5.4.Fermentasi Alkohol

(1)

Alcoholic Fermentation

USMAN SUMO FRIEND TAMBUNAN ARLI ADITYA PARIKESIT

KHAIRUNISSA

BIOINFORMATICS GROUP DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

(2)

Fermentation



Definition

chemical conversion of

(3)

Alcoholic Fermentation



_Definition

(4)

History



_{Louis Pasteur (1860)}

(5)

(6)

(7)

Bacteria



_{are a large group of unicellular or multi-}

_{are a large group of unicellular or}

multi-cellular organisms lacking chlorophyll

cellular organisms lacking chlorophyll



_{simple nucleus, multiplying rapidly by}

simple fission



_{They occur in air, water, soil, rotting}

(8)

Bacteria



_{All bacteria require a source of nutrients for}

metabolism



_{The fermentative bacteria require carbohydrates}

(9)

Example



_{Neisseria meningitidis ferments glucose}

&maltose,but not sucrose & lactose



_{Neisseria gonorrhoea ferments glucose,}

(10)

Yeast



_{Eukaryotic micro-organism classified in}

Kingdom Fungi



_{Yeast size typically measuring at 3–4}

µ

_µ

_{m in}

diameter

(11)

Fermentation by Yeast

• Beer, Wine

• Root beer, Sweet carbonated

beverages

(12)

Beer

• Brewer's yeast tolerate up to about 5%

alcohol

(13)

Parts of Home Brewing

• Parts 1

Parts 1

Aerobic (Oxygen is present)

This is the initial rapid process where the yeast is

doubling its colony size every 4 hours.

(Usually 24-48 hours)

• Parts

Parts

2

2 Anaerobic (No oxygen present)

Anaerobic (No oxygen present)

Slower activity and the yeast focuses on converting

sugar to alcohol rather that increasing the number of

yeast cells.

(14)

Industrial Ethanol Production

• Feedstock : Xylose in cellulosic

biomasses

such as agriculture residues, paper

wastes, and wood chips

(15)

False Statement



_{The culture must be growing on glucose}

because bacteria ferment a few other

compounds



_{The product of the fermentation must be}

more highly oxidized than substrate,

otherwise no energy is conserved

(16)

Reference

 _{Fry M. 2011, Essential Biochemistry for Medicine Wiley}

 _{Garrett R.H. et al. 2012 Biochemistry Brooks Cole Publishing}

Company

 _{Harvey R.A. et al. 2011 Biochemistry Wolters Kluwer}

Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

 _{Laemmerhofer M. et al. 2013 Metabolomics in Practice: Successful}

Strategies to Generate and Analyze Metabolic Data Wiley

 _{Mathews C.K. et al. 2000 Biochemistry Benjamin Cummings}  _{Murray R.K. et al. 2012. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 29}th

edition. McGraw Hill Medical.

 _{Nelson D.L and Cox M.S. 2008. Lehninger Principles of}