A STUDY ON COLLOQUIAL IN WRITING SMS DONE BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS ON ITS
WORDS FORMATION PROCESSES
THESIS
By:
SISKA PRISTIANA
08360145
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
A STUDY ON COLLOQUIAL IN WRITING SMS DONE BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS ON ITS
WORDS FORMATION PROCESSES
THESIS
By:
SISKA PRISTIANA
08360145
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
A STUDY ON COLLOQUIAL IN WRITING SMS DONE BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS ON ITS
WORDS FORMATION PROCESSES
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
By:
SISKA PRISTIANA
08360145
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
Life is a chance
and
The chance never come twice!!!
so
Always Do the Best.
This thesis is dedicated to:
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahhmanirrahim
Saying
hamdalah
is the best thing to be said and praised to Allah who gave
the writer a chance in finishing this thesis under the title “A Study on Colloquial in
Writing SMS by English Department Students: An Analysis on Its Words Formation
Processes”.
The writer faced many challenges and also some difficulties during the time
doing this thesis. Indeed, the writer would like to say thank you to everyone who
supported and helped her in finishing this thesis. The sincere gratitude is addressed to
Mrs. Fardini Sabilah, M.Pd. and Mrs. Rina Wahyu S, M.Ed. as the advisors who gave
valuable guidances, critics, and suggestions.
Finally, the writer would like to give special gratitude to the writer’s beloved
parents and brother as the greatest motivator and supporter. The last thank will be
said to all of beloved friends.
Hopefully, Allah always bless and mercy those mentioned above to gain
success in near future.
Malang, August 1
st, 2012
The writer,
v
A STUDY ON COLLOQUIAL IN WRITING SMS DONE BY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS ON ITS
WORDS FORMATION PROCESS
ABSTRACT
Sociolinguistic is a branch of Linguistics which investigates the relationship
and the aspects between language and society. Sociolinguistic also studies about
variation of language. One of language variation in Sociolinguistic is colloquial.
Colloquial is ordinary, relaxed, and informal speech which uses contraction,
connecting words and phrases, abbreviated utterance, and using many words and
expressions to avoid in formal context.
The goals of this study were to know the colloquial and to describe the word
formation process used to form the colloquial found in English Department students’
SMS writing. This study used descriptive qualitative research, because the data were
non numerical form and the data were collected in the form of words not in the form
of number.
The object of this study was English Department students’ SMS writing
during the whole month of messaging on April 2012. This study used document
analysis as research instrument.
The result of this study showed that there were 98 colloquials and 8 technical
terms. Those technical terms can be divided into two, the first was technical terms
which belong to the theory of word formation process such as clipping, acronym,
blending, and derivation and the second was the technical terms which did not belong
to the theory such as letter as word, combination between letter and number as word
and omitting vowels.
Keywords:
Colloquial, SMS, Word Formation Process, English Department Students.
Malang, August 1
st, 2012
Advisor I,
The Writer,
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ……….
LEGALIZATION ……….…
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ……….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………..
ABSTRACT ………..
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study ……….
1.2 Problem of Statement ..………
1.3 Purpose of Study ………
1.4 Significance of Study ……….
1.5 Scope and Limitation ……….
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ………..……….
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Language and Communication ……….
2.2 Sociolinguistics ……….
2.3 Language Variation ………...…
2.3.1 Style ……….………
2.3.2 Slang ………
2.3.3 Colloquial ………..…
2.4 Word Formation Processes …..……….….
2.4.1 Theory from Yule ………
vii
a. Coinage ……...….………….………..………
b. Borrowing ……….……….………
c. Compounding ………..
d. Blending ……….……….
e. Clipping ..………..
f. Back Formation ………
g. Conversion .……….
h. Acronyms ……….
i. Derivation ……….
j. Prefixes and Suffixes ………
k. Infixes ……….
2.4.2 Theory from Trask ………..
a. Compounding ………...
b. Derivation ……….
c. Clipping ………
d. Blending ………..
e. Back Formation ………
f. Reanalysis ……….
g. Acronym ………..
