Analysis of The Representation of Abu Dujanah in A 'Tempo' Article Entitled 'Mama's Boys'.

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Maranatha Christian University

ABSTRACT

Dalam tugas akhir ini, saya mengambil sebuah artikel dari majalah Tempo edisi 18 September 2006 yang berjudul “Mama’s Boys” sebagai sumber data saya. Artikel ini ditulis oleh Budi Setyarso dan Imron Rosyid. Saya menggunakan teori van Dijk tentang representasi dalam sebuah teks pada News Schemata dalam menganalisis data tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Abu Dujanah sebagai salah satu pengikut Noordin M. Top direpresentasikan dalam artikel ini.

Dalam menganalisis data ini, fokus penelitian saya adalah analisis tingkat tahap mikro yang terdiri dari tiga aspek analisis, yaitu macrostructure, superstructure, dan microstructure.

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APPENDICES

Article Tempo Magazine 18 September 2006 Page 16-17

Cover Story

A New Breed of Terrorists Mama’s Boys

Noordin M. Top relies on several people to escape from the police. Abu Dujanah is one of them.

(1) He could be a latter-day Houdini, adept at vanishing. Authorities have difficulty in recognizing him, let alone arrest him. He name is at the top of the police’s most-wanted list. He is, after all, an expert in bomb making and armaments. In Indonesia, he is a field commander and a bomb strategist. His name is Abu Dujanah.

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Police, has repeatedly called on the public to be extra cautious about the man. “After an in-depth study of the terrorists network in Indonesia,” said this three-star police general at the Police Academy in Sukabumi, West Java,” I can say that Abu Dujanah is a very dangerous man.”

(3) According to sources in the police department, the capture of Abu Dujanah is currently a police priority. For the past several weeks, the team of the 88th Antiterrorism Special Detachment has heightened its search for this man.

(4) Abu Dujanah was born Ainul Bahri. He was raised in Cianjur, West Java the hometown of Hambali alias Riduan Isamuddin, the terrorist suspect currently being held by the United States intelligence authorities. Ainul learned to read the Qur’an from Dadang Hafidz, a religious teacher who had strong links to the Darul Islam separatist movement.

(5) In the mid-1980s, after changing his name to Abu Dujanah, this Sundanese man continued his studies in Pakistan. There he met many mujahideen who later convinced him to join the fighting in Afghanistan. He was there from 1989 to 1991, and was trained at the Afghanistan Mujahideen Military Academy.

(6) There he honed his lethal skills. He trained in the use of light armaments, bomb making and guerilla tactics. Abu Dujanah also had a close friendship with Zulkarnaen, who is suspected of being involved in the October 12, 2002 bombings in Bali.

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very fluent in Arabic and English,” said the author of the book, Exposing the Jamaah Islamiyah to Tempo last week.

(8) It was his fluency in Arabic that enabled Abu Dujanah to connect with and gain the trust of high-ranking Al Qaeda members. He has even met privately with Osama bin Laden, the leader of a terrorist organization, according to the CIA. (9) After Afghanistan, Abu Dujanah became a teacher at the Luqmanul Hakiem

Islamic Boarding School in Johor, Malaysia. At the time, the Luqmanul Hakiem was led by Muchlas-now sentenced to death for his involvement in the October 2002 Bali bombing. Noordin Mohammad Top also once taught at this school. From here, Abu Dujanah developed a very close relationship with the police’s most wanted fugitive.

(10)Abu Dujanah then helped to expand the Jamaah Islamiyah (JI). He was the secretary of the Mantiqi II area, covering the region of Sumatra, Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. In October 2002, he was promoted to the position of secretary of the JI markaziyah (headquarters).

(11)According to Brig. Gen. Surya Dharma, Abu Dujanah is currently protecting Noordin Top. He, among others, found safe accommodations for Noordin, a fugitive with a Rp1 billion bounty on his head. “Abu Dujanah is protecting Noordin,” Surya added.

