ku untuk belajar naik kuda telah melampaui nada tertinggi dari kemarahan bapak. Keinginan itu terus menggendor pintu yang disekat oleh batasan-batasan di ruangan hatiku” (Page.22)
In the novel the writer uses word, “menggendor pintu”( hammered on the door) which insulated by constraint in her heart. Hammered on the door is something effort to open the door of constraint. Smart woman who has a high ambition usually will be brave to force constraint in her heart and in this novel has been described Annisa is beautiful, kind and smart. She has a good imagination and she fights to do what she wants and she is clever to analyze word well,. This statement she says when she was leaved by Lek Khudori, No one credits her anymore but she is consistent for her ambition. Woman will consistent in their own when there is someone she loves still supports her to make a change in her life. It can be proved by,
20 A teacherthat was called a school teacher is a person who provides differences of woman obligation and man obligation. She shouts her voice to ask her question about it, the situation can be imagined that Anisa excited to asks her teacher because she curious and actually challenges his opinion about the woman and man obligation.
Office is man place and kitchen is woman place when they works everyday, in this novel, the differences of woman and man is very clear namely woman works inside of house but man must works out of house to forage their necessities. In the novel Anissa rejects his opinion about that and want to rebuff about that by asking her teacher it can be proved by:
“Bapak pergi ke kantor! Teriakku lantang kemudian terdiam, apakah ke kantor itu termasuk urusan laki-laki pak Guru” (Page24).
21 “ kadang aku merasa bapak tidak begitu sayang padaku.
Mungkinkah karena aku anak perempuan? Tidak seperti Wildan dan Rizal yang bebas keluyuran dalam kuasanya, main bola, main layang-layang, sementara aku disekap didapur untuk mencuci kotoran bekas makanan mereka,mengiris bawang hingga mataku pedas demi kelezatan dan kenyamanan perut mereka (Khalieqy: 48)”
In the novel word which Khalieqy use to describe differences woman and man has showed asymmetry. The writer directly makes the contrast of the differences woman and man by making the question in that quotation, “Might be it because I am a Girl?”, not only that the Words which was described for woman are “disekap ( shut-in), Kotoran (impurity), bekas (waste) ” but for man are “bebas (freedom)” and “kuasa (power) kenyamanan (comfortable) dan kelezatan (delicacy)
In our environment this situation has usual been found namely woman in the kitchen but man in office, in our environment man always be number one and who be of power in many aspect of our life.
“tangan bapak tidak lebih kuat dari hakku untuk menentukan nasibku, ibu. Aku kini bukan nisa yang dulu lagi. Aku telah menstruasi berkali-kali, sudah dewasa dan… (Page 130)”
22 situations have opened her eyes, she aware that her life must be better and her life can not be arrange by her father anymore, because she feels that she has been adult.
2. Lek kudori
Lek kudori is handsome and has a good characteristic, his nose, eyes, and hair is perfect according to Nisa in this novel, not only that, Nisa also says that Lek Kudori has a good words attention, smooth and affectionate. It can be proved by,
“ku pandangi wajah lek kudori dan ku teliti matanya, hidungnya, rambutnya, dan semuanya begitu sempurna di mataku. Bukan juga kata-katanya yang bagus lek Khudori juga begitu baik, begitu perhatian dan sayang padaku, (Page. 43)”
The quotation above is Anissa words described Lek Khudori, that proved Anisa amazed Lek Khudori and love him.
Lek khudori are not only smooth and handsome but also smart and clever. It can be proved when Nisa say,
“…dalam khayalanku hanyalah wajahnya, kelembutannya, kecerdassannya dan kepandaiannya. Bahkan suara lembutnya selalu mengiang dan menyanyi-nyanyi dalam telinga ku (page 55)”
In this thesis Love also makes she struggles to get her right and it can be the supporting of Nisa to get her right.
