Ornamentation Structure of Flower Pollen on Entomophyli Pollination.

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i

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lnternational Conference on Biosciences and Biotechnology "Pave the Way to A Better Life"

Bali, lndonesia 123-24 September 2010

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Preface

Forewords-Rector of Udayana UniversiW 11

Table of Content ur

KEYNOTE PRESENTATION

1 USE OF

IN

WTRO BREEDING STRATEGIES IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIVE PLANTS Acram Taji and Richard Williams

KP-1

2 STEM CELL AND ITS MICROENVIRONMENT Ferry Sandra

Y\P-2

J THE DEVELOPMENT OF REVERSE GENETIC TO DEVELOP VACCINE TO CONTROL BIRD FLU IN POULTRY

IN

INDONESIA

I Gusti Ngurah Mahardika, I Nyoman Suartha, and Melina Jonas

KP-3

4 Review

GENE ISOLATION BY USING TRANSPOSON AND T-DNA

TAGGING METHODS

I G.K. Susrama, I G.N. Bagus, and I G.P.Wirawan

KP-4

5 WHY ARE T}IE NETWORKS FOREST ECOSYSTEM?

FROM THE BIOLOGY OF ARMILLARII AND TERMITOMYCES Jooyoung Cha and IGP Wirawan

KP.lO

6 ONLINE SIMULATION OF BIOPROCESSES

Klaus-Uwe Gollmer

KP-l1

7 ELICITORS INDUCING PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES Kazuhito Kawakita

KP-14

8 THE CONTROL OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE

(GNRH) IN MAMMALS: A WAY TO IMPROVE THE FERTILITY IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Kei-ichiro Maeda, Kinuyo Iwata, Yoshihisa lJenoyama, Satoshi Ohkura and Hiroko Tsukamura

KP-23

9 CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES OF AN ENDANGERED

ANIMAL

Mitsuaki Ogata

KP-29

l0

CELL

WALL

DEGRADATION AND MODIFICATION ENZYMES OF GRAM- POSITIVE BACTERIA: HISTORY, IMPORTANCE

AND FUTURE ASPECTS Sekiguchi J.

KP-33

11 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE PHOTOREACTIONS OF

FLAVIN-BINDING PROTEINS BY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY

Tatsuya Iwata

(3)

10 STUDYABOUT INDONESIAN BLUE BOTLE JELLYFISH (PhysatiaPftrsalrs)VENoM FROM THE WATERS

OF

PAPUMA JEMBER

AlMunawir

oH-35

11 TNFECTTVTTY OF LYTIC PHAGE TO EPEC

(ENTEROPATHOGEMC ESCHERICHIA COLI ) FROM DIARRTIEAL PATIENTS IN INDONESIA

Sri Budiarti

oH-36

t2

ANTTEECTERIAL EFFECT OF LACTOFERRIN AND _,

LACTOFERRIN

IIYDROLYZNE

ON Enterobacter s akazakii Fatma ZuhrotunNisa, Hafsyah Laili Nurwandari and Elza Ismail

oH-37

13 ,q.NOVgL OF REPLACING CACO-2 CELL WITH ENTEROCYTE MICE TO DETERMINE BACTERIAADHESION ACTIVITY

IN

VITRO

Sukrama,ID. M.

oH-38

POSTER PRESENTATION

:

AGRICULTURE

I

M

STRUCTURE

OF

FLOWER

POLLEN

ON

ENTHOMOPI{YLI POLLINATION Ni Putu Adriani Astiti

PA-1

2 WErc+IT LOSS

AND

RESPIRATION RATE OF SALACA FRUIT

IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE USING POLYETHYLINE PLASTIC PACKAGING AT VARIOUS PERFORATION

Ida Ayu Rina Pratiwi Pudja

PA-4

J

SOYBEAN

(Glycine

max (L)

MERRILL)

in

planta

TRANSFORMATION OF SUNFLOWER

ALBUMIN

GENE USING

A gro b a ct erium tumefo c i e ns

I

Wayan Suberataand I Putu Suparthana

PA-8

4 HOW TO USg AND TREAT THE LAND ACCORDING TO VEDIC KNOWLEDGE AND AUTHORITY

Wayan Suena

PA-l1

5

POST HARVEST

MANAGEMENT

OF

GLADIOL

(Gladiolus

hybridus) AS CUT FLOWER Made Ria Defiani

PA-15

6 CTTNOUOSOMES OBSERVATION ON CULTIVARS OF BTASSiCA

napusL.

tvtade Pharmawati, A.A. Gde Indraningrat, Ni Nyoman Wirasiti

PA-18

7 RESPONSE OF OTT'BNTNC PANCREAS EXTRACT AND RATION SUPLEMENTED BY PROBIOTIC ON CARCASS, BLOOD SUGAR CONCENTRATION, AND BLOOD LIPID PROFILE TO BROILER

lokorda

Gede Belawa Yadnya and Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi

PA.22

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lnternational Conference on Biosciences and Biotechnology "Pave the Way to A Better Life"

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lrt"rrrtional Conference on Biosciences and Biotechnology ?ave the Way to A Better Life"

