Nurbayani, Asriyani. 2014
WAKTU OPTIMUM ISOLASI NANOKRISTALIN SELULOSA BAKTERIAL DARI LIMBAH KULIT NANAS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu optimum isolasi nanokristalin selulosa
bakterial dari limbah kulit nanas dan memperoleh nanokristalin selulosa bakterial serta
karakterisasinya berdasarkan interpretasi data spektroskopi
Fourier
Transform InfraRed
(FTIR),
Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM), dan
X-Ray Diffraction
(XRD). Sumber
selulosa bakterial yang digunakan berasal dari hasil fermentasi bakteri
Acetobacter xylinum
.
Metode yang digunakan untuk isolasi nanokristalin selulosa bakterial dengan cara hidrolisis
menggunakan asam sulfat. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi proses hidrolisis diantaranya
konsentrasi asam, waktu hidrolisis, rasio selulosa bakterial/asam dan suhu. Variasi waktu
hidrolisis selama yaitu 5; 15; 25; 35; dan 45 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
waktu hidrolisis optimum untuk isolasi nanokristalin selulosa bakterial dari limbah kulit
nanas adalah 25 menit. Volume sol koloid nanokristalin selulosa bakterial yang dihasilkan
sebanyak 70,20 mL. Hasil FTIR nanokristalin selulosa bakterial menunjukkan kemiripan
gugus fungsi dengan selulosa bakterial limbah kulit nanas serta adanya sedikit perubahan
struktur akibat perlakuan hidrolisis yaitu munculnya puncak serapan gugus fungsi C=C pada
bilangan gelombang 1656,85
–
1627,92 cm
-1dan diperkuat dengan munculnya puncak
serapan C-H sp
2vibrasi ulur pada bilangan gelombang 3132,40 cm
-1karena terjadinya proses
eliminasi. Hasil TEM menunjukkan ukuran nanokristalin selulosa bakterial yang dihasilkan
mempunyai dimensi rerata panjang 200
–
750 nm, lebar 10
–
25 nm dan aspek rasio 10
–
30
dengan bentuk partikel jarum. Besarnya aspek rasio yang didapatkan berpotensi untuk
dijadikan
reinforcing nanofiller
pada polimer. Hasil pengukuran XRD diperoleh derajat
kristalinitas sebesar 63,70%.
Kata Kunci : nanokristalin bakterial selulosa, bakterial selulosa, hidrolisis asam
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal time for isolation of bacterial cellulose
nanocrystalline from pineapple peel waste and develop ba cterial cellulose nanocrystalline
along with characterization were determined by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Bacterial cellulose
sources were produced by Acetobacter xylinum. Bacterial cellulose nanocrystalline were
obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. Several parameters were important using the
acid hydrolysis method: acid concentration, hydrolysis time, ratio of bacterial
cellulose-to-acid, and temperature. Variations of hydrolysis time 5; 15; 25; 35; and 45 minutes. The
optimum time for isolation of bacterial cellulose nanocrystalline from pineapple peel waste
was 25 minutes. Total volume of colloid bacterial cellulose nanocrystalline was 70.20 mL.
Result of FTIR chara cterization bacterial cellulose nanocrystalline showed the chara cteristic
band functional group of bacterial cellulose from pineapple peel waste and have different
structure between bacterial cellulose nanocrystalline and bacterial cellulose due to
hydrolysis effect showed band at 1656,85
–
1627,92 cm
-1that C= C bond formation with
strong band at 3132,40 cm
-1assigned to C-H sp
2stretching, functional group C= C bond
arise due to from elimination. Result of TEM observations showed that the bacterial cellulose
nanocrystalline have a size of 200
–
750 nm in length, 10
–
25 nm in width, aspect ratio 10
–
Nurbayani, Asriyani. 2014
WAKTU OPTIMUM ISOLASI NANOKRISTALIN SELULOSA BAKTERIAL DARI LIMBAH KULIT NANAS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
nanocrystalline can be use as a reinforcing nano-filler for various composite. Result of XRD
pattern showed that degree of crystallinity bacterial cellulose nanocrystalline were 63.70%.