Lek Khudori is mercy and are not selfish and his knowledge about holy book is good, it can be proved when Nisa’s mother says like that,
23 Lek Khudori also respectful and can speak by Arabia language.
“ selain ganteng ia juga sopan sekali. Kudengar ia sering bahasa Arab ddengan Mas Saipul, (page. 59)
Lek Khudori is patient to Nisa, he is never angry to Nisa even Nisa is angry with him and talks nonsense to Lek khudori but he is patient, it can be proved when Nisa is angry with him,
“ tega-teganya mas melakukan itu bergaya sopan dan
sok syang, ternyata penipu juga!” kau keliru sayang. Coba dengarkan mas dulu…” persetan! Aku tidak mau dengar omong kosong mu….(page. 213)”
Lek khudori in the novel has democratic dan emancipator character in the novel, because he opens minded and adoration similarity of woman and man. This statement can be proved by,
“laki-laki yang demokratis dan emansipatoris seperti suami mu Nis bisa dibilang langka sekalipun menjadi banyak idaman perempuan (page.158)”
24 The second, the writer see the culture of them in the novel that woman must stay in home and can’t do anything outside of the home, because only man can do everything outside. We can see in this quote,
“Apa ibu belum mengatakan kepada mu kalau naik kuda hanya pantas dipelajari oleh kakakmu Rizal, atau kakakmu Wildan. Kau tau kenapa sebab kau ini anak perempuan Nisa, gak pantas, anak perempuan kok naik kuda, apalagi keluyuran keliling lading sampai ke bumblan (page 21)”
In the quotation the writer make the differences of the woman right in the novel, woman can’t ride horse and play outside the house. That can be the motifs of woman emancipation in the novel because the differences of the right make Nisa in the novel struggle to get her right. There is somerepeating in the novel that says that woman can not ride a horse because that is a man activity. The writer wants to show off the differences of woman and man in the novel.
The character of Nisa in the novel also make her struggle to get her right even her father angry with her but she don’t give up to study ride a horse. According the novel motifs of Nisa struggle to get her right is support from Lek Khudori for her, Lek Khudori tell about Hindun binti Ataba can ride horse in yard fluently and become a leader of battle. And man can not do anything behind of the woman. The novel tells Nisa is influent by the story of Lek Khudori about woman. He describe that woman can do anything that the man do in the story, the woman can be a leader in the story. In the novel make Nisa become very fighting to learn about riding a horse. It will be proved by,
25 Kamaruzzaman dan para lelaki perkasa seperti anak
ayam dibelakang ekor induknya tak sadar aku menggumam. Apapun yang terjadi aku harus bias, aku mesti belajar naik kuda. Aku belajar naik kuda. Naik kuda! (page 22)
From that quotation the novel describe that Nisa has a big intention in the novel there are repetition statement that says the statement is important and has a strong willing from Nisa because she says, “I want to riding a horse” she repeats the statement three times. And the conclusion Nisa has a strong willing learn riding a horse, that can be a motif of Nisa to get her right, she doesn’t want her right different with man, and she want to prove that the woman can be like a man.
What the motifs of woman emancipation in the novel are the culture of the great grandmother that man has different obligation in their culture. The main obligations of man are working to get money for example in the office, field in the sea wherever they can get allowed property. Whereas the main obligations of woman are arrange house well, educating children, cooking, washing, mopping, ironing, wiping, and clearing up house. And bathing a child, giving child a food and giving suck are a woman obligation. The statement will be supported by this quotation,
“Dalam adat istiadat kita dalam budaya nenek moyang kita seorang laki-laki memiliki kewajiban dan seorang perempuan juga memiliki kewajiban . Kewajiban seorang laki-laki adalah bekerja mencari nafkah, baik di kantor di sawah di laut atau dimana saja asal bisa mendatangkan rejeki yang halal. Sedangkan seorang perempuan mereka juga memiliki kewajiban yang terutama adalah mengurus urusan rumah tangga dan mendidik anak. Jadi memasak, mencuci,mengepel, menyetrika, menyapu dan merapikan seluruh rumah adalah kewajiban seorang perempuan, (page 25)”
26 The motifs of the novel is ambition of Nisa to be a leader of battle and then a great man will be bent down behind her, she wants to be like man who go to the office and wear a fragrant shirt didn’t like Lek Sumi who wear a bad cloth everyday in kitchen. The other motifs that make her has a ambition to get her right is supporting of Lek Khudori for her, namely Lek Khudori suggests her to study and looking for knowledge for a lifetime, and Nisa cannot be dependent to Lek Khudori but she must strive to get knowledge from the other. The quotation that support the statement is
‘Kau mesti belajar dan mencari ilmu sampai jasadmu berbaring diantara dua batu nisan, tapi jangan juga tergantung pada saya, kalau bisa belajar dimana saja dan kapan saja, kau mesti sekolah dan sampai sarjana. (page. 35).
27 keep their inner beauty. According this novel female headgear is requisite to prevent act of despising for woman, it will be used for protect woman from disturbance of man.