ORNAMENTATION STRUCTT]RE OF FLOWER POLLEN ON

ENTHOMOPITYLI

POLLINATION

Ni Putu Adriani Astiti

adrianiastiti@yahoo. co. id

Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

ABSTRACT

Research has been carried pollen from many plant species

,

with the afun to find out from the wall of pollerr motphology in the _{interest pollination caried by}_insects_{(entomophyli) .Materiai}

taken

from plants belonging-to Monoicotyledoneae _and_{Dicotyledoneae.}_preparation

was done by acetolysis method and observation using light microscopy. Fro* the.esults showed that the pollen in flowers polination carried by insects (Jrtomophyli)';*"ruily

h;r"

_a_flat_{surface, a}

bit rough

with the noise - kind of ornamentation.ornamentation

in

_the_iorm_of_spine_or

sculpture _witha

different type for each species.

Key word: _{Pollen, Entomophyli, ornamentation}

INTRODUCTION

Flowering is one aspect

of

plant

life.

Shape _{and color}_of_{the beautifirl flowers,}

a neat header regular interest, and the smell of fragrant

fl;";r

_{that invite}_insects_to_come looking for honey .Fruit and seed crops depend "on _{pollination results.}_{Insects can}_cause

pollen move from one flower to another flower.

wh; th";;ii;"

_is_already_{carried by}_the fal,l on the stigma,

it

happens pollination. Once the importance of the role

of

insects in

pollination, it _{is interesting to}_note_{in particular flower pott"n mo.phological}

structure, as

in; pollen pollination plays an important role _{especiaffv m}

tfrr*ent

_of_conception. The beauty _{of.colors, flower}_shapes,_as_well_as_{a special}

smell and produce honey

or nectar to attract different tlpes

of

insects, so the animals

-

these _{animals often}_visit flowers and _{pollinating accidentally (Arnet}_and_Braunga_{rt, tgtlo).}

Important

role

as

a

pollinator _insects_andp--ollen _types_are_{shown variations}

associated with the visited flower. Some insects are _{irelpful iir'pollination}_are_bees,_flies,

wasps, butterflies and beetles (Bhojwani and Bhatnag ar,'r9r7g1-.'

Pollen produced _{by terrestrial plants is the}

prlvii"g"

oi

d".r"lopment resistance

of

exterior walls. The outer

wall

is eksin that contain

*u*

* ,"; H;i-;fa"*-J.irrr,

helps the wax layer scattering. Pollination interest carriea by insects, the pollen surface ornamentation spine and there are carved images to assist in tire scattering (Kapp, 1969).

MATERIALS

AND

METIIODS

The samples _{taken were from the groug Monocotyledoneae}

and Dicotyledoneae, respectively - each five species' The group of

monocotyLaor*"

_is_Lilium_{longiflorurn,}

lladiolus

sp, Amaryllis sp, sp Arachnis an-d vanda rp,

*irrr"

*"0

_of_{dicotyledoneae is}

caesalpinia pulcherrima,

crotararia

sp,

sesiania

groidiltoro pers,

Hibiscas

rosasinensis

and

_Nymphaea

sp.

preparation

was

dine

uv

acetolysis - rrr"rrroa (Soerodikoesoemo, 1 983).

Pollen taken from anthers collected in a test tube _{(vial), which is}_already_{filled with} glacial acetic acid, then

left for

_{24 hours. Then transfrerred'into a centrifuge tube,}_and

centrifugation performed. The liquid was removed and replaced with glacial acetic acid

with

_{concentrated sulfuric acid}_with_the_ratio

9:

_l.Heating

in

a water bath from room temperature to boiling.

After

boiling heating was stoppeiand settling

for

15 minutes. Subsequently conducted centrifuge, then

the liquid

*u*

,*rred

and replaced with

distilled water. observation

wittr

tigtrtmicroscope, was

still

dark when

6r"r"rri"g

i,

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lnternational Conference on Biosciences and Biotechnology "Pave the way to A Better Life"

carried out using glacial acetic acid 2 cc of sodium Chlorates 2-3 drops 2-3' drops of HCI' and then centrifugation. Furthermore, the liquid removed and the sediments were washed

with

distilled water 2-3 times,

with

each iaundering conducted centrifuge again. Last

distilled water was ,eptac"O

with

glycerin

jelly

that has been heated and mixed with

safranin dyes.Further observation with light microscope' For the identification carried out:

- Mesurement

of

polar axis, and Equatorial' -Determining of index P/E

-Determine lhe type of pollen (by Erdtman,1952)' -View pollen ornamentation on the walls'

photo _shootdone using olympus brand camera

c

35

A,

100 ASA Kodak film.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

From 10 species observed were obtained the foltowing results:

'

ra

be'

il1:1";H,:l;,r'fi

ffil:ITfl

i:f:i;fi

'"0*

l r Alaaislatq I r, ,.ii 2 Amuryllis V !.: ULt4alusifr@n :