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(13)It is evident from this story how much Noordin relies on Abu Dujanah. Soon after escaping a police raid on Jalan Kebon Kembang in Bandung at the end on 2003. Noordin fled to Yogyakarta. There according to Nasir, Noordin was having trouble finding a hideout.

(14)Noordin then contacted Abu Dujanah by email. Abu Dujanah immediately responded by asking him to go to Solo, Central Java. In his town. Abu Dujanah provided him with the house of Fauzan, a member of the JI, to use as a place to hide. “Noordin was taken care of and protected by Abu Dujanah, but he could not go anywhere.” said Nasir .

(15)The situation changed after a bomb exploded at the Australian embassy in Jakarta on September 9.2004. According to Nasir, from that time on. Noordin no longer sought protection with the activists of the Indonesian Islamic Nation (NII), which he left was “not radical enough.” He began to rely more on JI activists. “That is why Jemaah Islamiyah members are sworn to protect each other.” said Nasir.

(16)From the testimony of some terrorist suspect who have been jailed since 2005, Noordin often hides out in Pekalongan, Solo, Semarang, and Temanggung, Central Java. These places were Noordin’s favorite hideouts, not only because they have strong Islamic communities, but also due to favorable conditions in the region.

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(18)Noordin uses different names in each cell. In Semarang he used the names Ridwan, Ahmad, and Farhan. In Temanggung, he called himself Herman. In Pekalongan he said he was Jat or Hazmi. However, there is a code word used by cell members to refer to him: “My mama.”

(19) A Tempo source with the police said that Abu Dujanah is currently screening new recruits for Noordin. “Noordin will only accept those he recommends,” said the officer, who is familiar with the details of the terrorists hunt.

(20)In addition to Abu Dujanah, Noordin is also relying on Rino alias Tedy. According to several terrorist suspects, he is a mystery. In his early 30s, he is the one who helped make the video recording of Noordin’s statement about the October 2005 bombing in Bali.

(21)According to Subur Sugiyanto alias Abu Mujahid, the suspect who was arrested in Semarang early this year, Tedy is graduate of Ma’had Darusysyahadah, Boyolali, Central Java. He comes from Wonogiri and is known to be a computer expert. “Tedy has military and warfare abilities,” cited an investigation report, a copy of which was obtained by Tempo.

(22)Tedy was also the one who found the rental house for Azahari and Noordin on Jalan Flamboyan in Batu, East Java. This is where Azahari was killed in a police raid, in November last year. According to a witness, Tedy also once bought three pistols which were paid for with the proceeds from selling the stolen gold.

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are also Zulkarnaen, Qotada, Nuim, and Zulkifli bin Hir. According to Nasir Abas, they are experienced fighters.

(24)These veterans of Afghanistan may still be dangerous. According to Mohammad Cholily, 28, who last week was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment in the Bali bombing case, Azahari once swore: bombings targeted at Western interests will be carried out once a year.

Table 1. Superstructure analysis in the article “Mama’s Boys” No Paragraph

No

Paragraph Schematic

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Terrorism became the most important issue that occurred in Indonesia some time ago. It was caused by the bombs which exploded in Bali twice. It happened in 2002 and 2005. Hundreds of people died including some tourists from various countries. The attacks happened in the most popular places in Bali, especially to tourists.

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Maranatha Christian University succeed in executing all Noordin’s plans.

In my thesis, I take an article which presents a discussion about Abu Dujanah, one of Noordin’s followers. The article is entitled “Mama’s Boys”. It was published in Tempo magazine dated September 18, 2006 and written by Budi Setyarso and Imron Rosyid.

I choose this topic to be analyzed because this occasion was very important and became a complicated problem for Indonesia and even the world at that time. The existence of terrorists became a great threat for Indonesia and the world. It was caused because the main suspect, Noordin M. Top, has many followers who helped him to do his action. Furthermore, I want to know how Abu Dujanah as one of Noordin’s followers is represented by Tempo as the cover story in this magazine.