Ibu pernah mengatakan, perempuan itu bagai godaan. Semacam buah semangka atau buah peer di gurun sahara. Perempuan adalah sarang fitnah, tetapi laki-laki bukan sarang mafia.Jika perempuan keluar rumah tujuh puluh sejat menderab berbaris menyertainya. Tetapi jika ia membungkus seluruh tubuhnya dengan kurungan, mata setan akan kesulitan menebak itu manusia atau guling yang tengah berjalan. Maka selamatlah perempuan itu ketujuan.(page. 49)
From this quotation the writer wants to tell us about the wrong traditions that have spread in Islamic people. But Lek Khudori in the next quotation explains different opinion about that. Lek khudori explains why woman must wear Jilbab. Lek Khudori says that,
“Jilbab adalah persyaratan upaya pencegahan pelecehan bagi perempuan. Jika seorang perempuan di lingkungan asing dan tak ada seorangpun yang mengenalnya sebgai orang baik-baik sebaiknya ia mengenakan jilbab untuk menghindari gangguan. (page. 50)”.
The explains of Lek Khudori makes mindset of Nisa opened about woman, it can be motif of Nisa thinks widely and her desire to make their right same with man stronger that before.
28 explained that man can enter mosque even they often drink coconut palm like wine, tuak etc, people don’t be brave to snap him. No one say that their bodies are worse
than women who have menstruation. In this situation makes Nisa thinks rationally that all of rule that people make is wrong, and this is one of the motifs Nisa to change the culture of them. This is one of motifs why Nisa struggle to open minded of people in the novel.
The statement can be proved by this quotation namely,
“Perempuan yang sedang menstruasi dilarang masuk mesjid.Padahal Wak Tompel yang setiap malam minum tuak dan berjudi di kedai Yuk Sri, tidak dilarang untuk tidur mengglosor di dalam masjid dan tak seorangpun berani mengatakan bahwa itu haram.Demikian Wak Burik blantik sapi yang membuka praktek rentenir itu, sering juga datang dan ngorok dengan mulut berbusa di dalam masjid. Tak satu pun berani mengatakan bahwa tubuh-tubuh mereka jauh lebih kotor dari perempuan yang tengah menstruasi, (page 69)
Not only that the wrong percept of Islamic makes the reader can open their mind by reading the novel because the novel clearly explain how the differences of woman and man in the novel. The novel explain how the position of woman, namely when woman see her husband aren’t syahwat so their eyes will be glued in doomsday. In the novel explain that Allah has created 70.000 angels in the world and banned every woman who sold the property of their husband. And when they do that, they will carry sins like 70.000 sins of thief. In the novel explains that when woman strive against her husband so everything what escape of sun will be mocked her. And if noses of her husband full of blood or suppuration, their wife must lick their nose by her tongue. All the explanation will be proved by all the quotations in (page. 71)
29 dipaku pada hari kiamat. Allah telah menciptakan
70.000 malaikat dilangit dunia dan mereka akan mengutuk setiap perempuan yang menghianati harta suami nya. Dan dihari kiamat nanti ia akn dikumpulkan dengan tukang-tukangsihir dan dukun peramal sekalipun ia menghabiskan umurnya untuk mnagbdi pada suaminya. Perempuan yang menhambil harta suaminya tanpa seizinnya ia akan memikul dosa seperti dosa tujuh puluh ribu pencuri. Perempuan yang mengeraskan suara terhadap suaminya maka segala sesuatu yang terkena sinar matahari akan melaknatinya. Andaikata kedua hidung suaminya mengalir darah atau nanah, lalu sang istri menjilati dengan lidahny ia belum memnuhi hak suaminya.”
In the next statement of novel has explained about how nisa think about this situation, namely anything that she doesn’t agree with all of that, in the next paragraph will be explained that Nisa didn’t want do anything that she has learned because she thinks that woman is foolish. Until she says if all of the percept is true, she will not learn about the holy book anymore. In this quotation explain how Nisa don’t agree with the percept.
“Sampai kapanpun aku tidak mau menjilati nanah laki-laki.Pernyataan itu ku anggap sebih bidah dari sekedar bidah hasanah. Pastilah kitab ini akan menghadirkan laki-laki yang jauh melebihi Yang Maha Perkasa sendiri. Jika itu semua kalimat itu benar dan tidak bertentangan dengan al-Qur’an maka aku harus berpikir-pikir lagi haruskah aku menjadi muslimah?...(page. 72)”
30 Ustadz Ali and she asks how if husband will be tow to sex until his wife sleep? Will be he curse by Allah? But the answer of Ustadz says that there is no Hadis says like that because woman is impossible like that because woman always be shy to do that. And how if there is a woman like that want it first than her husband, but he says that man didn’t like woman like that because she is too aggressive.