' _,:il 4 Vanddsp

j::ilii,,lrs rrir-,U=:::riir:.rrilf.rer*.0:.0..0-,,,,,, ?q:P-.i-.q199.j....!s*0:0 I ,i i:..;;1??:l::?iiil;:,,:,:,rli?::,=,11inT,:,:*ri7li,: \; ': ': r ., ',- :l- i:=iilii:li r,:::rrl Lri:1ii:

ii*itpi"iopuru,*l.d 7r.731 l.E0l 6t't910.t65 l'Mt 0'013

.#.lrt tsro,, c+!st0.165 l : i- :r i

E7.531r.413 ?4.E9t0.s65 rrq19!,

fi:

l=1ffiI

33.rt11.5t 30.336i0.707

6

,1+

E

_l0

cmiii;oq.. ' 23Jt!1J22 re'iC 1r'r2: j t'2t10'016 , "';- --r ' r; 1

'

i.iiiiii""aU-o Pd 30.s1!t'113 27'4elt'4t' r'1f,!0'007

;,1 Nlmphaaq ",' -' rs';r1i.lr3 3r.92it'713-" l'12!0'017

-"' _{''''riiiiiJ*iii'n*a"}',, ,ii ; ' :' .';'' tf- jr

E2.40!t.sr7 t2'40i1'400 l'00t0'000

Figure t.

O*urn"

iio**

'

Gladiolus

sp'O:yl!::,t::::

Arachnis and yanda sp, Ciesalpinia pulcherrima, Crotalqria sp, Sesbania grandiflora

Pers, Hibiscus rosasinensis and Nymphaea sp'

Tabel 2. Pollen description of species

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lnternational Conference on Biosciences and Biotechnology "Pave the Way to A Better Life,,

Amarillis sp.

Lilium longiflorum

Vanda sp.

Arachnis sp.

C ae s alp inia pu I ch errima

Crotalaria sp.

S e s b ania grandifl o ra P ers

Nymphaea sp.

Hibiscus rosasinensis

Kolpus a rather long and coiled, type subprolata,

rough surface is full of warts (verucate)

Kolpus lengthwise on a polar axis, ellipse, type

subprolata, ornamentation in the form of a small

spine and short on the surface

Kolpus lengthwise on a polar axis, ellipse, type

subprolata, ornamentation in the form of a small

spine - small and short on the surface

Kolpus polar axis elongates, tpe prolata sferoidal, rough surface is full of warts (verucate)

rotnded shape, ob)ate type sfen)dd - prdata

sferoidal, ornamentation is not clear

Having a third aperture and three porous, rough

surface with warts (verucate), tlpe prolata sferoidal.

Surface uneven, notched with three kolpus, type

subprolata

rough surface is full of warts (verucate), has three

kolpus, type prolata sferoidal

uneven surfaces, kolpus rather long, sferoidal prolata type, ornamentation is not clear

ornamentation in the form of a long spine on the surface (echinate), oblate type sferoidal - prolata

sferoidal.

l0

ln

general, pollen

of

flowers pollination carried by insects (entomophyli) has an

uneven surface, a bit rough, with exquisite omamentation such as spines, warts and the presence

of

sculptures

-

sculpture such as nets. Type

of

individual

-

each a different species, although included

in

the

same

family,

such

as

Crotalaria

sp,

Sesbania

grandiflora Pers and Caesalpinia pulcherima, although all three are included in each type

of

the Leguminosae family

is

different because each type

of

index P

/

E is

different. Likewise with Vanda sp and sp Arachnis which both belong to the family Orchidaceae, also different types. But Gladiolus sp, sp and Lilium longiflofum Amaryllis sp, all three including the order Liliales (Pudjoarianto and Budi Rahayu, 1977)have the same type

of

pollen that is subprolata. Accordingly Index P

/

E is to determine the type of pollen from

each

-

each species.

In

Summary,

Pollen

on

flower

pollination done

by

insects

(entomophyli)

has

the

structure:

Uneven

surfaces.

Slightly rough

surface .r _/ith

ornamentation

in

the form

of

spine, the curve,warts and sculpture

in

the form

of

a net.

Type of each type differs depending on the index P / E.

REF'ERENCES

Amet RH and Braungart DC. 1970. An Introduction to Plant Biology. Third Edition. C.V. sby Company. SaintLouis. Toppan Company, LTD. Tokyo, Japan. p. 223-224.

Bhojwani SS and Bhahragar SP. 1974. The Embryology of Angiosperms. Third Revised Edition. Vikas Publishing Hous, P.V.T, LTD. p. 44 - 47 _,95

-

96.

Erdtman G. 1952. Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. Angiosperm (An Introduction to Palynology I). The Chronica Botanica CO. Walrtham, Mass, U.S.A.

Kapp RO. 1969. How to Know. Pollen and Spores. WM.C. Brown Company Publishers.Dubuque. Iowa. Pudjoarianto A dan Rahayu SB. 1977. Diktat Sistematik Tumbuhan IIL Jilid I. Seksi Sistematik Tumbuh

-Tumbuhan. Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.

Soerodikoesoerno W. 1983. Petunjuk Praktikum Mikroteknik Tumbuhan. Lab. Embriologi Dan Mikroteknik Tumbuhan. Fakultas biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta.