AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN
ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE
SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
WILDANUL ULA FAUZI 201110100311309
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN
ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE
SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
WILDANUL ULA FAUZI 201110100311309
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN
ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE
SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESISThis thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
WILDANUL ULA FAUZI 201110100311309
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
57
This thesis written by Wildanul Ula Fauzi was approved on August 10, 2016.
By:
advisor I,
Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum. Advisor II,
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
on August 10, 2016
Apprved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes.
Motto and dedication Examiners:
1. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd.
2. Riski Lestiono, S.Pd, M.A.
3. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum.
4. Drs. Munash Fauzi, M.M.
Signatures:
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
If you can dream it, you can do it. Always rememder that this whole thing was started with a dream and a mouse
(Walt Disney)
A pessimist sees the difficulty in every oppurtunity, an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty
(Sir Winston Churchill)
First they ignore you, then they laugh at you. Then they fight you.
Then you win
(Mahatma Gandhi)
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to:My beloved father,
My lovely mother,
My all families,
ORIGINALLY DECLARATION
The undersigned:
Name : Wildanul Ula Fauzi
Student ID number : 201110100311309
Program of study : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
I declared that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by my self and
does not incorporate without any acknowledgement any material previously
submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my
knowledge this thesis does not certain any material previously published or
written by another person except where due reference is made in text.
Malang, August 10, 2016
AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN
ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE
SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
ABSTRACT
Speaking is a skill that enables us to produce utterances which involves expressing ideas and opinions. Moreover, speaking is difficult for students to master because there are a lot of components involve. Therefore, to make the teaching and learning speaking more interesting and easy to understand, the lecturer should use methods of teaching effectively. The methods should be suitable with students’ characteristics and conditions.
The purpose of this research was to analyze and describe the phenomenon which happened in speaking class. In this study, the researcher used qualitative research design to describe the phenomenon in speaking class. The researcher used qualitative research design based on the purposes of study that observed phenomenon in speaking class naturally. The data of this research were collected from the class observation. In addition, the data were displayed in the form of narrative.
The result of observation and interview showed that the English lecturer used two teaching methods while teaching speaking, such as: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Total Physical Response (TPR). Those methods were used in order to make the students speak up. However, there were also some problems faced by the lecturer in implementing those methods such as: in CLT, they were (1) Limited Vocabulary, (2) Less Confident, (3) Passive Student, and (4) Incorrect Pronunciation. In TPR, they were (1) Less Motivation, (2) Feeling Confused, and (3) could not controll the class (crowded). Also, the lecturer had some ways to solve those problems, such as: in CLT, the lecturer repeating instruction, asking students to open dictionary, discussing, putting smart student in each group, and taking a note on the wrong pronunciation. While in TPR, they were given motivation, making face to face presentation, repeating instructions, reviewing materials, walking around the class, and kept silent.
Keywords: teaching methods, speaking
Malang, August 10, 2016
Advisor I, The researcher,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, all praise to Allah, the merciful and charitable.
Alhamdulillahi Robbal Alamin this thesis has been completed because of his
guidance, blessing, and affection. As an ordinary people who has weakness and
limitedness, the researcher realizes that the thesis by the title “An Analysis
Teaching Method used by an ESP Lecturer in Teching Speaking in The Second
Semester of Communication Department at University of Muhammadiyah
Malang” cannot be finished without support, guidance, and help from the other
people and another sides. For that, by the honor of this, the researcher wants to
say thank you very much to the honorable:
1. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum and Drs. Munash Fauzi, M.M who
had been very helpful, warmhearted, and patient in giving advises, ideas,
and valuable time during theprocess of this thesis writing.
2. Miss. Ira Ayu Andrilia S.Pd who has given permission in order to have an
observation in her class.
3. Language Center (LC) which has accepted him to do an observation.
4. His beloved parents Dr. H. Rejono, M.Pdi, Hj. Khullatin, S.Pdi and his
daughter Effi Ernawati who always supported him to finish his thesis..
5. His beloved friends Ratih Amalia, Ramada Febrian, Roni Ardiansyah,
Muna Nur, Viva Faronika, Mithalia Dian Rahmasari S.Pd, Didit Eko
Sunarso S.Pd, Jefri Arisandi, and all members of Fall in Love class who
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL... i
APPROVAL FORM ... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1Background of the Study ... ... 1
1.2Problems of the Study ... ... 5
1.3Objectives of the Study ... ... 5
1.4Significance of the Study ... 5
1.5Scope and Limitation ... 6
1.6The Definition of the Key Terms ... 7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 8
2.1Speaking ... 8
2.2Teaching Speaking ... 9
2.3Characteristics of a succesful speaking activity ... 11
2.4Teaching Method ... 12
2.4.3 Gramatical teaching Method ... 15
2.4.4 Audio-Lingual Method ... 17
2.4.5 The Silent Way ... 20
2.4.6 Cummunity Language Learning ... 22
2.4.7 Communicative Language Teaching ... 23
2.4.8 Total Physical Response ... 25
2.5Teaching Strategy ... ... 27
2.6Teaching Technique ... ... 29
2.7English for Specific Purpose Teaching in UMM ... 2.8Teaching English for Communication ... ... CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 21
3.1Research Design ... 21
3.2Research Subject ... 22
3.3Data Collection Tools ... 23
3.3.1 Observation ... 23
3.3.2 Interview... 24
3.4Data Collection Procedures ... 32
3.5Data Analysis Techniques ... 33
CHAPTHER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 27
4.1Research Findings ... 27
4.1.1 The Methods Used by the Lecturer in Teaching Speaking ... 27
4.1.2.1Problems Faced by The Lecturer in Implementing CLT ... 30
4.1.2.2Problems Faced by The Lecturer in Implementing TPR ... 31
4.1.2.3Lecturer’s Way in Solving the Problems in Implementing Methods . 32 4.1.2.4Lecturer’s Way to Solve CLT Problems ... 33
4.1.2.5Teacher’s Way to Solve TPR Problems ... 34
4.2Discussion ... 36
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 42
5.1 Conclusion ... 42
5.2 Suggestions ... 45
5.2.1 For English Teacher ... 46
5.2.2 For the Future Researchers ... 46
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Observation Field Note ... 49
Appendix 2 Observation Field Note ... 50
Appendix 3 Observation Field Note ... 51
Appendix 4 Interview Guide ... 52
Appendix 5 Copy of The Material ... 53
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald, Jacobs Lucy C, Asghar R & Chris S. 2006. Introduction to research in education. Canada: Thomasson wadsworth.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching: Fifth Edition. San Francisco State University.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching: Fourth Edition. San Francisco: Longman.
Harmer, J. 2007. The Practice of English Language Teaching: Fourth Edition, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Jacobsen Eggen, and Kuachak (2005),
Kayi, H. 2006. Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. The Internet TESL Journal, Online, Vol XII, No. 11, November 2006, (http://iteslj.org/Articles/Kayi-Teaching Speaking.html, accessed on December, 17, 2014).
Larseen and freeman. 2000. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Nasrudin,W. 2013. Understanding the Teaching of Listening And Speaking:Understanding Student’s Needs. University of Malang: Malang Press.
Pollard lucy.2008. teaching english.
Richards, Jack C. 2008. Teaching Listening And Speaking From Theory to Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Richards and rogers. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Ur, Penny. 2003. A Course an Language Teaching Practice and Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the researcher discussess some topics related to
background of study, the problem of study, the objectives of study, the
sicnificance of the study, the scope and limitation, and the definition of key terms.
Each section is presented as follows:
1.1Background of the Study
As social people, human need to communicate in order to interact one
another. Therefore, a language is needed so they can do their activities well by
communicating one another. Language is a thing that can not be separated from
human activities since it is a mean of expressing what they want and feel.
According to Wardhaugh (2006:1), a language is what the members of particular
society speak. When two or more people communicate with each other in speech,
it can be called as system of communication. In conclusion, language is very
important for people to get through life, so they can understand people by
communicating one another.
English as an international language has an important role to make
communication easier among people around the world. It is also one of the foreign
languages that is taught in Indonesia starting from junior high school, senior high
school and up to university level. English has four basic skills, they are listening,
reading, writing and speaking. Speaking becomes an important skill to be
mastered because it is one of the skills that can support the other skills. Richards
2
language learners learning a new second foreign language. When lecturers ask
their students about the main reason why the students learning English, the
answer, mostly, is because the students want to be able to speak English. The
speaking skill is the first skill that leaners want to master. It is the main concern of
second or foreign language learners. Therefore, it becomes necessarry beacause
they have to use language to acquire and produce a message to make them
understand each other.
In class, speaking involves interaction between lecturer and students and
between student and student. Therefore, lecturer is demanded to know that
speaking is not only learning about term of knowledge in speaking but also how to
practice it in the real world. Consequently, lecturer is expected to take some
preparation, such planning to set classroom activities, organizing classroom,
assessing the learners ability, and evaluating the teaching learning process.
Therefore, to make teaching speaking interesting more and easy to understand, the
lecturer should use some interesting methods. According to richards (2001:19),”
method is the level at which a theory is put into practice and at which choices are
made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught. And the
order in which the content will be presented.” So, teaching method is an
application of way or strategy used by a lecturer that is put from the theory in the
teaching and learning process to achieve the learning objectives.
In teaching English, there are several kinds of methods that can be used by
the lecture in transfering the knowledge, such as grammar translation method,
audio-lingual method, cooperative learning method, direct method, etc. Those
3
in the various parts of the teaching English. Larsen and freeman (2000) argued
that methods offer the lecturer alternatives to what the currently think and do. It
can guide the lecture how to make her teaching becomes effective because
teaching method is one of the factors that can determine the succes of teaching.
Moreover, it also can make it easy for the lecturer to transfer the information,
select the resources and define the role of the students. Therefore, the use of
appropriate teaching method can be an important aspect for getting better result in
teaching and learning activities.
An effective method that is used by the lecturer may determine the success
of the teaching speaking English itself, including in ESP course. According to
Language Center of University of Muhammadiyah Malang (2010),” ESP program
is an English program which is specialized for each disciplne in all departments
and faculties at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang.” It means, ESP in the
University of Muhammadiyah Malang is a program that is run by Languange
Center which is proposed to fulfill the learners’ needs. ESP is different from the
general English beacause ESP provides the English material based on the learner
specific needs. The program is intended for all students of semester I to II in order
to give them English based on their disciplines.
There have been studies related to method of teaching speaking before.
The first study was conducted by Olivia (2015) about method of teaching
speaking in the first semester of Pshychology Department. She found that the
lecturer applied communicative language teaching as her teaching method. These
methods were applied by the lecturer in order to make students speak actively. In
4
the students were bored, crowded and they did not focus with the learning activity
in the class, they sometimes were not interested in the method, and lecturer could
not controll the students. However, she found some ways to solve those problems
such as creating interesting activities, designing simple activities such as
simulation, motivativating the students, and giving points.
The purpose of ESP course in all of departments in the University of
Muhammadiyah Malang is to help the students to master English Language for
their future. One of the departments in the ESP course is Communication
Department. It becomes interesting because the researcher found that when the
lecturer taught them, the students were very interested in learning English because
the lecturer applied some methods that could make the class became interractive.
This study is urgent because teaching methods is one of successful keys in
teaching because it helps teacher run the teaching and learning process. By having
a good method in teaching, the lecturer can make the teaching and learning
process more interested. This becomes the reason why the researcher is interested
in knowing the kinds of methods in teaching speaking used by the ESP lecturer
for the Communication students. From the background of the study above, the
researcher is interested in choosing teaching method as his research topic since it
is very helpful to maximize the teaching and learning process in the class to make
the students more active and enjoy the class.
1.2The problem of study
Based on background of study above, the resercher formulates the problems to
5
1. What are kinds of teaching methods used by ESP lecturer in teaching
speaking in Department of Communication at University of
Muhammadiyah Malang?
2. What are the problems faced by lecturer in teaching speaking in
Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang
3. How does the lecturer cope with the problems Department of
Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang?
1.3The Objectives of the Study
The researcher tries to investigate the problems dealing with the statement
of problem. It is stated as follows:
1. To know the kinds of teaching methods used by ESP lecturer in teaching
speaking in Department of Communication at University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
2. To identify the problems faced by lecturer in teaching speaking in
Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. To know the ways the lecturer copes with the problems Department of
Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
1.4The Significance of the Study
This study is intended to give scientific information for the readers about
the method of teaching speaking and to give solution in solving the problems arise
while implementing the method. The researcher expects that the results of this
study will give benefit in language teaching especially for speaking lecturers so
6
help English lecturer to Improve or develop skill in teaching speaking and apply
appropriate one.
1.5The Scope and Limitation
The researcher considers making the scope and limitation. The scope of
this study is about teaching method of speaking used by lecturer of ESP, the
problems faced by the lecturer in implementing the method, and the lecturer’s
way in solving the problem arise. The research is limited at ESP lecturer in
teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of
Muhammadiyah Malang. Communication Department is chosen by the researcher
because communication students learn how to communicate with people, learn
how to be a good communicator and they also have to master more than one
languages.
1.6The Definition of the Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms in this study are dfined as follows:
1. Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something,
giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with
knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown,2000:7).
2. Method is an overal plan for orderly presentation of teaching matters
including the technique and media that are used (Richard and Rogers,
2001). In this study, method is a way to deliver the matter or information
to the students for reaching the goal of speaking skill.
3. Speaking is interactive process of constructing meaning that involves
7
form and meaning are dependent on the context in which it occurs,
including the participants themselves, and the purposes for speaking.
ESP (English for Specific Purpose) is a subject which is based on designing
courses to meet learner’s needs (Hutchinson and Waters, 2002). In this research,
ESP is a program at University Of Muhammadiyah Malang and run by Language
Center of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, which is compulsory for every
students. According to Language Center University of Muhammadiyah Malang,
ESP program is intended for all new students of semester 1 and 2 in order to give