The statement will be proved by, “Perempuan mana saja yang diajak suaminya untuk berjimak lalu ia menunda-nunda hingga suaminya tertidur, maka ia akan dilaknat Allah dan kemuadian perempuan yang cemberut dihadapan suaminya maka ia dimurkai Allah sampai dapat menimbulkan senyuman suaminya dan meminta keridhaan suaminya (page. 73)”
“Bagaimana jika isrinya yang mengajak ketempat tidur dan suami menunda-nunda hingga istrinya tertidur, apa suami juga akan dilaknat oleh Allah kiayi?”
“tidak sebab tidak ada hadis yang menyatakan seperti itu. Lagipula mana ada seorang istri mengajak lebih dulu ke tempat tidur. Seorang istri biasanya pemalu dan menunggu” bagaimana jika kenyataannya ada perempuan yang bersikap terbuka dan mengajak lebih dulu dan tidak sika menunggu”
“ perempuan seperti itu biasanya tidak disukai laki-laki karena terlalu agresif”
From the novel will be explain how Nisa always asking question about differences of woman and man, in this situation will be explained that Nisa wants to know about the position of woman in society, and in the novel has explained Nisa don’t agree and don’t satisfied with the answered of Kiayi in the novel.
31 This is one of quotations that describe how Nisa refuses what Kiayi says about the right of woman and man. She doesn’t want to be slave. But she doesn’t know how the way to change the situation and doesn’t know for whom she must complain about that.
In this novel woman can’t school as high as man, in their culture woman has enough when they know read holly bible well that is enough for woman, and in the novel the writer write that her father has planned about his daughter’s future, that makes Nisa was afraid for all has her parents to her and that makes Nisa feels disappointed and back to feels her ambition in the future has broken because of her parents. To prove the statement look at to this quotation says,
“ tetapi seorang anak perempuan kan tidak perlu sekolah tinggi-tinggi. Sudah cukup dengan mengaji dan khatam… mendengar kata-kata itu darah ku terasa beku.Aku tertahan dan diam seperti patung. Rupanya mereka sudah merundingkan masa depan ku. Alangkah jauh nya mereka melewati nasibku.alangkah bodohnya dan naïf nya aku sehingga tidak melibatkanku dalam menentukan nasib ku..(page 81)”
From the quotation has explained that her parents take her right to make decision of her life. Her parents feel that she doesn’t need to be mixed up with her future because her parent thinks that she is too fools and doesn’t know to make decision for her future. And in the novel Nisa feels disappointed to her parents and feels so sad in her room to think what would she do in the future?. Why must her father forceful her to do what they want?
32 character make her don’t know what that has happened for her. She follows what her parents say about her future and at last she gets suffer.
Kau menyakitiku samsudin! Kau hanya tau cara menyakiti seseorang..lalu ia mndesak dan terus mendesak sampai farju ku terasa sakit hingga nyeri dan perihnya menjalar keseluruh tubuh ku. dalam keadaan seperti itu kelelakian samsudin semakin menjadi lalu menggigit bahu dan leher ku seperti layaknya drakula. Bahkan ia juga memilih sesukanya bagian mana yang ingin dicengkram nya, di cakar-cakarnya semaunya seakan aku kambing kurban ditnagan penjagal.. (page. 90)
From the quotation has been explained how Nisa was mistreatment by Samsudin. Samsudin just makes Nisa become his wife only to satisfiable his desire. Samsudin upstaging Nisa like animal, she can’t fight back all samsudin do for her because she is weak at the time and her position as woman and wife must serve husband.
In the other side her mother was proud of her husband and tells something good about samsudin, because she doesn’t know what Nisa feel in Nisa family. Her mother says that, Samsudin is graduated from master of Law and son of famous Kiayi. Her mother thinks that samsudin has everything.
