LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Data Hasil Pengamatan

(1)

42

LAMPIRAN 1

1. Lampiran 1 Data Hasil Pengamatan A. Nilai Kalor

Hasil pengujian nilai kalor dari penelitian ini berupa data yang di uji Laboratorium Pendidikan Teknologi Kimia Industri (PTKI). Berikut hasil analisa nilai kalor:

Nilai kalor briket dihitung dengan persamaan:

- High Heating Value (HHV) = (T2-T1-TKp) x CV ( Kj/kg) - Low Heating Value (LHV) = HHV – 3240 (Kj/kg)

Dimana:

T1 = Suhu air pendingin sebelum dinyalakan (ºC) T2 = Suhu air pendingin sesudah dinyalakan (ºC) Tkp = Kenaikan suhu kawat penyala = 0.05 (ºC) Cv = Panas jenis alat = 73529.6 (kJ/kg ºC)

Perhitungan:

1. TKKD-1

a. HHV = 29.9235 - 29.4 - 0.05 x 73529.6 = 34816.26

LHV = 34816.26- 3240 = 31576.26 kj

Kalor = HHV: 4168 kj = 31576.26: 4168

(2)

43 = 7575.87 cal/g

b. HHV = 29.5261 - 29 - 0.05 x 73529.6 = 35007.44

LHV = 35007.44- 3240 = 31767.44 kj

Kalor = HHV: 4168 kj

= 31767.44: 4168

= 7621.74 cal/g

c. HHV = 29.8251 - 29.3 - 0.05 x 73529.6 = 34933.91

LHV = 34933.91- 3240 = 31693.91 kj

= 31693.91: 4168

= 7604.10 cal/g

(3)

44

Tabel 1 Analisa Nilai Kalor Briket Arang

Briket Arang Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dan Kulit Durian Briket T1ºC T2ºC Tkp(ºC) cv(kj/kgºC) HHV

(kj/kg)

kj/kg LHV (kj/kg)

Cal/g

TKKD- 1

29.4 29.9235 0.05 73529.6 34816.26 3240 31576.26 7575.87

TKKD- 1

29 29.5261 0.05 73529.6 35007.44 3240 31767.44 7621.74

TKKD- 1

29.3 29.8251 0.05 73529.6 34933.91 3240 31693.91 7604.10

Rata-Rata 34919.20 31679.20 7600.57

2. TKKD-2

a. HHV = 28.4012 – 27.9 - 0.05 x 73529.6 = 33176.55

LHV = 33176.55- 3240 = 29936.55 kj

= 29936.55: 4168

= 7182.47 cal/g

b. HHV = 28.4019 – 27.9 - 0.05 x 73529.6 = 33227.75

(4)

45 LHV = 33227.75- 3240

= 29987.75 kj

= 29987.75: 4168

= 7194.75 cal/g

c. HHV = 28.9017 – 28.4 - 0.05 x 73529.6 = 33213.32

LHV = 33213.32- 3240 = 29973.32 kj

= 29973.32: 4168

= 7191.29 cal/g

(5)

46

Tabel 2 Analisa Nilai Kalor Briket Arang

Briket Arang Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dan Kulit Durian Briket T1ºC T2ºC Tkp(ºC) cv(kj/kgºC) HHV

(kj/kg)

kj/kg LHV (kj/kg)

Cal/g

TKKD- 2

27.9 28.4012 0.05 73529.6 33176.55 3240 29936.55 7182.47

TKKD- 2

27.9 28.4019 0.05 73529.6 33227.75 3240 29987.75 7194.75

TKKD- 2

28.4 28.9017 0.05 73529.6 33213.32 3240 29973.32 7191.29

Rata-Rata 33205.87 29965.87 7191.50

B. Kadar Air

Hasil pengujian kadar air dari penelitian ini berupa data mentah yang di uji dilabotarium Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Perkebunan (TPHP). Berikut tabel analisa kadar Air briket arang TKKD

Kadar Air (%) =A − B

A 𝑥100%

Dimana:

A = berat sample basah B = berat sample kering Perhitungan:

1. TKKD-1

a. A = 44.986 gr B = 43.815 gr

(6)

47

Kadar Air (%) = 44.986 − 43.815

44.986 𝑥100% = 2.52%

b. A = 42.585 gr B = 41.385 gr

Kadar Air (%) = 42.585 − 41.385

42.505 𝑥100% = 2.81%

c. A = 42.109 gr B = 41.293 gr

Kadar Air (%) = 42.109 − 41.293

42.109 𝑥100% = 1.93%

2. TKKD – 2 a. A = 31.876 gr B = 30.983 gr

Kadar Air (%) =31.876 − 30.983

31.876 𝑥100% = 2.8%

b. A = 33.453 gr B = 32.541 gr

Kadar Air (%) =33.453 − 32.541

33.453 𝑥100% = 2.7%

c. A = 30.834 gr B = 29.916 gr

Kadar Air (%) =30.834 − 29.916

30.834 𝑥100% = 2.9%

(7)

48

Berikut tabel analisa kadar air briket arang TKKD:

Tabel 3 Analisa Kadar Air Briket Arang

Komposisi Kadar Air (%)

Pengujian 1 Pengujian 2 Pengujian 3 Rata – rata

TKKD-1 2.52 2.81 1.93 2.42

TKKD-2 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8

C. Kadar Abu

Hasil pengujian kadar abu dari penelitian ini berupa data yang di uji dilabotarium Dinas perindustrian dan perdagangan UPT. PENGUJIAN DAN SERTIFIKASI MUTU BARANG MEDAN. Berikut tabel analisa kadar abu briket arang TKKD:

Kadar Abu (%) = A − B

C 𝑥100%

Dimana:

A = berat cawan + berat sample (gr) B = berat cawan (gr)

C = berat contoh sample (gr) Perhitungan:

1. TKKD - 1 a. A = 34.2644 gr B = 34.0498 gr

(8)

49 C = 3.0010 gr

Kadar Abu (%) =34.2644 − 34.0498

3.0010 𝑥100% = 7.15%

b. A = 33.3417 gr B = 33.1262 gr C = 3.0008 gr

Kadar Abu (%) =33.3417 − 33.1262

3.0008 𝑥100% = 7.18%

c. A = 31.6577 gr B = 31.4425 gr C = 3.0018 gr

Kadar Abu (%) =31.6577 − 31.4425

3.0018 𝑥100% = 7.17%

2. TKKD – 2 a. A = 33.3087 gr

B = 33.0671 gr C = 3.0015 gr

Kadar Abu (%) =33.3087 − 33.0671

3.0015 𝑥100% = 8.05%

b. A = 33.3294 gr B = 33.0857gr C = 3.0015 gr

(9)

50

Kadar Abu (%) =33.3294 − 33.0857

3.0015 𝑥100% = 8.12%

c. A = 31.6872 gr B = 31.4425 gr C = 3.0025 gr

Kadar Abu (%) =31.6872 − 31.4425

3.0025 𝑥100% = 8.15%

Tabel 4 Analisa Kadar Abu Briket Arang

Komposisi Kadar Abu (%)

TKKD-1 7.15 7.18 7.17 7.16

TKKD-2 8.05 8.12 8.15 8.10

D. Kerapatan (Density)

Hasil pengujian kerapatan dari penelitian ini berupa data mentah yang di uji Laboratorium Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Perkebunan (TPHP).