In my opinion, Tempo has strong statements to convince the reader about (the representation of) someone in its articles. That is the reason why I choose Tempo magazine as the source of my data. I use text analysis in order to show the negative or positive representation Abu Dujanah in the case of terrorism at that time. To analyze this data, I will use van Dijk’s theory as my basic theory. By doing this analysis, I hope I can find how a text is written as the main topic in this magazine.

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Maranatha Christian University way the authors write this news. Therefore, from this analysis we can know what representation that authors want to make because how they express their feelings or opinions about something or someone in a news report determines the reader’s perspective.

Teun A. van Dijk is a professor of Discourse Studies at the University of Amsterdam who focused on literary theory, text grammar, discourse pragmatics and the psychology of text processing in his earlier research and also the author of several books such as edited The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, the introductory book Discourse Studies, and The Study of Discourse. (discourse.org) For my thesis, I use van Dijk’s theory about news schemata that presents how a news report is written and explaining the parts of news that make a news report useful and interesting to be read.

In doing my analysis, I limit the scope to the micro level only, which consists of the macrostructure, microstructure and superstructure analyses. From these strategies, I will obtain the most important information that the authors want to tell the reader and also how Abu Dujanah is represented in this text.

At last, I hope this thesis will be useful for those who read it and get an idea of how to analyze a text, especially news in the mass. I also hope this thesis can makes everyone who reads it understand more about how something or someone is represented in a news report.

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Maranatha Christian University Statement of the Problem

There are three problems that will be discussed in this thesis:

1. What is the representation of Abu Dujanah in the text based on the macrostructure analysis?

2. What is the representation of Abu Dujanah in the text based on the microstructure analysis?

3. What is the representation of Abu Dujanah in the text based on the superstructure analysis?

Purpose of the Study

There are three purposes of this thesis, they are:

1. To find out the representation of Abu Dujanah in the text based on the macrostructure analysis.

2. To find out the representation of Abu Dujanah in the text based on the microstructure analysis.

3. To find out the representation of Abu Dujanah in the text based on the superstructure analysis.

Method of Research

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Maranatha Christian University the basic of my theory to analyze the data. Then, I analysed the data and finally I wrote my research report.

Organization of the Thesis

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CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION

In this last chapter, I would like to draw some conclusion of the representation of Abu Dujanah in Tempo article entitled “Mama’s Boys”. According to the previous chapter, I get some research result that refers to the representation of Abu Dujanah in the three aspects of the micro level: macrostructure, superstructure and microstructure analyses.

In the macrostructure analysis, I analyse the summary of the article found in the upper headline, main headline and lead of this article. The upper headline is Cover Story a New Breed of Terrorists. The main headline in this article is

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Maranatha Christian University The authors provide the term Mama’s Boys in the main headline to describe the realationship between Noordin M. Top and Abu Dujanah. Besides, the authors use the phrase New Breed in the upper headline to give the impression to the reader that there is a new group of terrorists that has appeared. I think the way of the authors present the summary of the article is very unique. These words would make the reader want to read the whole article. In addition, the authors mention the name Abu Dujanah as one of the Noordin’s followers in the lead to make the reader get more curious about him.

In the superstructure analysis of this article, I find fifteen paragraphs that represent Abu Dujanah. The most categories that I find are verbal reaction categories and backgrounds. There are eight verbal reactions and seven backgrounds of Abu Dujanah. From eight verbal reactions, I find three positive statements of Abu Dujanah and five negative statements of Abu Dujanah. Moreover, in the backgrounds, all the paragraphs present negative representation of Abu Dujanah. Therefore, there are twelve paragraphs that present negative representation and three positive representation of Abu Dujanah. The presentation of the three positive statements of Abu Dujanah are right away contradicted by the other verbal reactions in the following or previous paragraphs. Hence, from this analysis, it is seen that the authors present Abu Dujanah negatively in a subtle way.