“Bukan kah ia laki-laki yang gagah, Nisa?Cobalah mulai mengaguminya dan jangan cemberut terus seperti orang sakit gigi begitu. Ia sarjana hokum dan putra seorang kiayi ternama (page. 92)”
33 The most of motifs that the writer wrote in the novel is wrong percept of Islamic about position of woman in the novel, because in the novel woman must patient to her husband and must keep smile below of husband directory, even the man is too greedy. And man will be said as a great man when the man finished off the right of their wife. Because of that Nisa is difficult to say what she feels to her family because she thinks that it is useless to say that to her family. In this novel has been described that Nisa is suffer when they do sex and she always crying everyday. Anissa imagine kiayi Ali in the past time tells about woman and man,
“ Terpujilah para suami yang gagah perkasa dan berhasil menghabisi kemerdekaan istrinya pada malam pertama pernikahan mereka” sementara untuk para istri,“ terpujilah para istri yang sabar dan tetap tersenyum dibwah kekuasaan para suami serakus apapun kekuasaan itu (page 95)”
Love is the best motifs of Nisa to reach her ambition, because of supporting of Lek Khudori, a man whom she likes. Lek Khudori one of the way to her can reach her ambition is study hard until get title Master. And the suggestion which makes her struggle to get her ambition namely study as high as she can, without thinking about culture that say woman can be school as high as man. It can be proved by,
menurut Lek Khudori satu-satunya cara agar aku tetap bangkit adalah terus belajar dan belajar. Melanjutkan sekolah sampai sarjana. Dan nasihat itulah yang sampai saat ini aku perjuangkan… atas nama kecintaan ku pada Lek Khudori, atas nama ilmu dan atas nama perubahan aku bergegas masuk kedalam kelas (page 97.98)”
34 samsudin subjected her, samsudin is lazy, seldom take a bath, never prayed and when they do sex, he wants they do sex like animal and flatter the right of woman.
And at last she makes decision namely she tells to her parents what she has been around when she is samsudin wife, and her mother can’t imagine that her daughter as long as married with samsudin is suffer and unhappy. And at last she is separate with samsudin and it makes her near back with Khudori. And she makes decision that she will go with Lek Khudori wherever he is gone. That’s proved by,
“Kukatakan pada Lek Khudori kemana pun ia pergi aku akan ikut bersamanya. Jikapun bapak mengancam ku untuk memilih aku kan tetap pergi bersamanya (page 1
58)”
Even Nisa has married with Lek Khudori, Consequence of all about her marriage with samsudin makes her trauma and afraid until she is difficult consort with man. And it makes her hates man and bites head off man. It can be proved by,
“ Trauma samsudin begitu parah mengendap dalam kesadaran ku, hingga beberapa teman ku mengira aku alergi terhadap laki-laki,,, terlebih saat aku berbicara di forum tentang laki-laki lidah ku menjadi pedas dan kata-kata yang keluar dari mulut ku akan semakin pedas lagi dari yang dapat dikira (page. 162)”
35 “Terangkatlah seluruh beban yang berton-ton beratnya
dari punggung kehidupan ku.dengan pernikahan ku yang kedua kali ini, saat usiaku sedang menginjak lebih dewasa, ku hirup kembali kemerdekaan yang ketiga dalam kehidupan ku. yang pertama adalah kemerdekaan saat aku masih kanak-kanak, kemudian yang kedua saat aku terbebas dari kerangkang besi penjara samsudin, dan yang ketiga saat aku menikah dengan Lek Khudori. (page 169)”
In the novel the writer describe that many of woman critics about woman emancipation for example Maryam, according to her when a woman hurts her wife, it’s mean that he hurts himself because they should have been one, because they have one soul but two bodies. And husband that hurts his wife has disease masokis, and need medicinal treatment. In the other one many of fathers didn’t want daughter. And if actually a girl that was born, so father’s attitude to his daughter shows bad for all their behavior. For example don’t want to wash them, and don’t buy good clothes, and father will be bother by their crying and they regret for woman present in their life,
“ banyak sekali para bapak yang notabena laki-laki tidak menginginkan anak perempuan. Maka jika ternyata anak perempuan yang lahir sikap sang bapak akan menunujukkan ketidaksukaannya, dan ini mengemuka dengan semua perilakunya. Misalnya tidak pernah mau memandikan tidak mau membelikan pakaian yang layak, selalu merasa terganggu dengan tangisnya, acuh tak acuh terhadap seluruh yang menimpa putrinya dan banyak sikap yang menunjukkan betaoa ia menyesal dan tak suka atas kehadiran putrinya” (page. 158).
36 example when they want to married they can’t make decision except if they are widow.
4.2. Analysis of A Doll’s House
The play is written in the eighteenth- nineteenth century, it was written in the note of the novel, Henrik Ibsen write in 1879 and it can be popular in 19th century.