𝜌 =M V Dimana:

ρ = Densitas (gr/cm³) M = Massa (gr) V = Volume (cm³)

(10)

51 Perhitungan:

1. TKKD - 1

a. M = 43.986 gr V= 44 ml

𝜌 =43.986

44 = 0.999 gr/ml b. M = 42.615 gr

V = 42 ml

𝜌 =42.615

42 = 1.014 gr/ml c. M = 44.384 gr

V = 44 ml

𝜌 =44.384

44 = 1.008 gr/ml 2. TKKD - 2

a. M = 32.816 gr V = 33 ml

ρ =32.816 gr

33 ml = 0.994 gr/ml b. M = 31.435 gr

V = 31 ml

ρ =31.435 gr

31 ml = 1.014 gr/ml c. M = 31.967 gr

V = 32 ml

𝜌 =31.967 gr

32 ml = 0.998 gr/ml

(11)

52

Berikut tabel analisa kerapatan briket arang TKKD:

Tabel 5 Analisa Kerapatan (Density Briket Arang)

Komposisi Densitas (gr/ml)

TKKD-1 0.999 1.014 1.008 1.007

TKKD-2 0.994 1.014 0.998 1.002

E. Kuat Tekan (Hardness)

Hasil pengujian kuat tekan dari penelitian ini berupa data yang di uji dilabotarium material test Pendidikan Tekhnologi Kimia Industri (PTKI).

Kuat Tekan = F A

Dimana:

F = gaya (N)

A = luas penampang (cm²) Diketahui:

Diameter briket: 42 mm A = ^π

4 𝑑² A =^3.14

4 . (4.2)²

= 0.785 . (4.2)² = 13.8474 cm²

(12)

53 Perhitungan:

1. TKKD - 1 a. F = 770 N

A = 13.8474 cm²

Kuat tekan = 770

13.8474= 56.60 N/cm²

b. F = 785 A = 13.8474 cm²

Kuat tekan = 785

13.8474= 56.68 N/cm²

c. F = 760

A = 13.8474 cm²

Kuat tekan = 760

13.8474 = 54.88 N/cm²

2. TKKD - 2 a. F = 190 N

A = 13.8474 cm²

Kuat tekan = 190 N

13.8474 cm² = 13.72 N/cm²

b. F = 210 N A= 13.8474 cm²

Kuat tekan = 210 𝑁

13.8474 cm²= 15.16 N/cm²

(13)

54 c. F = 215 N

A= 13.8474 cm²

Kuat tekan = 215 𝑁

13.8474 cm²= 15.52 N/cm²

Berikut tabel analisa kuat tekan briket arang TKKD :

Tabel 6 Analisa Kuat Tekan Briket Arang Komposisi Kuat Tekan Briket (N/cm²)

TKKD-1 55.60 56.68 54.88 55.72

TKKD-2 13.72 16.16 15.52 14.8

F. Laju Pembakaran Briket

Hasil pengujian kadar abu dari penelitian ini berupa data mentah yang di uji Lab Proses Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Perkebunan (TPHP).

Lb(g/detik) = ^{M (g)}

tS

Dimana:

Lb = Laju pembakaran briket (g/detik) M = Berat briket (g)

S =Waktu sampai briket habis (detik)

(14)

55 Perhitungan:

1. TKKD - 1 a. M = 46.18 gr

tS = 128 menit

Lb =46.18

7680 = 0,0060 gr/detik b. M = 42.96 gr

tS = 123 menit

Lb =42.96

6780 = 0,0058 gr/detik c. M = 44.53 gr

tS = 125 menit

Lb =44.53

7440 = 0,0059 gr/detik 2. TKKD - 2

a. M = 30.68 gr tS = 110 Menit

Lb =30.68 gr

6600 = 0.0046 gr/detik

b. M = 33.88 gr tS = 113 menit

Lb =33.88 gr

6780 = 0.0049 gr/detik

(15)

56 c. M = 34.29 gr

tS = 115 menit

Lb =34.29 gr

6780 = 0.0051 gr/detik

Berikut tabel analisa laju pembakaran briket arang TKKD:

Tabel 7 Analisa Laju Pembakaran Briket Arang

Komposisi Laju Pembakaran (gr/detik)

Pengujian 1 Pengujian 2 Pengujian 3 Rata-rata TKKD-1 4.867 x 10^-3 4669 x 10^-3 4560 x 10^-3 4.698 x 10^-3 TKKD-2 5837 x 10^-3 5746 x 10^-3 5526 x 10^-3 5.703 x 10^-3

(16)