2.5 Short Message Service ………
viii
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ………..
3.2 Research object ……….
3.3 Research Instrument ………
3.3.1 Document Analysis ..…..………
3.4 Data Collection ………
3.5 Data Analysis ………..
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Finding ……….
4.1.1 Colloquials Found ………...
4.1.1.1 Colloquial Based on Theory ……….
4.1.1.2 Colloquial which Do Not Belong to the Theory ……….
4.1.2 Word Formation Processes Used
4.2 Discussion
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alwasilah, Chaedar. 1986. Pengetahuan Kebahasaan I. Jakarta: Penerbit Karunika Universitas Terbuka
Ary, Donald. 2002. Introductoion to Research Education. New York: Rine Hard and Winston Book Company.
Aslinda and Syafyahya, Leni. 2007. Pengantar Sosiolinguistik. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Cellophones.about.com on December 2011.
Chaer, Abdul. 2003.
Linguistik Umum
. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Couplan, Nikolas and Adam Jaworski: 1997. Sociolinguistic A R Coursebook. London: Mcmillan Press.
Indriawati, Prita. 2010.
An Analysis of Colloquial Language Fouund on English
Writing Update Status the Members of Facebook in Internet.
UMM:
Unpublished Thesis.
Littlejohn, Stephen and Foss, Karen. 2009.
Teori Komunikasi
. Jakarta: Salemba
Humanika.
Mesthrie, Rajend, Swann, Joan, Deumert, Andrea & Leap, William L. 2000. Introducing Sociolinguistic. Edinburgh University Press.
Ramadhani, Anisa. 2007. Study on Language Used by the Member of Friendster Writing
Testimonial in Internet: Analysis on Its Colloquial Words. UMM: Unpublished
Thesis.
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer presents background of the study, statement of the
problems, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation,
and the definition of key terms. All of them are explained as follows.
1.1Background of the Study
A study that learns about language is called linguistics. There are many
branches of Linguistics, they are syntax, semantics, pragmatics, morphology,
phonology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics. One of the
linguistics branches which relates with society is called sociolinguistics.
According to Trask (1999: 262), “Sociolinguistics is the branch of linguistics
which studies the relationship between language and society.” Based on the
theory, it shows that sociolinguistics discusses the aspects of language in society.
Sociolinguistics also discusses about language variation. There are some kinds
of language variations such as colloquial, register, slang, code switching, etc.
People use language variations in many purposes. For instance, they use it to
communicate between specific communities and to express their feelings and
thoughts. Therefore, most of them use informal language, such as colloquial. As
stated by Trask, colloquial is ordinary, relaxed and informal speech such as using
contractions, connecting words and phrases, abbreviated utterances, many words
and expressions we would avoid in formal contexts (1999: 41).
The above theory can be summarized that colloquial can be formed by word
2
process of constructing new words from existing materials.” Therefore, word
formation process is often used in informal context such as in SMS writing.
“SMS stands for short message service. SMS is also often referred to as
texting, sending text messages or text messaging. The service allows for short text
messages to be sent from one cell phone to another cell phone or from the Web to
another cell phone.” (http://cellphones.about.com, accessed on December 01,
2011 at 7.18 p.m.). The purpose of SMS is to keep up good relation and effective
work with families, friends, and colleagues. By sending SMS we can ask,
promote, and advertise some important informations.
Based on the writer’s point of view about English department students’ SMS
writing, she faced two phenomena. The first, SMS has been part of their daily
activity. They use it to communicate with friends or family, so they do SMS every
time and every where. They can ask or share many things by sending SMS. The
second phenomenon which makes this study is more interesting to be analyzed is
because of English Department students’ style of language in SMS writing. Most
of them use informal language. They have their own language to communicate
with others. Sometimes, the older people cannot understand what they mean.
Furthermore, both phenomena are also supported by two previous researches.