In the note Henrik write it because of the delusions of romantic idealism and denounced as a degenerate attack upon traditional family values. How the family values that he wants to say, namely the wife must obey for all the rule of their husband.
The setting place of the story is in Helmer’s house. In the beginning of the play the situation of Hermer house has been explained and Nora and Helmer talk and talk in their house, about of money in this quotation
Helmer. Don’t disturb me. (A little later, he opens the door and looks into the room, pen in hand.) Bought, did you say? All these things? Has my little spendthrift been wasting money again?
Nora. Yes, but, Torvald, this year we really can let ourselves go a little. This is the first Christmas that we have not needed to economize.
Helmer. Still, you know, we can’t spend money recklessly.
Nora. Yes, Torvald, we may be a wee bit more reckless now, mayn’t we? Just a tiny wee bit! You are going to have a big salary and earn lots and lots of money. (Page 2)
37 that she is wasting money again. In the conversation above between Helmer and Nora, has been explained that husband organize circulation of money. Actually circulating of money was decidable by the both of husband and wife. But in this conversation was shown that husband boss of all situation in their family included circulate of money.
The story happened is in Christmas day, in the beginning of the story how Nora wants to buy something for Christmas day, it can be proved by:
Nora. Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the children do not see it till this evening, when it is dressed. (To the PORTER, taking out her purse.) How much? (Page.1)
The character of Nora is spendthrift and the condition of the simplicity of their house, it can be the exposition and the quotation that support it is, in that quotation when she buys the Christmas gift she spend money easily and don’t take the change.
Nora wants to give Christmas surprise for her children. This is sign that Nora loves her children very much it can be proved by the conversation above, she wants to make something special for her children and from this conversation Nora shows that she want to organize her house also by making surprise for children but in the story it can not be proved because of Helmer bans her to use money. In the story Helmer is true that Nora cannot be wasting money but Nora has a right to make decision for her family.
38 give his wife make the decision, this quote to support my opinion, Helmer say to Nora in quotation below,
Nora. For myself? Oh, I am sure I don’t want anything.
Helmer. Yes, but you must. Tell me something reasonable that you would particularly like to have. Nora. No, I really can’t think of anything — unless, Torvald — page 2
And the opinion of Helmer about the thing which Nora do about money, helmer said “still you know we can’t spend money recklessly” from this quotation, Helmer doesn’t give her power to make decision for their problem as especially about money. In the conversation above actually Nora was wasting money not for her self but to organize her family as a wife but the answer of Helmer at the conversation is “tell me something reasonable that you would particularly like to have” this words as if Nora must be obey for the regulation of Helmer.
The conflict is bigger because of Nora lies to her husband about the money that she borrows from Bank.
Helmer, “You are an odd little soul. Very like your father. You always find some new way of wheedling money out of me, and as soon as you have got it, it seems to melt in your hands. You never know where it has gone. Still one must take you as you are. It is in the blood; for indeed it is true that you can inherit these things Nora.” (Page 4)
39 organize the circulate of money, in this conversation Helmer compare Nora with her father, it is means that Helmer didn’t respect for her father.
In this quotation her husband explained the character. And the character of Nora is liar, it is proved when she borrows money, she said that the money is from her father, and her husband doesn’t know it, it can be proved by,
“Mrs. L said “and did your husband never get to know from your father that the money had not come from him?” (page 12)
Nora doesn’t love her husband fully, because in the dramas Nora says, “Then I used to sit here and imagine that a rich old gentleman had fallen in love with me”. From this quotation the character of Nora who is more love money than her husband. And then the character of Nora namely is not dare for her husband, it can be proved by
” it’s something I should dearly love to say if Torvald could hear me, I daren’t it’s so shocking” page 12
From this quote has been explained how the character of Nora namely didn’t have a freedom in her house and afraid to tell something wrong for her husband. She is not open for her husband because she afraid of him, Torvald could not hear of her and that is why she can’t say anything about her and about decision that she has made alone.
40 In the drama has explained that Nora is like a child or childish. Mrs. L, Her friend says that she is child and can not make decision for her family. Actually in conversation her friend didn’t know the situation how Nora is a doll’s house of Torvald. And she needs a friend namely Dr.Rank to tells everything that she has done in their house. Not only that Helmer says like that, because He can’t understand to his wife, about the feeling of his wife, he doesn’t recognize his wife, that is why Torvald says his wife is like a child in conversation below,
“You talk like a child. You don’t understand about the condition of the world in which you live” page 69,
Actually as a good husband he must listens his wife before he judge Nora, because everybody has reason why she makes a decision. Torval as if make his wife didn’t understand about this world.