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Maranatha Christian University reader should pay more attention to how the authors organize their ideas as this will reveal the representation of Abu Dujanah.

In the third analysis, in the microstructure analysis, I focus on the stylistic aspects, namely in the lexical style and the use of rhetorical figures. In lexical style, I analyze the words that the authors use to represent Abu Dujanah. There are thirteen words that represent Abu Dujanah. Some of those words are literally negative in meaning and some of them are contextually negative in meaning. The words literally having negative meaning are dangerous, smart, dilligent, active, threat, and protective. Besides, the words or phrases contextually having negative

meaning can be seen in the sentence such as His name is at the top of the police’s

most-wanted list; He is, after all, an expert in bomb making and armaments; he is

a field commander and a bomb strategist; Abu Dujanah developed a very close relationship with the police’s most wanted fugitive; Noordin was taken care of and protected by Abu Dujanah.

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Maranatha Christian University Abu Dujanah. Thus, the reader should be more careful when reading this article so as to find out how the authors represent Abu Dujanah in their article.

Still in the microstructure analysis, in the stylistic aspects, I find the use of figure of speech in this article. There is an interesting metaphor in the first paragraph. Abu Dujanah is described to be like a latter-day Houdini. Houdini is an illusionist with his sensational escape actions and he is also popular about the escape tricks from police handcuffs and jails. The authors describe Abu Dujanah to be like Houdini because it is difficult to arrest Abu Dujanah as he is clever to escape from the police’s pursuit.

Based on this finding, I am certain that in doing a text analysis it is essential that the reader is asked to be highly critical to find out how a particular character is represented in the text.

As an overall comment, I think the authors are good in putting forward and organizing their ideas about Abu Dujanah. The subtle way in representing Abu Dujanah is approriate because they know that terrorism is a sensitive case.

It is very interesting to analyse a text and I suggest that further researchers who want to take text analysis as topic for thesis should have to be more critical in analysing a text. In addition,they have not only to understand about text that to be analysed but also know about the background information or the issues that are related to the text or article source.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Text

Setyarso, Budi and Imron Rasyid. “Mama’s Boys,” Tempo Magazine 18 Sep.2006, pp 16-17.

References

Abuza, Zachary. Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror. United States of America: Lynne Rienner, 2003.Print.

“Active.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Biographical note Teun A van Dijk.” discourse.org .n. pag. Web. 25 April. 2013. Central Intelligence Agency. About CIA, 2006. Web. 20 March 2014.

“Commander.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Dangerous.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Diligent.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Expert.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Fluent.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print.

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Maranatha Christian University Institute for the Study of Violent Groups. The Institute for the Study of Violent

Groups, 2012. Web. 20 March 2014.

“Jemaah Islamiyah (a.k.a. Jemaah Islamiah).” Council of Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, 2009. Web. 20 March 2014

“Mama’s boy.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Mama’s boy.” Urban Dictionary. Urban Dictionary Online, 1999-2013. Web. 18

November 2013.

“Most.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Mujahideen.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Protective.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. Racheedus. “Profil Noordin M. Top, Sang Gembong Teroris” wordpress.com. 19

September 2009. Web. 25 April. 2013.

“Smart.” Def. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Strategist.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print. “Take care of sb.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010.

Print.

The Great Harry Houdini. Houdini His Life and His Art, 2013. Web. 20 March 2014. “Threat.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Print.

van Dijk, T. A. Critical Discourse Analysis. Handbook of Discourse Analysis. 352-371. Oxford : Blackwell, 2001. Print.

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Maranatha Christian University van Dijk, T. A. News Schemata. Studying Writing. 155-186. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage,

1986. Print.

van Dijk, T. A. Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis. Discourse & Society. 249-283. 1993. Print.