The first study was conducted by Annisa (2007) entitled “A Study on Language
Used by The Member of Friendster in Writing Testimonial in Internet: Analysis
on Its Colloquial Words.” Based on her study, there were many language
variations found in the internet, one of them was colloquial words in Friendster
testimonial. The purpose of Friendster is to make the members keep in touch with
3
friends, messaging, blogging and also posting the bulletin. She conducted the
research because the study on colloquial used in Friendster testimonial has never
been researched before, so it could give new nuance for the field of linguistics. It
would also give new insight about colloquial used in internet. She found many
shorter words than the standard language. Sometimes, the members of Friendster
combined the number and letter.
Another study was conducted by Prita (2010) entitled “An Analysis of
Colloquial Language Found on English Writing Update Status by The Members
of Facebook in Internet.” She stated that colloquial was used in Facebook update
status. Similar with Friendster, Facebook is a media that is used to communicate
each other, to meet new friends, to stay in touch with old ones, to share many
things such as photos, videos, articles, etc. She conducted the research to avoid
misunderstanding especially for new English learners. She also found many
shorter words than the standard one. Some of them are combined by number.
Related to those phenomena, this study is used to show that SMS has been part
of their life to communicate with people and most of them use informal language.
Moreover, it is important to be analyzed in order to make people understand what
the meanings of the colloquial used in SMS writing are. Besides, it is also
important to describe what word formation processes used to form the colloquial
in SMS writing. In addition, this study is conducted since English Department
students’ SMS writing mostly use abbreviation and shorter than the standard one.
Sometimes, it makes people who do not know abbreviation confuse and
4
Combining between those phenomena and some theories that have been
described above, the writer interested in analyzing word formation processes that
form colloquial in SMS writing. The object of this study is English Department
students’ SMS writing. Thus, “A Study on Colloquial in Writing SMS Done by
English Department Students: An Analysis on Its Words Formation Processes” is
considered as the suitable title of this study.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Based on the background of the study above, the problems are formulated as
follows:
1. What are the colloquials found in English Department students’ SMS
writing?
2. What words formation processes used to form colloquials found in English
Department students’ SMS writing?
1.3Purpose of the Study
Based on the problems above, the purposes of the study are formulated as
follows:
1. To know the colloquials found in English Department students’ SMS
writing.
2. To describe the words formation processes used to form colloquials found
in English Department students’ SMS writing.
1.4Significance of the Study
The result of this study is expected has both theoretical and practical values.
Theoretically, this study is expected to increase knowledge particularly the
5
Practically, for the English Department students, hopefully the result of this
study can give additional knowledge in sociolinguistics study. It is also expected
can increase students’ motivation in analyzing other studies related with language
variation. Then, for the further researchers, the result of this study is expected to
be one of additional references to conduct another study related with
sociolinguistics. Another purpose is for the sociolinguistics lecturer, this study is
expected to be able as an example of linguistics analysis especially on colloquial
used in telecommunication and also as a source of teaching linguistics.
1.5Scope and Limitation
In this study, the writer uses scope and limitation which is used to take a
precaution from overlapping of this study. The scope of this study is English
Department students’ SMS writing, specifically for the seventh semester students.
It includes the whole aspects of colloquial, such as using contractions, connecting
words and phrases, abbreviated utterances, and many words and expressions we
would avoid in formal contexts. It is also limited on such aspects of word
formation processes which form colloquial in English Department students’ SMS
writing used in daily communication, namely clipping, blending, acronyms,
prefixes and suffixes.
1.6Definition of Key Terms
The writer uses some key terms in the title of this study. The key terms used in
this study are formulated as follow:
Colloquial is ordinary, relaxed, informal speech such as using
6
words and expressions we would avoid in formal contexts (Trask, 1999:
41).
Word formation is the process of constructing new words from existing
materials (Trask, 1999: 344).
SMS is also often referred to as texting, sending text messages or text
messaging. The service allows for short text messages to be sent from one
cell phone to another cell phone or from the Web to another cell phone