And Nora said that she is patient it can be proved by, when she is become Helmer wife, she feel not freedom but in the eight years she can be patient to be her husband doll it can be proved by,
“I have waited so patiently for eight years for goodness knows, I knew very well that wonderful things don’t happen every day” page 69
The character of Nora is easy to be influenced, it can be proved when her father says anything about her family with Helmer, she directly take the decision to leave him and her children, it can be proved by,
41 The character of Helmer in this play, Helmer believes that the culture of their values family that wife must obey the rule of husband, so Helmer wants to protect her wife and guide her for everything, it makes his wife become like a doll, and it can be proved when Helmer guide the money and what she want to do. Nora describe Helmer character namely in quotation below,
Nora said for Mrs. L; “Good heavens, no! how could you think so? A man who has such strong opinions about these things. And besides how painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his mainly independence to know that he owed me anything! It would be upset our mutual relations altogether; our beautiful happy home would no longer be what it is now.” Page 12
From this quote was known that hold with his opinion, and Helmer loves his wife very much, it could be proved when Nora wants to go from their home, he always holds her and want her to stay in home with his children, he become not have power when Nora wants to get out from their home.
This character can be a motif of woman emancipation in the drama because the motif of the story is the character of Helmer who don’t want to give the decision to his wife because of the character of Nora is spendthrift it can be proved by,
“Don’t disturb me [a little later he opens the door and looks into the room, pen in hand] bought, did you say? All this things? Has my little spendthrift been wasting money again?” page 2
42 explained that woman has no right to spare her old dying father or save her husband’s life. Woman can not arrange her family life because the position of woman in the house is number two. The drama explains that world make woman is number two, because they weak and can not think like man thinking.
In the novel also has explained that Nora can not wear good things and bought something that she want because Helmer did not give her money and right to make decision for her life. She bought the simplest and cheapest things but it is often very hard on Nora because she thinks that it is delightful to be really well dressed
Nora. Of course. Beside I was the one responsible for it. Whenever Torvald has given me money for new dresses and such things I have never spent more than half of ot; I have always bought the simplest and cheapest things. Thank heaven any clothes look well on me, and so Torvald has never noticed it. But it was often very hard on me, Christine- because it is delightful to be really well dressed, isn’t it? (page. 13)
She wants to do and want to buy must be agreed by her husband. In the quotation below,
“Good heavens, no! how could you think so? A man who has such strong opinions about these things. (page 12)
43 The theme of the story is about feminist because in the last she can take decision for her life, namely leave her husband and she doesn’t want be dominated by her husband, it can be proved by quotation below she said,
” I have waited so patiently for eight years for goodness knows, I knew very well that wonderful things don’t happen every day. Then this is horrible misfortune came upon me, and then I felt quite certain that the wonderful thing was going to happened at last…” page 68
And then she makes the decision to leave her husband and her children it can be proved by quotation below,
“Now it’s all over. I have put the keys here. The maids know all about everything in the house-better then I do. Tomorrow after I have left her, Christine will come here and pack up my own things that I brought with me from home. I will have them sent after me.” (page 71)
44 4.3 Finding Similarities and the Differences of Woman Emancipation in The Two Literary works:
No.
Elements
The Similarities of Woman Emancipation The Differences of Woman Emancipation Perempuan
Berkalung Sorban
A dolls House
Perempuan Berkalung Sorban
A dolls House
1. Motifs 1. The culture of the
great grandmother that man has different obligation in their culture For example, Woman works inside of house but man must works out of house to forage their necessities
2. Culture of Islamic perception. In the novel Islamic perception make woman must always stay at home and can’t
1. Culture and the rule of the habitation in America, namely woman must live in house and must obey for all their husband wants.
1. Feminism and Emancipation, because in the story has explained that Nisa struggle to get woman right by her experience she tells to her friend in campus, it can make a change for woman thinking about their right and their
perception especially in Islamic perception. It can be said
feminism because she leaves her husband samsudin and marry with Lek Khudory.
1. Feminism, because in the story has explained that Nora make decision about her life, with leave her
husband and her children.
45 reach their
ambition high as man. Simply to say, woman refers to domestic matters.
2. The construction of the character in perempuan berkalung Sorban is opened as Verbal. Anisa in the novel construct by asking the teacher about the obligation of woman and man
and leaves her family.
2. Characters 1.Nisa in this Novel has a
big ambition for her future and she is full of spirit in this novel. The character of Lek Khudori in this novel support her ambition and respect for woman right and smart
1.The character of Nora is
spendthrift, liar, love money than her husband and doesn’t brave tell something to her husband.
46 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the analysis this thesis from the previous chapter, the writer would like to make the following conclusion in order to help students of English Literature in understanding the novel entitled Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El Khalieqy and the playA Doll’s House by Hendrik Ibsen.From the both of literary
works have been explained the differences and the similarities of woman emancipation in the novels.
1. The Similarities
From the both of Literary works has gotten the similarities of In
Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and A Dolls House, namely “Culture”. In
Perempuan Berkalung Sorban culture of Islamic Percept influence woman
emancipation in the novel, it can be explained clearly in the novel, and then
in A Doll’s Houseculture and the rule of the habitation influence woman
emancipation, namely, woman must live in house and must obey for all their husband wants. Motifs of woman emancipation in the both of literary works are the culture of the great grandmother that man has different obligation in their culture.
2. The differences
From the both of literary works has gotten the differences of In
Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and A Dolls House, namely “Character”. In
47 ambition for her future and she is full of spirit in this novel. But in A Doll’s House Nora is spendthrift, liar, love money than her husband and doesn’t
brave tell something to her husband. The differences of the both literary works are the theme of the both of literary works, in Perempuan berkalung Sorban is feminist and emancipation, Emancipation because in the story has
explained that Nisa struggle to get woman right by her experience she tell for her friend in campuss, it can make a change for woman thinking about their right and their percept especially in Islamic perception.
It can be said feminist because she leave her husband samsudin and marry with Lek Khudory.they can make decision in their life.
But in A Dolls House Nora the theme of the story is Feminist, because in the story has explained that Nora make decision about her life, with leave her husband and her children.
The other difference of woman emancipation in the two literary works is the construction of character in the literary works. In Perempuan Berkalung Sorban the character construct her right by “Action” but in A Doll
House the character construct ger right as “Verbal”.
Perempuan Berkalung Sorban is written more than one about motifs of
woman emancipation but in A Doll’s House is fewer opened about woman emancipation.
5.2. Suggestion
49 BILBIOGRAPHY
Calhoun, Craig. 2002. Dictionary of Social Sciences. London: Oxford University Press.
Damono, SapardiDjoko. 1979. SosiologiSastraSebuahPengantarRingkas. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaandan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Ibsen. Hendrik.1879. A Doll’s House.New York: Dover Publication,Inc. Khalieqy. Abidah.2001.Perempuan Berkalung Sorban.Yogyakarta:Araska Kasim, Razali.2005. Introduction to Literature. Medan: USU Press.
Persell, clorne hedger. 1987. Understanding Society: An introduction to Sociology. New York. Harper and Row Publisher.
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(Basics of English Studies, Version 03/04, Drama) accesed on March 2015 (http://complit.lss.wisc.edu/?q=node/3 accessed on March 02, 2015)
(http://literary-devices.com/content/motif accessed on February 02, 2015). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/emancipation, accessed on January 20, 2015).
50 APPENDICES
Summary of the both Literary Works
Perempuan Berkalung Sorban
Seorang gadis kecil bernama Anisa, hidup di lingkungan pesantren sebagai putri seorang kiyai.Anisa adalah bocah yang lincah dan cerdas, namun posisinya sebagai perempuan menjadikannya tidak bebas berkreasi.Anisa selalu merasa keluarganya dan adat sangat tidak adil.Ia dilarang berkuda, berbicara saat makan, berpendapat, dan bergurau bersama, sementara kedua kakak laki-lakinya diizinkan. Ia juga harus rajin belajar dan bangun pagi, sementara kakaknya boleh bermalas-malasan sesuka hati, semua itu hanya karena ia seorang perempuan. Anisa tidak pernah tinggal diam atas prlakuan itu, ia selalu berontak. Anisa mempunyai seorang saudara sekaligus sebagai satu-satunya sahabat yang selalu memahaminya, Lek Khudori, begitu panggil Anisa.Namun, kedekatan mereka harus terenggang ketika Khudori harus melanjutkan studinya ke Kairo, dan hanya suratlah penyambung bisu hubungan keduanya.
Setelah lulus sekolah dasar, Anisa dipaksa menikah dengan putra seorang kiyai, dialah Syamsudin. Syamsudin selalu melakukan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, selalu membentak, memukul, memaksa, bahkan dalam berhubungan s
